Boguchany HPP: hanga kaiwhakahaere, waea, photo, rohe waipuke

I te mutunga o Pipiri 2016 i roto i Russia i kaha tonu Boguchany HPP ko te hou, hanga ki runga ki te awa Angara, 444 km i tona mangai i roto i te rohe taiga-ngahere. Tenei teihana mana ko te 5 th i roto i te whenua, a i roto i te pā ana ki te taputapu hou runga tuatahi.

wāhitau o te kamupene

City Kodinsk Kezhemskogo District, Krasnoyarsk Territory, hanga turanga o te pēke maui, te tau turanga ngā 1, hanga 1 - te wāhitau tangohia o "Boguchany HPP". tau waea o te whakahaere: (39143) 7-13-93. Hoki, ka taea te whiwhi te mōhiohio mā secrdir@boges.kodinsk.kras.ru ī-mēra. Index Kamupene: 663.491.

He hītori iti

Ko te mahi mo te hanganga o te huringa tipu Boguchany i whakaaetia e te USSR Tāhuhu o Energy i te tau 1969. Kei te, ka anga te meka te hanga rawa o tenei wāhi nui hoki te whenua i roto i 1974, te kaihanga tuatahi o te teihana i kaimahi o te whakahaere "Bratskgesstroy". tonoa ratou e matou ki te ahanoa kei runga ake i te UST-Ilimskoy HPP. Ko tōna hanga noa i tenei wa i tino oti ai.

E ai ki te kaha kaupapa o te tipu ko te reira ki te kia 3000 MW, ka tūmanakohia te taumata pēhanga e ki tae te tohu o 208 m. I whakaritea te otinga o te kaupapa hurihiko mō te 1992. Heoi, kāore, i te āhuatanga uaua i te mutunga o te rau tau whakamutunga i roto i te whenua i kore tukua ki te kawe mai i to tatou mahere ki te mutunga. Nā ki te kore o ngā rauemi timata te tere o te hanganga o te teihana ki te āta peka, a i roto i 1994 ko reira tata whakatotoka.

whakaaro te ārahitanga i muri o te whenua i te hanganga kaupapa o te teihana i roto i rua ngā wāhanga (i roto i te tikanga ki te whakaiti utu). Heoi, ko te whakaaetanga Glavgosekspertizy kihai ia i riro. Hei anō hanga o te teihana i anake i roto i 2007 i roto i te anga o te hononga tūmatanui-tūmataiti. He pukapuka whakau te whakaaro ki te tūwhera i te Boguchany HPP, i hainatia e te kamupene "Rusal" ko Rao "fakasosialé o Russia" mo e rua nga tau i mua i taua. I te timatanga o te teihana otinga ko tona hinaaro 58%. hoatu te rua tuatahi i runga i hurihiko tipu huringa Boguchany i roto i 2012

Āhuatanga teihana

Boguchany HPP, whakaahua nei e te aroaro i runga i te whārangi, ko te ahanoa o te rahi pono. Ko tōna hanga ngā rua whaea nui - rockfill (1961.3 m) me raima (828.7 m). Ko te kupu, ko te roa mua teihana rere whānui ko te 2690 m. I huarahi matua tēnei wā Dams e rua. tavini Ie HPP rite te pono ake me te piriti puta noa te Angara, te tetahi anake i roto i te pūtoro o 130 km.

Station Dam E rua spillway. Ko te tuatahi (raro-momo) te āhuatanga e te kaha o 7060 m ³ / s. Ko te spillway tuarua (mata) He roa o 90 m me taea te tinei awa haere therethrough.

Powerhouse ki tona hoahoa angamaheni o taua wāhi. Kei muri i te wahi teihana o te whaea. Te taha te roa o te whare e wehea ki 9 wāhanga, ia o nei te whakatakotoria mo te kotahi wae waipēhi poutū ki te kaha o 333 MW. Rotatable rere te wai i timataria ai generators mīhini huri hiko 370 MVA. Ko ratou tukua mana hiko te ki te transformers taahiraa-iho o 500 kV me 220 kV. Ko te issuance o te teihana mana mā te momo kati switchgear, pātata ki te tari, me te whare production runga i te pareparenga mahue o te Angara.

hua

Ko te wae āheinga ngā taua hanganga rahi rite Boguchany HPP, tēnei wā tu i 3,000 MW. Hua Angarskaya teihana hou 20% o te katoa hiko pau Krasnoyarsk rohe. Anake i roto i te hauwhā tuatahi o 2016 HPP hoatu ai i roto i te nui o 3,126 piriona kWh.

Ko te tiketike rahi o te teihana whaea raima 96 m, nuinga -. Kawea 77 m Whānuitanga whakamutunga ki te taumata o te 20 m, a ka tangohia e tona hanganga o te tikanga o 30.5 miriona mita pūtoru o te oneone ³

Ngā HPP hanga

I te tīmatanga, ka tangohia te whakatau i runga i te hanga o tenei teihana nui mo te ōhanga o te whenua, kia rite ki kua whakahuatia, te USSR Tāhuhu o Energy. i huaina "Boguchangesstroy" i whakawhiwhia Ahakoa te ahanoa. i hanga reira o "Boguchangesstroy" I te 1993, i runga i te pūtake o tenei whakahaere. I roto i te 2002, ke te kamupene tona ingoa. I reira, rēhita te ahanoa te rite JSC "Boguchany HPP".

I roto i te puna o 2006 i waenganui i "RusHydro" me kamupene "Rusal" hainatia te whakaaetanga i runga i te whakatinanatanga o te kaupapa "BEMA", i roto i te tua ki te otinga o HPP ngā te hanga o te tipu konumohe Baguchanskogo. Pūtea o ngā e rua muri whakahaere i roto i kamupene moutere. Kua he kaupapa taua kua tīpakohia e te rōpū kaupapa "Rusal".

E ai ki te Code wai o te Boguchany HPP he taonga e hānga ana. Na reira, kua utua kamupene tūmataiti te hanga anake o tenei ahanoa. utu katoa mo te faaineineraa o te rohe waipuke whakahaeretia e te kāwanatanga.

O te akoranga, e kore katoa i roto i te hanga o tenei whare nui rere pai. Ki te hanga o te teihana i runga i te awa Angara, i roto i ngā, taunaki ia "Greenpeace". Tenei kamupene taiao pai-mohiotia e kore e rite ki te meka e te hanga o te ahanoa nui taua rite ia Boguchany, i kawea i roto i te faahepo ore i teie mahana i roto i te tukanga Eia Russian. Heoi, e kore kua whakatārewatia te hanga o te teihana, no te o ngā kerēme o "Greenpeace". Ngā o te otinga o HPP faataa te hiahia te Eia tukanga ture e hāngai ana ki te haere. Ko te meka i te mutunga i te kaupapa hurihiko whakaaetia i roto i te wā Soviet. Ko nga tikanga o te ture hou e tuhituhia he Eia, kua kahore pānga retroactive.

Ētahi āwangawanga e pā ana ki te hanga o tenei whare, a faaite Public Chamber o Russia. Te whakahaere, i roto i ngā, ngā pātai kua whakaarahia e pā ana ki te tiaki o te tuku iho o mua, me te ahurea i roto i te rohe o te waipuke me ngā take whakaaro o te utu-kore o te utu ki kaimahi me te kore o te whare te ngā.

O te akoranga, hangaia e Engineers Soviet o te kaupapa teihana ko morare tawhitotia nui i roto i te 25 tau. Na reira, ko te kaiwhakahaere matua o te hanga o te huringa tipu Boguchany (ranei kaua, tona tonu) - Rao "fakasosialé o Russia" - i roto i te 2006, ua faaue te Institute "Hydroproject" mahi whakahaere i runga i tona whakahōu.

I te tīmatanga noa mahara ki te whakaara i te whika kaha tipu ake ki te 4000 MW. Heoi, e tika ana ki te tightened to tatou wa mo te tauwhiro o ngā whakaritenga rere waipuke o nga tohunga o te Institute i ki te hoahoa i tētahi atu tau spillway 2, kihai i nei i roto i te tauira tuatahi. Ka rite ki te hua, i kaha o te whakato ki te kia heke ano ki 3000 MW.

hiranga ōhanga

Ki te rā, te tipu te mana hurihiko hou i runga i Angara whakarato hiko tino hou oti Boguchansky konumohe tipu, e hua atu i te 600 mano. Taranata o konganuku kore-ferrous ia tau. I tua atu, whakawhiti te teihana te mana ki te whakato Taishet me maha atu hinonga ahumahi o te rohe Lower Angara.

Boguchanskaya HPP rohe waipuke: Area

kua puta ke Ecology o te rohe o te hanganga o te teihana mana hurihiko, kāore, tino tino. I muri i te otinga o te teihana waipuke i 1.494 kiromita tapawha o whenua, tae atu ki - 296 km² o pū whenua, wahi kai me hayfields. supply ngaro o rākau me ngā mauwha ko 9,56 mcm ^3. i tapahia tetahi 10 miriona ^m3 o ngahere iho i roto i te 80 o o rau whakamutunga, i te timatanga o te hanganga o te teihana.

I tēnei wā, akina atu te whakahaere o JSC «Boguchany HPP" ki te whakakore tae katoa o ngā raruraru taiao e kua ara ake i muri i te hanganga o pāpuni. Hei tauira, i roto i te rohe waipuke i roto i te tahi atu raro tahuri 96 km ² peatland. O te akoranga, arahina te mutunga tenei ki te tūkinotanga o te awa. Peat rite te rauemi marama rawa ki etahi repo (ratou rohe katoa - 13 km ²⁾ anga rewa noa ki te mata. Ka rite ki te whakaaro e tonu taiao ka hei tenei tukanga kino i te iti rawa tetahi mo te 20 nga tau. I tēnei wā, i roto i te tikanga ki te pure i te mahi towage awa me te whakatōpū o motu Peat e tū ia wā.

awa

Area Boguchansky awa ko 2326 km ^2. Kei te wahi nui o te reira i roto i te Territory Krasnoyarsk (1961 km ^2). Te roa Boguchansky awa - 375 km. Ko te kupu i tona rōrahi tonu - 58,2 km ³ me te whai hua - 2.3 km ^3. ka mau Whakakī o te awa ki roto i te hanganga o te teihana mana hurihiko wahi i roto i te rua ngā wāhanga. I roto i te 2012, i heke tona taumata ki te taumata o 185 m, me i roto i 2015-m -. Kawea 208 m ki te kaupapa tēnei wā Boguchansky awa i roto i ture rā o rerenga awa me te kaupeka - flowage lateral. Rerekē i roto i te taumata o te moana te tangata-i hanga puta noa i te tau e kore e nui ake 1 m.

whakataunga Tangata i roto i te rohe waipuke

Ko te hanga o te huringa tipu Boguchany ko te take i tangohia e te wai 29 kainga me nga pa. 25 o ratou e kei roto i te rohe Krasnoyarsk me 4 - i roto i te rohe o Irkutsk. waipuke te whakataunga nui rawa te pokapū rohe Kezhma.

He katoa o te rohe waipuke i whakakorikoria 12173 tangata. tangohia te nuinga o te iwi i i te rohe o te awa ki mua nei i roto i te rau tau whakamutunga. I roto i nga tau 80 i te rohe i anō e pā ana ki 8,000 tangata. I taua wa i hoatu iwi i te kāinga hou i roto i nga pa tata, me te i roto i nga kainga. I roto i te 2008-2011. i hūnuku tetahi 4905 iwi i te rohe waipuke. I tenei wa, ngā whare i anake i roto i te pa. I roto i te 2012, oho te noho hou ki 194 iwi, a muri mai - tae noa atu atu i te 1,500.

pa Kodinsk

Te rironga o te nui o te whenua pū, me te hiahia ki te waiho i te wahi e nohoia hoki mano o te iwi - e ko tika taua hopearaa, a hua i roto i te waipuke. Boguchany HPP, Heoi, ki te rā, homai he nui nui noa o te mana, he mea e tika ana mo te ōhanga motu. I roto i tetahi take, kua whakapono ai e te hanga o tenei whare nui, ahakoa te mate i akina atu, ko öhanga tika.

Mea katoa atu i roto i te takiwā tonu o te teihana, hanga hoki te pa nui hou. Ingoa ara i roto i te pa taiga o pūngao Kodinsk. ka anga tōna hanganga i roto i 1977. Ki te rā, kua tū ona wahi o waho ake rawhiti 8 kiromita i te Angara whakamanamana waipuke.

I roto i te 2016 i roto i Kodinsk, kia rite ki tatauranga, i reira i kua e pā ana ki 16 227 iwi. I tua atu ki tangata hurihiko i te whai wāhi ki te mahi i te hinonga rakau tukatuka rohe, i roto i te "Alliance U" LLC, te mahi tahi "Biwa" me i te peka o LLC "Siberian moihū he +". He cinemas, kura, kindergarten, he maha ngā toa o whäiti kanorau te pa.

ngā whaipara tangata, me te hītori

I mua ki te hanganga Boguchansky awa waipuke i roto i te rohe kua whakahaere tae atu i te karikari nui-tauine. ako Scientists 40 mano. Km ² o whenua, a ka whakaahuatia neke atu i 130 wāhi whaipara. I tua atu, ka i whakahaere rangahau taketake. Ka rite ki te hua o te rohe waipuke i tukua e rave rahi taonga nui o te hoahoanga rakau.

Hea Kei Boguchany mana hurihiko teihana?

Timata tenei tipu huringa i roto i Angarsk Niniiraa me he wha tona atamira raro. I tua atu i UST-Iraia teihana whakarunga o te Boguchany e hoki Bratsk me Irkutsk. Kei tēnei tipu huringa i roto i te teihana awa Kodinsk. I tenei wāhi tapahi haere Angar massif kohatu nui o ordovika me toka parataiao wā Cambrian. I te taumata o te awa ki o te whānui awa ko 2-3 km. Toka i roto i tenei wahi oreore ki te moenga ko te tino tata. I runga i te pēke maui reira he tūāpapa iti. Tino ko reira rawa pari, me te taikaha. No te matā ki runga ki ano (te awa) fakaa'u Angar ake ki te 10 km.

Pānga i runga i te mātauranga rauropi o te rohe

Ka rite ki tetahi atu tipu huringa, Boguchany i te pānga nui i runga i te taiao. Kua oti te hauropi o te rohe i muri i te hanganga o te teihana huringa nui. Ahakoa whenua awa taiga kua vai e konei hoki tenetere, te nuinga neke ki te moana. Tenei, i roto i te tahuri, arahina ki te whakaiti nui i roto i te maha o rheophilous (hiahia wai nohopuku) momo ika. Heoi, i roto i tenei take, Waimarie, kua tupu te reira ki te taupori o limnophilic (moana).

whakaritea te kounga o te wai i roto i te awa ki te nuinga e te viivii ore i roto i te rohe waipuke kei runga ake i te UST-Ilimskoy HPP. Tenei āhuatanga Ko e tika ana ki te Angara whiwhinga iti i roto i tenei wahi. Ko te fakapapau o taiao, pirau i te raro o te rakau awa me te pūreirei pakū-ake, o te akoranga, i runga i te kounga o te mana wai. Heoi, hoki tetahi kino taiao i roto i tenei take, mea, o te akoranga, e kore te mea e tika.

I roto i te 6-8 km huri noa te awa ki, i roto i te tahi atu mea kua puta ke te wahi, me te āhuarangi. He nui nui o te wai "absorbs" te rangi. Summer i roto i te takiwā o te ahanoa ko tetahi mātao iti, a i roto i te hinga - mahana. Nā ki te rere o te wai i roto i te awa i raro HPS puta motokā mīti roa. Ko te putanga kino matua o tenei tītohunga kua te hua o nga ra kohu i roto i te rohe i roto i te marama mahana ake.