Chayanov Aleksandr Vasilevich: Haurongo, me te rārangi pukapuka

Chayanov Aleksandr Vasilevich - ohanga Soviet me te sociologist, he kaituhi pakimaero pūtaiao, me te kaituhi utopian o te mahi o te ōhanga kaiahuwhenua, me te ariā o te ōhanga morare. Ko ia he māngai kanapa o te whakatupuranga o pūkenga Russian o te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20. Chayanov Aleksandr Vasilevich, kei nei i raro i te whakaahua, oti rawa tona ora katoa i ki te ako o te whakahaere o te ahuwhenua. e kore tona ariā i tangohia e te mana Soviet. Heoi, mai i te 1990, piki timata pūtaiao ki tirohia ki te whakatau Chayanov. Kia tamata tatou ki te feruri i roto i te mea e hono ki te hāngaitanga o te mahi o te kaiahuwhenua pāmu ariā.

Chayanov Aleksandr Vasilevich: biography

Ko e taea ki te whakaaro i te kitenga o te kaiputaiao, e kore mahara ki pehea ka tae ia ki a ratou? Na kia tīmata a ki te haurongo. whanau Chayanov Aleksandr Vasilevich i roto i 1888 ki te whānau kaihokohoko, e noho i roto i Moscow. Awe e whanaunga i roto i te 1906 piri ia i muri i ta'na haapiiraa tuarua raa i roto i Moscow Agricultural Institute. Kua i te tau tuatahi whakawhanakehia e ia he moni i roto i te pūtaiao. I hiahia i roto i te Mensera ia. Ka rite ki mohiotia te, te whakamutunga ko te kaiwhakaū o te ariā o te whaipainga haurokuroku. I roto i te 1908 tae mai Chayanov Italy i 1909 - Belgium. Me kï reira e noa i te kuao taua tau ka ia maheni ki enei whenua rite te aivanaa pono, e kore te tūruhi noa. Maongo e te haerenga tuatahi Chayanov Aleksandr Vasilevich, rārangi pukapuka e ka e ngā o te maha o nga mahi pūtaiao, engari ano hoki toi e kore e anake, whakatakoto hōtaka familiarization ki te wheako ke o whakahaere o te ahuwhenua. I oti rawa te tuhinga tuatahi o te pūtaiao i mua nei ki te tahi-mahi i roto i Itari. I roto i te whakangungu i te whare wānanga whakaputaina Chayanov 18 tuhinga pūtaiao. I whakaekea e ia he wahi i roto i te tari o te ohaoha faaapu, a ka whakaae ia. I te tau 1912 riro ia te taitara o te Kaiwhakaako Chayanov. Na ka mahue ia mo te tau i runga i te karahipi ki waho. I roto i tenei wa dulos ia mahi i roto i Paris ko Berlin. I roto i te wā karahipi, oti ia tona mahi nui tuatahi "tuhinga roa i runga i te Theory o ōhanga mahi."

Whanaunga ki te mana Soviet

Chayanov Aleksandr Vasilevich, ko tona whai ki te ōhanga ko te ki te whakawhanake kihai i krestyanovedeniya ariā he theoretician, a kua rapua tonu ki te whakamahi i ona kitenga i roto i te mahi. Ko ia he mema o ngā kaupapa, he mema o te Poari o Cooperative Congresses. Te kaitono Chayanov noa kua tohua mo te pou o Minita o Agriculture, engari puritia e ia te pou anake hoki e rua wiki. Nāwai i te tahi-ngā ki te hanga te rongo ki nga mana Soviet. Mai 1919 mahi Chayanov i o nga tangata Commissariat o Agriculture. Huri noa i taua wa i timata ano ia ki te ako mahi tuhituhi. I roto i te tau 1922, te kaiwhakahaere o te paari rangahau Chayanov whakahaere i te hui i runga i te ōhanga ahuwhenua. I roto i te taua tau ka tango ia ia, a haere ana ki te haerenga tau-rua ki waho. I roto i te tau 1923 te whakaputanga o tona mahi nui - "Ko te whakahaere o te ōhanga kaiahuwhenua." Tona tīmatanga tatau ahorangi bourgeois. I roto i te 1930 hopukina Chayanov. I tohua ia "Reipa kaiahuwhenua Party" i roto i te tiaki o te whakahaere. rongo Public i runga i te take kihai i tangohia e wahi. I roto i te whare herehere, ki te mahi i runga i tona ariā tonu te kaipūtaiao. ka whakaraua Chayanov ki Alama-Ata, te wahi ki te mahi i roto i te Commissariat o Agriculture tonu ia. I roto i te tau 1937, i runga i te pūtaiao i whakawakia wawau whiua ki te mate. I whakaūtia te whakatau tonu, tau 49 anake tau o Chayanov.

Ko te takenga mai o te ariā

Ko tino kanorau te kainga tupu toi o te krestyanovedeniya kaiwhakarewa. Kei roto te reira i te mahi pūtaiao e kore anake, engari mahi ano hoki o te toi. Heoi, faaite ratou katoa he kaupapa noa. Works o toi whakaatu i roto i ngā ohie nga kitenga pūtaiao matatini. tapiritia Chayanov tetahi i roto i ngā wāhanga katoa o ngā agro-ōhanga. Ka taea e tatou te wehewehe i te wāhanga e whai ake nei i roto i te whanaketanga o te kaiahuwhenua mahi ōhanga ariā. I roto ia ratou:

1. Ko te oraraa o pāmu utuafare.
2. Creation o ētahi ahuwhenua.
3. Ko te whanaketanga o te rāngai ahuwhenua rite te katoa.

ariā Family-mahi

Chayanov Aleksandr Vasilevich ko te kaiwhakaū o te aronga katoa. I roto i te mutunga o te rau tau 19, he raruraru o whenua nga kaiwhakarēti '. arahina tenei ki te raruraru agrarian. whakahounga o Stolypin kihai i mahi, a faahohonu reira. āwangawanga i roto i te rāngai ahuwhenua rapu i te putanga o te ariā hou o te whakahaere o te ahuwhenua. Chayanov Ua ite te wairua o nga wa. whakaaro ia e te āhuatanga matua o te ōhanga Russian - tenei domesticity. i te reira i te pānga i runga i enei whakaaro Chayanov me whakangungu i te'inisititiutí. Oia mau, i roto i nga kaiwhakaako tohaina Chayanov nga tohunga agrarian nui rawa, Ahorangi N. N. Hudyakov, AF Fortunatov, DN Prianishnikov.

Ko te whakahaere o te pāmu kaiahuwhenua

kihai i Chayanov Aleksandr Vasilevich he Marxist. Heoi, ko ia i roto i te mau rave'a e rave rahi whakaaro rite "Capital" o te kaituhi e pā ana ki te āhua o te peasants rite te matau o kaimahi me kaitukumahi. Nui ohanga Russian o te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20, i matau ki te hiahia mō ngā whakahounga taketake. I roto i te mua, hoatu ana e ia te umanga whaiaro o te whānau kaiahuwhenua. I runga anō i te ako o te wheako ke, me te pūtaiao raraunga tëtehi e mua te whakaaro o te whakahaere i te mahere, me te ariā o te toenga mahi. hanga e ratou i te karihi o krestyanovedeniya. E ai ki te ohanga, te rahi paetahi o te hinonga ahuwhenua tei runga i te rahi te utuafare.

Ko te mahere

Ko te whakaaro o te mahi kaiahuwhenua utuafare ko ki te whakatau i to ratou ake hiahia. Ko te atu optimally whakaritea riko, na puta reira ki te whānuitanga nui. Na reira, ko te akiaki ia o te whakarite i te mahere. Ki te meatia tenei te tika, whakarite reira te pūmautanga o te kamupene me te tōtika mahi rawa. Me kite ia pāmu hei wāhanga o te pūnaha. Na reira, tei reira ki runga i te atamira o te whanaketanga o te hapori. Te whānau hei hinonga kia whakamahi i ngā whai wāhitanga katoa tikanga ngā. tauturu mahere whakahaere ki te mahino te hanganga ā-o te ōhanga, te hononga i waenganui i nga manga rerekē o te pūtea rerekē me utu mahi mo te mahi rerekē. Kei roto te reira i:

• toenga Reipa. E whakaatu ana te reira i te hononga i waenganui i te ahuwhenua me te ika.
• toenga Production. whakaata te reira i te hononga i waenganui i kararehe me te taputapu.
• toenga moni. faaite e ia nga hua me ngā whakapaunga.

whakatakotoranga

Chayanov whakapono e kore te kī ki te haaputuraa o te mahere ko te raupapa motuhake o te whakaaroaro me te tono o nga paearu. I roto ia ratou:

• I te mua o wāhitanga mahi kia te whānau me to ratou hononga me ona titauraa kiritaki.
• He mea tika ki te tango i ki tikanga pūkete. E nehenehe te reira i te take whāiti.
• tavini hoki He paearu nui te whakahaere o te rohe. whakaritenga Kāore he pānga kino i runga i te tōtika o te ōhanga kaiahuwhenua.
• He mea tika ki te tango ki roto ki pūkete nga peculiarities o te whakahaere o te mahi. Me ki whakarongo ki te utu transportation tika.

Ko te kupu, whakahaere te kaituhi ki te whakakotahi i ngā āhuatanga katoa o te whakamahere i te whanaketanga o hinonga ahuwhenua utuafare iti.

toenga mahi

Chayanov Aleksandr Vasilevich - he ohanga e whakawhanakehia te tauira ki te whakatau i te rohe tūturu o tetahi hinonga pakihi. ka mea ia e he tika tonu te hua ki te whakatau i te take o te hanga, i te mea e wātea ana i roto i te iti te nuinga o whānuitanga. Hoki pāmu whānau Chayanov te tono i taua kāwai ōhanga whānui pērā i haehae, moni, moni, utu. tāutu ia e rua ngā rōpū o ngā āhuatanga i roto i to ratou moni: ōhanga kāinga, me te motu. Ko te mua ngā nga rauemi tangata me te kaha o to ratou tono.

pāmu pārōnaki kaimahi

hinga te wā whakamutunga o te auahatanga o te pūtaiao i runga 1927-1930 tau. Me ki atu economists, ako ia te raruraru o pārōnaki o te koraha. whakakitea e ia e whakatika reira no te mea o te arepurepu i o hanga koloa tūturu me ohie. Ko te gravitated ki te rohe pokapū ki te oneone mangu hua tuatahi, te whakamutunga - i te tauranga nui rawa. Kua arahina hanganga ki te hua i roto i rerenga hekenga, i te mea te pārōnaki take. Na reira, te raupapatanga o te hapori, kia rite ki Chayanov, i kore e pā ana ki ngā tukanga pāpori, me ki whakakorenga o ngā momo hou o pāmu. Ki te whakamutunga ngā ia pāmu, nama, me te moni whakatuputupu, arumoni me te tautoko. Hei whakatau i te raruraru whakaaro te pūtaiao reira e tika ana ki te whakahaere i collectivization ngātahi. kia ia, me te moni āwhina i hoki nga proletarians tuawhenua ki te tauira tuku iho o te mahi te utuafare.

Ko te uara o te ariā mo te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao

Chayanov Aleksandr Vasilevich - he sociologist me te ohanga, nei he pai mohio kaipūtaiao hou e ako pūnaha ahuwhenua mahi. Heoi, mea ïa no te mea o enei whakaaro ia i tukua. Stalin fakafo'ituitui whakahē te ariā. Chayanov hoki reira i te tuatahi whakahekea a ka mahi i i te tau o 49 tau. Heoi, ahakoa tenei katoa, tonu te ariā ki te ora. I roto i te 1980 ka anga te reira ki te kia whakahoutia moni. I teie mahana, e rave rahi o Economists Agricultural kōrero tonu ki taua mea, a ka kitea te faaururaa i roto i reira.

Chayanov Aleksandr Vasilevich Books

tuhituhi te pūtaiao maha mahi. Me kï reira e noa i roto i whakangungu i te evanelia, kua whakaputaina e ia 17 tuhinga. whakaaro tona mahi matua ko te pukapuka "tuhinga roa i runga i te Theory o ōhanga mahi." I te 1989, i whakaputaina i te reira i roto i te kotahi rōrahi mahi tīpakohia o te kaipūtaiao. I roto i te mahi tino rongonui o te toi Chayanov "Journey o toku teina Alexei ki te utopia kaiahuwhenua". Etahi o ratou i whakaputaina i muri i te matenga o te kaituhi i roto i 1980-2010 tau.