Trade Foreign: āhuatanga me ara o ture

Ko te tukanga o te te ao o te ōhanga ao, tahi e te ahunga whakamua pūtaiao, me te hangarau, he pānga nui i runga i nga mahi o hinonga ohaoha katoa. I roto i ngā, faarahi hua whānui, ake te kounga o ngā ratonga, i reira he he whakamahi kouma o ngā rauemi māori. Huringa i roto i enei tawhā i te pānga nui i runga i te ōhanga o ia whenua whai wāhi i roto i te tukanga o te hokohoko ao. Heoi, ia hinonga o te mäkete o te ao takoha te ki te whakaae i te whakaritenga hou i whakaritea e te pūnaha ao. I roto i tenei āhuatanga, e hiahia ana koe ki te wā rethink te whāinga, ngā whāinga, me ngā huarahi ki te whakatutuki i a ratou i roto i te mana kāwanatanga i runga i ngā mahi ohaoha ke o te whenua.

Ko te whāinga matua o te pūnaha mākete ao

rongoā Ngā hāngai hoki te raruraru i runga ngaahi taumu◊a ko te hanganga hokohoko ao, ngā tukanga ā-ōhanga pangia huringa nui. I raro i enei tikanga, te āhuatanga pāpori-ōhanga i roto i te whenua kua te mana nui i runga i te hanganga o te hokohoko ke. Matapaki i te whāinga matua me ngā whāinga, tikanga me ngā tikanga ki te whakatutuki i a ratou. vai tēnei āhuatanga i roto i Russia. Na, he he rapu tonu mo nga mehua ariā, me te mahi, i te mea i raro i te mana o te hokohoko ke Russian. Ko te whāinga o ngā mahi, ko te ki te whakatutuki i akiaki pai o te whanaketanga o te ōhanga ā-motu.

Ture o te hokohoko ke i te taumata-ture

Movement o taonga katoa puta noa i te rohe Russian ko roto i te pou whakawhitinga. aroturukitia ratou mahi e te Code Customs. Tenei huinga o ngā ture, i roto i te tahuri, whakatakoto ana nga tikanga whakahaere motuhake, regulates te tukanga o te te rēhitatanga me te mana. Tūkinotanga o te ture i whakaritea e te Code, e faatupu rerekē momo o whiu. Kei te kitea ano hoki tenei i roto i te tuhinga. Kei roto Customs Code te rārangi o te katoa e whakamahia ana i roto i te whakamāramatanga pūnaha RF tuku. Ko ētahi o ēnei, mo te tauira, ngā pērā i "Te Kāinga Tūturu o te taonga", "utu whakamahia i roto i te hoahoa o ngā hua," me te tini ke atu. ture Federal, whakamārama i te taketake o te ture kāwanatanga o hokohoko ke, ngā te ahunga taketake o te mahi o te waihanga me te whanaketanga, whakarite tūranga whakahaere. Ano, ngā reira te mau parau tumu matua o ngā mahi i roto i te mākete ao. Ko te kupu whakamana tikanga ture o hokohoko ke. Nga kaiuru, i runga i te ture, kua wehea ki te maha ngā rōpū. Ko ētahi o ēnei:

• Ko te kaupapa matua o whanaunga ōhanga ke. momo ngā o tenei kamupene o taonga, kawea nei i roto i mahi hokohoko ke.
• Ko te hānga whakahaere kāwanatanga, me te hinonga.
• Ko te kaiuru o te wholesaler mahi-whaiaro ao.

E rēhita hinonga ture katoa me kaipakihi takitahi whai wāhi i roto i whanaunga mākete i roto i te mana tikanga. Heoi, he tūao tenei tukanga.

tikanga mana

He he maha o ngā rautaki e kua whakamahia e te kāwanatanga Russian i roto i te mahi o te mana i runga i nga kaiuru o ngā mahi hokohoko ke. Ko ētahi o ēnei:

• Here me rāhui.
• tikanga ture e pā ana me auauhia ki tariffs ritenga.
• Herenga (whakaongaonga) mahi i roto i te parae o economics i te taumata kāwanatanga.

State ture o ngā mahi hokohoko ke

whakahaere Tika hangaia o mana kāwanatanga ko te take matua i roto i te whai huatanga o te whanaketanga ōhanga. Tinana, i raro i te aronga o te mea te mahi hokohoko ke, e hanga e runga i te pūtake o te whanaketanga o mua o te whenua, tona wāhi matawhenua me ngā āhuatanga whānui. Hei tauira, i roto i te Soviet Union i reira ko te heriheri pūnaha kāwanatanga centralized. E whakarato ana i te mana noa me te whakahaere i roto i te mara o te hokohoko ke. I roto i te heke mai, te whakawhiti ki whanaunga mākete i whakakorea hanganga heriheri. I roto i tenei take, nga manatü me tari whai wāhi rohe kua riro he maha o tika tauhokohoko ā-ao.

pūnaha mana Modern i roto i te Russian Federation

Ko te pūnaha o te ture o te hokohoko ke nāianei i te mutunga i hanga i roto i te 2005. Kei te wehea tenei hanganga ki toru ngā taumata.

1. Federal. I tenei taumata, kua tangohia e te mana tūmatanui whakatau.
2. Rohe. Konei i te whakatau i hanga e te mana i roto i ngā rohe i te whenua o.
3. Local. I tenei taumata, te mana mahi hokohoko ke e tinana rohe.

E ai ki te whakatau a te kāwanatanga i hanga whakanōhanga whakahaere motuhake tukua ki te whakahaere o te mahi ohaoha ke. Ēnei pokapū ngā: Manatū Ōhanga, Tāhuhu o Trade, ka whakarongo Federal Ratonga o Customs me te Federal Agency mo te mana o ngā wāhi ōhanga motuhake.

Tāke me te tāke-kore tikanga mana

1. Ko te kupu whakataki o te mau ohipa kawemai i runga i kawemai. E hāngai ana tēnei tikanga i whiwhi nga painga o ngä kāinga me te kāwanatanga, e whai he moni anō. Kiritaki, i runga i te anga ke, kua takoha ki te hoko taonga i utu teeraa, kia ai ratou mau mate.
2. Ko te kupu whakataki o te mau ohipa kaweake. riro kiritaki te painga tapiritia o whakaiti utu kāinga, e mate kaiwhakanao parekura, e tango te āhua moni atu.

Hoki ratou ake hua, me te hua hoko he maha o whenua whakatinana te whai i ēnei:

• homai poapoa tāke ki ngā umanga mahi i roto i te kaweake;
• kawea te reira i te tuku iti-moni taurewa me loans mo te kaweake o ngā hua;
• mutu he kirimana i runga i te taumata kāwanatanga, e hāngai ana ki te hoko o taonga i roto i te whenua ke.

hoki tikanga kore-utu here o te mana mahi hokohoko ke. Ko ētahi o ēnei:

• here kaweake;
• hopukia utaina ki runga ki taonga kawemai;
• hokohoko Heoi - he aukati i runga i te kawemai (kaweake) o te tetahi momo o te hua;
• akiritia - hoko taonga hangaia i utu raro atu i te mākete kāinga.

tuwhera ōhanga

kia tenei wā kia mohio ki te tukanga o te hokohoko ki te toenga o te ao e ngā kaiuru mākete ki te whakataki o te maha mōkito o te kawemai me te kaweake here. Hoki tenei momo o te ōhanga āhuatanga e ngā taumata teitei o te tohu e whai ake nei:

• taumata o te kaweake me kawemai i roto i te katoa hanga taupori;
• he nui o te haumi ke i roto i pā ana ki te ā-;
• aroaro o te roherohenga ke (GNP).

mākete International rite te ahua o te hononga

I roto i te ao i teie mahana o te hokohoko i waenganui i nga whenua kite te rite te ahua matua o ngā. i oti rawa raruraru o mākete waho te nui nui o te mahi pūtaiao, te ngako o te mea ki te kitea te ara whai hua tino o te whanaketanga me te pūmautanga o te pūnaha ōhanga ao. e kore e noho te reira, kahore whakarongo, me te nuinga o tona mana i runga i te whanaketanga pāpori o te hapori. Heoi, i roto i te noa'tu o te ao mākete, te tauwehe matua o whanaunga hokohoko ko nga kaupapa o te mākete ao. E hāngai ana ratou i runga i nga ngākau nuitanga ōhanga o te whenua, i runga i nei kei ko te tukanga o te pāhekoheko ki te tahi atu kaiwhakaari. Kei te whakahuatia te reira i roto i te hanganga o ngā uniana, hanganga o etahi whakaaetanga i te taumata kāwanatanga.