Empiricism - te reira i te tikanga tika o te ako?

Empiricism - he aronga taumauri, e aro te mau mana'o tangata, me te wheako hāngai rite te puna tino o te matauranga. e kore e Empiricists whakakahore rawa ariā ranei te matauranga kouma, ko te hanga o waeua hanga anake i runga i te pūtake o te hua o te rangahau kitenga tuhia ranei.

tikanga

kakau ana tēnei huarahi i te meka e i te puta pūtaiao senituli XVI-XVIII (me i tenei wa i hanga nga ariā taketake o te iho āhuatanga) ki te whakahē ratou ake huarahi, rite te ātete ki te mahi roa-whakapumautia o te whakakitenga fakalotu o te ao. Noatia, te tahi atu ara atu i te pato'iraa i te matauranga priori o te pūngāwerewere, e kore i te reira.

I tua atu, i kitea ai e empiricism - ko reira ano hoki te tikanga watea mō te kohikohi raraunga tuatahi, rangahau mara, me te haaputuputuraa o meka e te mahuetanga i te tikanga fakalotu o te matauranga o te ao. Empiricism faatura tenei i roto i whakamatauria ki te waiho i te tikanga watea, tuku he momo o sciences, whakaatu tuatahi tona autocephaly i roto i te pā ana ki te mysticism, a ka me mana motuhake i roto i rite ki te matauranga whānui ki te theorize mutunga rawa ake Middle.

māngai

Kei te whakapono te reira e kua hanga empiricism i roto i te rapunga whakaaro he āhuatanga hinengaro hou e tukua pūtaiao ki te tiki i te tupono pai mō te whanaketanga motuhake. Heoi, e kore e ahei kia whakakahore tetahi etahi rerekētanga o whakaaro i roto i nga empiricists e te kimi i te tātai tino pai ki te whakamārama i te perception tairongo o te ao.

Hei tauira, Frensis Bekon, tika te nei whakaaro te kaiwhakarewa o perception tairongo, whakaaro, e empiricism - e kore te mea tika i te ara ki te whiwhi mōhiotanga hou, me te riro wheako mahi, engari ano hoki he wāhi ki te whakarite i te matauranga pūtaiao. Ki te awhina o te tikanga o te arataki , i hanga e ia te nganatanga tuatahi ki te whakarōpū i pūtaiao katoa mohiotia i te tauira o te hītori, whiti (philology) me, o te akoranga, rapunga whakaaro.

Thomas Hobbes, i tahuri, i toe i roto i te tauira āhuatanga tamata Bacon ki te hoatu i te titauraa taumauri mō te hiranga mahi. Heoi, i tona titauraa mau arahina ki te hanga o te ariā hou tōrangapū (te ariā o te kirimana pāpori) me te pūtaiao ka tōrangapū i roto i tona ahua hou.

Hoki George Berkeley o mea, arā, huri noa te ao, e kore te tīariari tautika. Knowledge o te ao, ko te taea anake i roto i te tikanga o te wheako rongo o te Atua. Ko te kupu, empiricism - he hoki reira he momo motuhake o te matauranga pūngāwerewere, i tu ke mai ki te mau parau tumu huarahi taketake whakatakotoria iho atu Francis Bacon. 'I hono kehé, Kei te korero tatou e pā ana ki whakaora o te iho Platonic: he ki tonu i te whakaaro, me wairua, kua mohio a nei, engari e kore e ki te mohio te ao. No reira, nga ture o te natura - noa i te "paihere" o whakaaro me wairua, e kore atu.

rationalism

I roto i te rerekē ki empiricism, ka mohiotia e rationalism tuatahi ariā i roto i te pā ana ki te wheako mahi. Ko taea Knowledge anake i te tikanga o te take me te empiricism - te reira i te haki tika o waihanga rationalist, hanga e matou take. E kore te mea poitirere tenei huarahi, whakaaro te "pāngarau", te take o te tikanga tuaka. Pāngarau rawa waitara, a konei - te painga tūturu i runga i te wheako kouma.

He aha te mea te kotahitanga o ngā tirohanga?

Heoi, kia tuhia te reira e empiricism me rationalism o onopooni whakaturia ratou te taua whāinga: whakaoranga i te Katorika, a pono mārika fakalotu. No reira, i piri te whāinga - te hanga o te matauranga pono pūtaiao. Kua whiriwhiria empiricists anake te ara o te hanganga o ngā mahi fakaetangatá, e ka riro te pūtake o te humanities. Notemea haere nga rationalists i nga tapuwae o te matauranga tūturu-pūtaiao. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, te pera-ka karanga "tangohia" pūtaiao - he hua o te ara tuaka o te whakaaro.