Albert Hoffman - kēmihi Swiss, papa o LSD: A Biography

Albert Hofmann, te kēmihi Swiss nei i hoatu te LSD ao, te taonga psychotropic kaha tino mohiotia inaianei, mate i roto i April 2008 i tona whare ki runga ki te maunga e tata ana Basel, Switzerland. Ko ia 102 tau.

E ai ki a Rick Doblin, kaiwhakarewa me te Kaiwhakahaere Matua o te rōpū maha-faatitiaifaroraa o te rangahau takawhīwhiwhi, e hāngai ana i roto i California, ko te take o te mate i te whakaeke ngakau. Tenei whakahaere i roto i 2005 nene'i te pukapuka, i roto i 1979 whakaputaina te Albert Hoffman, "toku Problem Child LSD."

kaipūtaiao Swiss tuatahi synthesized te pūhui waikawa lysergic i roto i 1938, engari e kore kua kitea ona pānga psychopharmacological tae noa ki e rima tau i muri mai, whakamahia aitua ia he taonga e kei i te ke fakafepaki◊i o ka mohiotia rite "waikawa" te 1960.

Na ka tangohia e ia rau LSD o nga wa, engari i kite te reira rite te tarukino psychotropic faatura tono kaha, me te pea mōrearea. Otiia ko atu nui atu i te ahuareka o te wheako takawhīwhiwhi ki a ia te uara o te tarukino hei āwhina ki te fakakaukauloto me te māramatanga o te mea ka karangatia e ia te kotahitanga o te taata nei ki te natura. Tenei perception, i haere mai ki a Dr. Hoffman tata te Ihowā te whakapono i roto i te tamarikitanga, tataki te nuinga o tona ora whaiaro, me te ngaio.

māramatanga

whanau Albert Hofmann i roto i Baden, he pa huihui i roto i te raki o Switzerland, January 11, 1906 ko ia te mātāmua o ngā tamariki e wha. Tona papa, ko wai i kahore mātauranga teitei, ko te toolmaker i roto i te wheketere rohe, a noho ana i te whānau i roto i te fare tarahu. Otiia pau Albert te nuinga o tona wa e manawapa ki runga ki te huarahi.

I haereere ia i roto i nga maunga i runga ake i te pa, a takaro i nga wahi kua ururuatia o te Habsburg "Stein" Castle. "He ko he tino paradaiso - ka mea ia i roto i te uiuiraa i roto i te 2006. - I matou kahore moni, engari i ahau he tamarikitanga faahiahia ".

I roto i tetahi o ana hīkoi i ia te Ihowā.

"A Haratua ata - kua wareware ahau te tau, engari tonu e taea akatainuia i te wahi i reira i tupu ai, i runga i te ara hīkoi i roto i te ngahere e tata ana Martinsburg, - tuhituhi ia i roto i tona pukapuka. - I haere ana ahau i roto i nga ngahere ki rau hou, ki tonu i te manu, me te tahuna e te ra ata, me katoa o te ohorere tahuri atu ki te hei i te marama rerekē mārama. ka mau Nature kanapatanga tino ataahua, ka pa ki te ngakau, me te mea hiahia ia ki te tae tona nui ki ahau. i ki tonu ahau ki te sensation mafakamatalai o te hari, kotahitanga me te ata noho i fariihia e ".

Ahakoa ko te papa o Hoffman te Katorika me tona whaea - he Palotisani, whakapono ia i te wawe tau, i ngaro karakia te mea tino nui. I 7 8 ranei nga tau ia, a Albert e korero ana ki te hoa e pā ana ki mēnā ko Ihu te atua. "Ka mea ahau e kore ahau i whakapono ki reira, engari me waiho te Atua, no te mea i reira te mea he ao, me te tangata e hanga ia, - ka mea ia. - E ahau he hononga hohonu rawa ki te natura ".

Ko te kōwhiringa o te tikanga

haere Hoffman i ki ako matū i te University o Zurich, rite hiahia ia ki te tūhura i te ao i ngā taumata i reira ngā nga mea timatanga pūngao me te matū ki te waihanga ora. I roto i te 1929, ka ko ia 23 anake, riro ia he toketā i roto i te rapunga whakaaro. Na ka mau ia ki te mahi i "Sandoz" taiwhanga i Basel, te wahi i ngā ia e te hōtaka i runga i te kōtuitui o ngā matū rongoā i tipu hei rongoā.

"Day o te pahikara"

I te mahi ki te ergot patu rai, tutuki ia ki runga ki LSD, me te ati Paraire ahiahi i roto i Paengawhāwhā 1943 whakamahia te tarukino roto. Aita i maoro roa ite e ia he āhua rereke o mahara, rite ki taua i ite e ia kia rite ki te tamaiti.

Te Rāhina e whai ake nei, LSD Albert Hofmann āta ka mau. timata te faaineineraa mahi, i te pahikara ia te kāinga. Taua ra, Aperira 19, i muri mai tahuti ore e te tarukino runaruna. huaina ratou i te reira i te "Day o te pahikara."

Matū te heheuraa

hanga Dr. Hoffman kua atu taero nui, tae atu metergin whakamahia mo te maimoatanga o te kulukia toto - te take matua o te mate i roto i te whanau. Otiia ko reira āhua LSD tona mahi me tona titauraa i te pae varua.

"Ngā mihi ki toku mau mana'o, no te tango LSD me toku pikitia hou o mooni, ua ite e ahau te semeio o te orokohanga, te kororia o te natura, me te ao kararehe, - ka mea a Hoffman, he tākuta Stanislav Grof i 1984. - ka e ahau rawa tairongo ki te mea kei te haere ki te hoko ki tenei katoa me ki te katoa o tatou ".

raau taero mo'a

ka Dr. Hoffman he environmentalist u'ana. ka mea ia e kore te mea noa te taputapu tino i roto i te mate hinengaro LSD, engari e taea te whakamahi ki te faaara i te mōhio o te wahi o te iwi i roto i te natura, ki te aukati i te whakangaromanga o te natura.

Otiia i rite i āwangawanga ia te tipu whakamahi o te LSD rite te tarukino hoki whakangahau. E ai ki a ia, kia whakamahia te tarukino me te hapori i tahito whakamahia tipu tapu Psychoactive - āta me ki ngā koronga wairua.

I muri i te kitea o te āhuatanga o te taonga psychotropic Albert Hofmann pau nga tau ako otaota tapu. Fakataha ki tona hoa Gordon Wasson, whai wāhi ia i roto i ngā tikanga takawhīwhiwhi shamans mesatekov i te tonga Mexico. i taea e ki te synthesize te kaha psilocybe pūhui mushroom mexicana ia, ka karangatia e ia psilocin me psilocybin. I tua atu, kua tohaina te kēmihi te hohe purapura wāhanga panahi nei i whakamahia hoki Mazatec hei intoxicant, a kitea e he rite ki te LSD tona hanganga matū.

I roto i te wā takawhīwhiwhi patua ake Hoffman he auhoaraa ki taua tuakiri faahiahia rite Timoti liri, Allen Ginsberg ko Oldos Haksli, e, he i runga i te mimiha o te mate i roto i 1963, ka ui ia ki tona wahine, ki te hoatu ki a ia he werohanga o te LSD ki te hiki i te mamae i te mate pukupuku korokoro.

tuku iho

Heoi, ahakoa te moni i roto i pūhui LSD Psychoactive papa noho ki te mutunga i te kēmihi Swiss. I roto i te taiwhanga, "Sandoz," arahina e ia i te Natural Medicines Tari Rangahau noa tona whakatānga i te tau 1971.

Tuhituhia i runga i te rau tuhinga pūtaiao, fa'u e Albert Hoffman. Pukapuka whakatapua ki te kēmihi Swiss matū hallucinogenic. I roto i "Eleusis: e tuu i te ouau" (1978) tohe ia e te maha o tikanga fakalotu Kariki tahi e te whakamahi o harore hallucinogenic. Ia ano tahi-tuhituhi "Botany me Chemistry o Hallucinogens" Pukapuka (1973), "Plants o te Atua: nga takenga mai o te whakamahi o hallucinogens" (1979). I roto i te 1989 kite ahau i te marama o tona pukapuka Insight / Outlook (1989) e pā ana ki te tirohanga o mooni, me te mahi o "Elixir o Hoffmann: LSD me te Eleusis hou" i whakaputaina i muri i tona matenga (2008).

Albert Hoffman ko tana wahine, Anita, e mate i mua tata i tona matenga, i whakaarahia i roto i Basel wha tamariki. mate Tama a te waipiro i roto i '53. Hoffman ite e rave rahi mokopuna me mokopuna nui.

Ahakoa ka karanga te kēmihi Swiss LSD "rongoa mo te wairua", i 2006 i te ra, i te tango ia hallucinogens, kua mahue roa ki muri. "E matau ana ahau ki LSD; e kore e hiahia ana ahau ki te tango i reira i runga i - ka mea ia, ka tapiritia, -. pea ka mate ahau rite Oldos Haksli " E ai ki a ia, e kore e LSD awe ana whakaaro e pā ana ki te mate. "I muri i te mate, ka hoki ki te wahi i ahau i mua i whanau ai hei ahau, e te katoa."

Albert Hoffman: korukī

Kei raro ko etahi kupu mohiotia kēmihi Swiss.

• haere tahi te kukuwhatanga o te taata nei e te tupu me te roha o te mahara.
• LSD - Ko anake he tikanga ki te hanga tatou nei kia tatou.
• Haere ki te mara, haere ki nga kari, e haere i roto i te ngahere. Kia puaki tou kanohi!
• korero te Atua anake ki te hunga e matau tona reo.
• whakapono ahau e, ki te ako te iwi ki te whakamahi i moemoea o whakaongaonga o LSD i te rongoā, me te he atu whaitake whakaaroaro, i raro i etahi tikanga, tenei tamaiti raruraru i taea e te prodigy tamaiti.
• Te mahara - ko te mea homai noa a te Atua ki te taata nei.