E karanga hoki te mākete mahi. mākete mahi o teie mahana, me ona āhuatanga

Ko tētahi o nga wahi taketake o te ōhanga hou i roto i nga whenua katoa ko te mākete mahi. He uaua ki te haafaufaa ore i te tūranga o tenei tikanga, mai i tona tikanga takoto i roto i te meka e riro miria o te iwi e hoko ratou mahi, moni ki te tīariari, me milioni o pakihi - Me ratou ki kaimahi i te mahi. Ko te aha hiahia te mākete mahi i roto i te wahi tuatahi. Ko te aha ki te mohio tona ngako, uara, me te āhuatanga tika e kore anake ki economists me rangatira o kamupene nui, engari tino iwi katoa.

Ko te ariā o te mākete mahi

mākete Reipa - ko reira he tūāpapa i runga i nei tomo i te tika, me te ki te kirimana o te mahi te kaituku mahi, me te imi mahi. Ko te ahua o te pūnaha o whanaunga whaihua, pāpori me te ōhanga, i waenganui i te hinonga e rua.

Ko tētahi taha o te kirimana o te mahi - he tangata i roto i te hiahia o te wāhi mahi. Ko tētahi atu - Ko tenei te tikanga he tangata ture tūturu ranei e hiahia kaimahi ngaio ranei kaha mahi, a i te mea e taea ki te mahi i te kaitono.

Ka rite ki tetahi atu mākete, reira he he hua - he reira mahi. He imi mahi, nga mahi kaihoko o ratou matauranga, te wā, ngā kaha me ngā pūkenga. Na e hiahia ana ia ki te tiki i te supply o taonga mo utu i roto i te puka o te utu.

huānga mākete

huānga mākete e:

• kaitono me te kaituku mahi;
• supply me tono, ratou ōwehenga;
• ture ture tikanga o te mahi o te mākete;
• whakahaere ratonga mahi;
• ratonga arata'iraa umanga, te hinonga ki te whakapai ake i te pūkenga o kaimahi;
• whakahaere mahi rangitahi (mahi kaupeka, mahi kāinga, aha ...);
• te pūnaha o te tautoko pūtea kāwanatanga ki tangata nei ngaro ratou mahi ki te whakaiti, whakawhitia ki tetahi atu mahi ranei kore mahi noa.

fekumi Hopa me kaitukumahi rite nga kaupapa o te mākete

Ngā kaitono i roto i te mākete mahi ko nga rōpū e whai ake nei o tangata taea nga marohirohi:

• tangata e kore e nei i te mahi, me te hiahia ki te kitea te mahi i te wa kotahi; kia fehangahangai, kua tangohia te kaute i te pokapū mahi, iwi titiro noa mo ratou ake wahi o te mahi ranei;
• iwi e mahi, engari e hiahia ana ki te taui i to ratou wahi o te mahi, no te mea katoa te take, ki te tīpako i tetahi atu tūranga;
• tangata e taea-marohirohi e kei i runga i te pareparenga o te pananga.

Te kaituku mahi i roto i tenei mākete e taea e:

• momo rerekē o hinonga, me ngā rōpū (hinonga ture);
• kaipakihi takitahi (takitahi).

mahi mākete

E karanga hoki mākete mahi - ngāwari ki te matau, ka whakaaro ona mahi matua, me mahi e puta i reira. Na, ko te whakaaro matua o tenei huarahi ko te whakahaere o te mahi tonu ki te hiahia i roto i te kaimahi e utua ana i roto i hinonga me whakahaere.

Ko te mākete i roto i te pātai, tutuki ai tenei ki te awhina o nga mahi e whai ake nei whakamana:

• whakahaere hui i waenganui i ngā kamupene me fekumi mahi;
• whakarato whakataetae hauora i roto i ngā kaiuru mākete;
• ravnovesomyh whakapumautia reiti utu.

Ko te mākete, ko te tukanga o te whiriwhiri me te hainatanga o te kirimana o te hoko, me te hoko o te mahi tangata i runga i ngā whaihua. tauturu te tikanga pai-hinu whakanui te whakamahi painga o te pūmanawa mahi o te iwi, e te tikanga e i te taumata tonotono i roto i te ōhanga pango ko. te mākete mahi, Na, mahi reira te whakahaere i mahi.

whakaaro tatou i roto i te taipitopito te mākete mahi, te ariā me ona mahi, ka taea e tetahi te ui e pā ana ki te mea whai wāhi ki tona ahua i roto i te whenua, me te aha tona huru i teie mahana.

hiahiatanga Economic mo te hanganga o te mākete mahi

Hei matau ki ta hiahia te mākete mahi, he mea e tika ana ki te mohio e te hanga e te reira i roto i tetahi whenua i roto i te wahi tuatahi ki te haerenga mai o ngā whakapae ōhanga. Enei e:

• Kāwanatanga o ao katoa o te ōhanga. takoto Ko tōna ngako i roto i te tika ki te taonga tūmataiti i te tikanga o te hanga, me te wātea o te whenua i roto i to ratou kainga ake.
• Whakaaetanga o te haere noa te tangata o whiriwhiri i roto i te ngaio, mahere mahi. Ko, Ka taea e ia te whakatau te wahi me pehea ki te mahi pakeke i te mea utu, me mehemea te mahi i te reira. I te wa ano i roto i te whenua opani mahi mahi i akina atu, ki te kahore ano he whiu e whakairia te tika.
• hinonga Free rite te mahi. Tangata katoa i roto i te whenua i runga i to ratou ake ranei ki te rōpū o tangata e te tika ki te whakatuwhera ratou ake mahi.

Ko te kupu, ko te hanganga me te mahi o te mākete mahi pānga te ōhanga. E kore te mākete mahi e taea te hanga e waho reira.

tikanga pāpori o hanganga o mākete

Hoki te hanganga o te mākete mahi, i roto i te tua ki te āhuatanga ohaoha, whakamārama e tika ana, me te oraraa totiare, i te mea te hanganga o te kore ōritenga i roto i ngā o te moni, roa o te mahi, me ngā tohu mātauranga o te mahi, te tohu o te hauora me te taumata o te mātauranga i roto i te iwi. Ano, te rerekētanga i roto i ngā kaha hinengaro me 'ulungaanga whaiaro (te haamahu, kaha tinana, a pera te āhuareka. D.).

Tenei ahua o te kore ōritenga pāpori me whärite e mana tūmatanui ki te awhina o nga hōtaka e hānga ana, me te terenga ki te tiaki i te taupori ki te kore mahi, whakatā e tika ana ki te āhua, tuku pūtea āwhina i te mau utuafare iti-moni, me inihua hauora.

hiahiatanga Ture mo te hanganga o te mākete mahi

Ki te hiahiatanga ture e ai hanga o te mahi, me tona tikanga o te mahi o te mākete, he ture me te whakahau kāwanatanga, ahei ki te tiaki i te taupori ōhanga me te hapori, e arotahi ana ki ngā tika takitahi me ona rangatiratanga. I roto i te Russian Federation, mo te tauira, te hunga e:

• RF Constitution, Art. 7, i kī e Russia - he āhua pāpori, e whai ana ki te hanga tikanga mo te ora tura me te whanaketanga noa o te iwi.
• Reipa Waehere, i whakarārangitia ka faataa nga ture o te mātakitaki me te ture o whanaunga mahi.
• Te Waehere Civil, e tautuhi ana i te momo ture o te mahi.
• Ture tau 10321 "I mahi i roto i te Russian Federation" me te Ture Federal № 207-FZ "I kirimana Collective me Whakaaetanga", te Ture Federal № 10-FZ "I Kauae Trade, ratou Rights me Pūtāhui" me etahi atu.

Supply me te hiahia i roto i te mākete mahi

Mai i te whakamāramatanga mākete mahi me ngā whakamārama o ona kaupapa, ko reira mārama e hāngai ana tenei tikanga i runga i te ariā ohaoha pērā i supply me te tono. Tono - Ko te wātea o ngä türanga, whakaatu reira te rahi o te mākete. He tono - ko te maha o te kore mahi e e rite ki te hoko i to ratou mahi ki te kaituku mahi. I roto i te e kore whenua i pai kia whakaritea, me te aha kia kua i te mākete mahi, supply me te hiahia i roto i te mākete mahi e tīari tonu. tēnā i ratou i runga i nga āhuatanga o waho, me te ā.

Na, ko te hiahia i roto i te mākete mahi tei matua i runga i te taumata o te utu. Tona hononga i raro i ngā āhuatanga noa, ki te whakataetae tino, he inversely hautanga ki te utu o te mahi. i runga i te taumata o te tono ano hoki pāngia e te tahi atu meka ohaoha, pērā i, mo te tauira, te hiahia hoki taonga whakaputaina e te kamupene, te taumata o te taputapu hangarau te utu o te whakapaipai kamupene ranei.

Whakahere i te mahi taua, i te tahi atu te ringa, he tika hautanga ki utu. Ko, ki te maranga utu, nui haere te tokomaha o te iwi pai me te taea ki te hoko i ō rātou pūkenga i runga i tenei uara.

I runga i te supply mahi, i roto i te tua ki te utu, tākiekina ki rerekē nekehanga, te maha o te taupori taipakeke mahi, te maha o ngā hāora i oti rawa ki te mahi i roto i te ra, te wiki, tau, ngaio, me te tohu āhuatanga o te tini e ruwha.

Supply me te hiahia i roto i te mākete mahi tikanga puka mākete. kia ia, i roto i o ratou ōwehenga rerekē e whai ake:

• he kore o te mahi (e te faaruru i te mākete hapa mahi);
• ki te toenga o te mahi (he tonu o tono te mākete mahi);
• mafamafatatau (supply me te tono kei roto i taurite).

pānga tuakiri me te whāinga i runga i te mahi o te mākete mahi

Kore, ka taea e te kāwanatanga whakahaere te huarahi o te mahi mākete mahi. Ka taea te faaitehia te i tēnei mahi i ngā taumata rerekē o te kāwanatanga:

• ture e hānga ana (ki te whakahaere i runga i te taumata motu);
• rohe ranei rohe (rohe ki ngā mākete mahi tikanga rite ki to ratou pū).

Ko te pānga i runga i te mākete mahi kia whai whakahaere hapori, pērā i ngā uniana.

Otiia e kore e anake i runga i ngā take tuakiri o ture o mahi me te kore mahi tei runga i te aha e mahi i te reira i te mākete mahi. Supply me te hiahia i roto i te mākete mahi, o te akoranga, te tākaro hoki i te wāhi nui i roto i tenei tukanga. Na ko motuhake o te pai ai, me te whakaaro o te iwi ratou mana, kia rite ki ka e hāngai ai ki runga ki ture ōhanga. Ko ki te kia whāinga.

tauira mākete mahi

He aha i taea e te mākete mahi? Whakarōpū o ngā mākete i taea kia rite whai:

• i runga i te tohu o te whakataetae (tino mākete monopsony mākete whakataetae) rānei;
• i runga i nga āhuatanga o te kāwanatanga (te tauira Japanese, te tauira US, te tauira Huitene) rānei.

Fully whakataetae - ko te mākete mahi, e ngā he maha nui o kamupene me ngā rōpū, whakataetae ki ia atu, me te he rota o kaimahi e haere mai ana ki te tautohetohe ki ia atu. I roto i tenei tauira, te mākete mahi ranei te kamupene, e kore nga kaimahi e kore e taea e arataki ona ake tikanga.

Monopsony - he mākete mahi e ko te heriheri i runga i te wahi o tetahi o nga kaihoko o te mahi. I roto i tenei tauira, whai wāhi tata kaimahi katoa e i roto i te hinonga taua, kahore whiriwhiri. Nō reira, ko te kamupene puaki tona ake ture, tae atu ki ngā huinga utu. he angamaheni hoki pa iti, te wahi kotahi tipu nui whakahaere ranei mahi tenei tauira.

Ko te tauira Japanese o mākete mahi āhuatanga e te pūnaha o te ora mahi, e ko, mahi te kaimahi i te wahi ano tae noa ki tūranga tau. Heoi, ana utu, me hua pāpori e tika ti'aturi i runga i te roa o te mahi. Whakangungu me te whanaketanga mahi tango i te wahi i rite whakaritea. Ki te titau to koutou whakahaere ki te kawe i te whakaiti, e kore e whakatakotoria nga kaimahi atu, engari whakawhiti noa ki te ra mahi poto.

I te ngakau o te tauira mākete mahi US whakatakotoria ture decentralization i roto i ngā o te mahi me te kore mahi. Tiwihana ia kāwanatanga ona ake ture. I roto i te rōpū i reira he ako tino me te huru ta'emateaki ki kaimahi. whanaketanga Career Ko e kore i roto i te kamupene, engari na mahue mo tetahi atu kamupene. Te auau kore mahi, whakaritea ki ētahi atu whenua i roto i Amerika he tiketike rawa. Ko roto i te mākete mahi US, a kua ahu mai te take o te kore mahi i ona āhuatanga.

āhuatanga te tauira mākete mahi Swedish he mana nui o te kāwanatanga i runga i te hōkai o te mahi. Here, te taumata iti o te kore mahi i te utu o ona faaararaa.

Ko te pau o te mākete mahi

E tano ia tapao e te mākete mahi hou, me ona āhuatanga i roto i ia whenua, i roto i ia rohe, a tae noa i roto i ia kainga rerekē. Ko te āhuatanga matua o ngā mākete katoa ko e te kaupapa o te hoko, ko te mahi. Ko te take i kore e taea te wehea te kaihoko, me te taonga i ia atu, me te te meka e te hua iho kahore he taea ki te rokiroki, no te kore e hiahiatia te reira.

Ko te pū o enei mākete ko te ngoikore ki te whakatū i te utu i raro i te kāwanatanga i tohua.

E karanga hoki mākete mahi - ngāwari ki te matau, ka whakaaro tona ariā, ngā whāinga, tauira me ngā whakapae puta. I roto i te whānui taea tatou te mea e ko te reira i te pūtake o te ōhanga mākete. Na, ko reira e taea ki te arataki ona ture.