HangangaPūtaiao

Humanities me tautohetohe e pā ana ki tona tūranga i roto i te rau tau rua tekau

Kōrero e pā ana ki te pono, rongonui i roto i te rau tau rua tekau, i hoatu ara ki raruraru ki te antinomy hou. Ko te kitea o te psychoanalysis i āwhina taui i te reira i te tikanga o te maimoatanga i roto i te parau haapiiraa taumauri me hinengaro o te hononga i waenganui i te mohio, me te kohatu i roto i te tangata. whawhati huarahi kiko te māramatanga tuku iho o te pono, no te mea i whakapono ia e te parau mau o tetahi ariā ko ona "kaha mo te mahi", e ko te pehea he reira e tika ana i roto i te wheako whaiaro. Otiia ko te tino rongonui te rapunga whakaaro o te pūtaiao me te hangarau, kua hoatu nei i te ngakau o nga raruraru ao meinga e te Str. Ko te tutukitanga waewae i waenganui i te kura ngā o whakaaro hei te humanities.

kaupapa analytic ka mau categorical tūranga auhia-scientistic. ka mea ia e mohio pūtaiao he anake te taea. positivism arorau, faahoho'ahia e Russell, Carnap, nga māngai o te Vienna Circle whakamahia te taputapu o te arorau pāngarau ki te waihanga i tētahi reo motuhake. I mahara ia ki te mahi anake ki ngā ariā verifiable. Mai i ratou ko reira taea ki te hanga i te hanganga arorau ōrite e e "taea te aro ki" rite ariā. Ko reira mārama e te momo tuku iho i roto i tenei huarahi, ko, me te mea i muri. Otiia e kore e katoa te e. tāia hoki te ariā o "kēmu reo" Wittgenstein me ana kau muimuí te incompatibility o pekanga tūturu me pāngarau ki te "pūtaiao o te wairua."

Nuinga mārama faaite tenei au e i roto i te ariā o Karl Popper. whakaaro ia nga momo anake tono a tōtika whakakahore ratou te tika ki te ariā. Ko te kaituhi o te "hapori tuwhera" e hāngai ana i runga i rua take. Tuatahi, i tetahi systematization i roto i te ao fakaetangatá he tuakiri rawa, a tuarua - pangia te pūtaiao "holism", e hanga ratou e kore e whakaahua te meka me ki te rapu i etahi ahua o te tapatahi kore-te moti. I tua atu, he noatia ratou. Na reira, patua Popper runga ake i nga pau katoa o tenei rohe o te matauranga tangata. Humanities - whakawakia te tangata tohe - hinengaro mākahi. Kei te hāngai te reira i runga i noatia ongo me nga hiahia e matapo, wehenga, me te whakaware kōrero.

Heoi, e kore e whakawarenga enei tukanga katoa, me te rongonui o te hononga ritenga ki te humanities. i hanga tenei huarahi te mata o te rau tau rua tekau, e kore iti rawa, e Popper. Kei te korero tatou e pā ana ki te kaiwhakarewa o nga hermeneutics taumauri o Hans-Georg Gadamer. Whakaae e faufaa rerekē katoa pūtaiao māori, me te tangata i roto i te tikanga o te tikanga, e kore te mea whakaaro whanaketanga kino, me te pai tangata tohe. I roto i te pāngarau, te ahupūngao, hanga koiora ariā kei te rite ki te tikanga. Na whakatika te whakamutunga i te matauranga o ture, me te tüao (causal) hononga. Tenei mai te tūranga o te momo, ko e he ofi ki te ora tūturu, ki te iwi, me o ratou mau mana'o ratou pono. Hoki te ariā o pekanga tūturu te mea matua - hāngai reira ki te meka. A mo nga momo, pērā i hītori - riro kitea te kokonga, ina e te mauri o te hui ano atu tona kakahu.

Gadamer tetahi o te tuatahi ki te hoki ki te ariā te tae pai o "mana". Ko tenei te mea hanga te "pūtaiao o te wairua," aha e ratou. I roto i tenei rohe, e kore e taea e tatou e matau ki waho ki te awhina o matua, a no te mea iho whai wāhi tino nui mo tatou. Kei te āwhina anake to tatou rationality tatou ki te whiriwhiri i te mana ki ai tatou whakawhirinaki. Na te whakarerenga iho e whai tatou. A tenei kotahitanga o mua me te hakari, ko te tūranga o te humanities.

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