Empress Maria Alexandrovna (wahine o Alexander II): biography, whakaahua

whanau Future Empress Maria Alexandrovna i roto i 1824 i roto i Darmstadt - te whakapaipai o Hessen. Baby ko Maximilian Vilgeminoy Augusta Sofiey Mariey.

takenga

ko he Tiamana, Ludwig II (1777-1848) tona papa - Grand Duke o Heesi me te Rhine. haere mai ia ki te mana i muri i te Hōngongoi Revolution.

te whaea o te kotiro, ko Vilgelmina Badenskaya (1788-1836). ko ia he Māori o Baden Tseringenov kāinga. I roto i te marae i reira nga hau e ana tamariki o muri, tae atu Maximilian, i whanau i te hononga ki tetahi o nga Barons rohe. Ludwig II - tane Official - whakaae ia rite tana tamahine, ki te karo i te take whakama. Otiia, ka anga te kotiro ki tona teina Alexander ki ora wehe i tona papa, me tona noho i roto i Darmstadt. Tenei pae "hononga" Kua riro Heiligenberg, i puritia e te whaea o Wilhelmina.

Hui Alexander II

I nga Romanovs i rongonui marenatia dynastic ki rangatira Tiamana. Hei tauira, te mua o Meri - Alexandra (wahine o Nicholas ahau) - ko te tamahine o te kingi o mua. Na, rawa, ko te wahine o te emepera Russian whakamutunga i roto o te whare o Heesi. Na ki tenei whakamārama, marenatia te whakatau o Alexander II te wahine Tiamana i te rangatiratanga iti e kore e mea ke.

Empress Maria Alexandrovna tutaki tana tane i mua nei i roto i Maehe 1839, ka ko ia 14 tau, ka ko ia - 18. I taua wa, Alexander rite te kainga ki te torona hanga he haerenga tuku iho mō te tūhura i te whare rangatira rohe. Tamahine o te Duke o Heesi, tutaki ia i roto i te tākaro "vestal".

Me pēhea te ki te houhanga rongo i te faaipoiporaa

I muri timata Alexander teiti i roto i te pukapuka ki te kukume i te mau metua ki te hunga whakaaetanga i homai ki te marena te Tiamana. Heoi, ko te whaea ki te hononga taua o te Karauna Prince. raruraru ia hau o te takenga tia ore o te kotiro. Emperor Nicholas, i runga i te anga ke, kua whakaritea e kore ki te mahi te oho, a ki te whakaaro āta.

Ko te meka i tana tama, Alexander kē i te wheako kino i roto i to outou oraraa whaiaro. hinga ia i roto i te aroha ki kotiro o te marae olgu Kalinovskuyu. i kaha ātete ngā mātua ki te hononga taua mo take tino e rua. Tuatahi o te katoa, tenei kotiro kua he takenga ohie. Tuarua, ko reira ano hoki te Katorika. Na Alexander ki a ia panaia wehea, ka tono tangata ki a Europe, tika hoki te meka e i taea ki te kitea i te rōpū e tika ana ia.

Heoi kihai riri Nicholas ki te aituä reira, a kahore e whatiia ano te ngakau o tana tama. Engari, ka anga ia ki te ui i roto i te taipitopito e pā ana ki te kaitiaki kotiro Alexander Kavelina me pehe Vasiliya Zhukovskogo, haere tahi mono i runga i tona ara. A, no te riro te kingi urupare pai, aru tonu i te tikanga a tawhio noa te iari e a muri ake riria ki te tuwha i tetahi hau e pā ana ki te rangatira hipora.

Tenei whakahau i ki whakarongo ara te Empress Alexandra Feodorovna. Na ka whakaritea e ia ia ki te haere ki Darmstadt ki maheni-mua ki te tamahine. Ko reira rangona o te hui - e kore i taua tupu i roto i te hītori Russian.

Te matawaka me ngā ngākau nuitanga

hanga Future Empress Maria Alexandrovna he mana'o nui i runga i tona mua. I muri i te hui o te whakaae ki te marena, i whiwhi.

He aha te na ngā ki ētahi atu o te kotiro Tiamana? Kua mahue te whakamārama tino taipitopito o tona ahua tinana i roto i tona tohinoa, tana pononga o te honore Anna Tiutchev (tamahine o te punake rongonui). E ai ki a ia, i te Empress Maria Alexandrovna he akiākinga whakatarapi, makawe ataahua me kanohi ngawari nui kanohi puru. Ki tenei whakamārama, ka titiro reira he bit ngutu kikokore ke, e maha nei tuhituhi te ataata korokē.

i te kotiro i te mōhiotanga hohonu o te waiata, me te tuhinga Pākehā. Tona mātauranga me te whanui o ngā ngākau nuitanga i hanga te ongo i runga i nga etahi katoa, a ka mahue he tokomaha te iwi ratou arotake rave i roto i te puka o pukapuka. Hei tauira, ka mea kaituhi Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy e te Empress o tona matauranga e kore anake tu i roto i te tahi atu wahine, engari ara kite he outperforms maha nga tangata.

Ko te ahua o te marae, me te marena

ka mau te marena wahi hohoro i muri i noho nga ōkawa katoa. tae te wahine marena hou i roto i St Petersburg i 1840, ka ko marama maongo tino me ataahua o te whakapaipai Russian. I roto i te Hakihea whāngai reira Siu Karaitiana me i te bapetizoraa i riro te ingoa o Maria Alexandrovna. Ko te ra rawa i muri mai i reira ko te marenatanga i waenganui ia me te kainga ki te torona. tango te wahi i te tau i muri mai, i roto i te 1841-m i te marena. I tū te reira i roto i te Ekalesia Cathedral, kei roto i te Winter Palace o St Petersburg. Na ko reira tetahi o nga ruma o te Hermitage, te wahi i reira he whakaaturanga auau.

i pakeke ki te wahi i ki te ora hou no te mea o te arai reo, me te wehi kore rite papa-i roto i-ture te kotiro. Pehea ka whakina e ia i nga ra katoa pau Maria i runga i titi, me ngira, ongo'i "tūao", rite ki te rere ki hea e te kupu ohorere, pērā i te fariiraa ohorere. ora High i roto i te whānui he pikaunga ki te rangatira i karauna me muri mai Empress. I matua herea te reira ki tana tahu, me tamariki, tamata ahau ki kia whai wāhi anake i roto i te tikanga ki te āwhina i a ratou, kaua ki te maumauria e te wā i runga i ōkawa.

puta hoa faaipoipo koroneihana i roto i 1856 i muri i te matenga o Nicholas I. i hoatu toru tekau Maria Alexandrovna he mana hou, i wehi ia i te wa katoa, ko ia te tamahine o te kingi.

pūāhua

To'utangatá tuhia nga painga maha e i te Empress, Empress Maria Alexandrovna. Tenei aroha, whakarongo ki te iwi, pono i roto i nga kupu, i te mahi. Otiia ko te nui tino me nui te tikanga o te hopoi'a, ki nei ia i noho i te marae, a kawea te taitara puta noa tona ora. Ka hāngai ia mahi ki tona mana emepaea.

Ia mau tonu ngā tikanga karakia a ko te tino karakia. Kei te pera nui tu tenei āhuatanga i roto i roto i te huru o te Empress e ona nui māmā ki te whakaaro i te tāupo'ou atu rangatira nunui o. Hei tauira, Ludwig II (Kingi o Bavaria) tuhia e karapotia Maria A. Tapu i te āwheo. Ko tenei whanonga i roto i te maha ngā huarahi kihai i pai ki tona mana, kia rite i roto i tokomaha o te kāwanatanga take (ara ōkawa) hiahiatia tona aroaro, ahakoa tona tango i te whanonga madding mano.

te aroha

i mohiotia hoki tona aroha whānui - te nuinga o Empress Maria Alexandrovna - wahine Alexandra 2. Puta noa i te whenua, i te utu whakatuwheratia hōhipera, wharau, me te kura, e riro te epithet "Mariinsky". Katoa whakatuwheratia e ia, a whanga ana i nga hōhipera 5, 36 orphanages, 12 Tūroro, 5 atawhai. E kore tinihanga tiaki Ariki, me te mātauranga 2 Institute i hanga, kura tatini wha, rau o ngā kura iti mō kaimahi me kaimahi, etc. I roto i tenei moni Maria Alexandrovna, moni e rua tūmatanui, me te tūmataiti (i tukuna ai 50 000 moni hiriwa te tau .. hoki utu whaiaro).

kua meinga tiaki hauora he wāhi ngā o te mahi, mahi nei i roto i te Empress Maria Alexandrovna. Kua puta te Red Cross i Russia i tīmataria e ia. Ana tūao Ua tauturu te hoia i werohia i roto i te whawhai i roto i Bulgaria ki Turkey i 1877-1878.

Ko te mate o tana tamahine, me te tama

He ati nui mo te whānau kingi i roto i te matenga o te kainga ki te torona. Empress Maria Alexandrovna - Alexandra 2 wahine - ka hoatu e tana wahine o waru tamariki. whanau te tama matamua Nicholas i roto i 1843, e rua nga tau i muri i te marena, ka ko te kingi ano i'oa o tona koroua.

taa ê tamaiti hinengaro koi me te pūāhua ahuareka, hoki i aroha ai ia e te mau melo atoa o te utuafare. I whai wāhi kē ia, ka kuraina rite ki te hua o te aituā whara tona hoki. He maha ngā putanga o te mea i tupu. Ranei hinga Nicholas atu he hoiho hit te tepu mapere i roto i te pakanga kōmeke ki tona hoa ranei. I te tuatahi, ko e kitea te whara, engari i runga i te wā, ka taitea te kainga, a ite kino. I tua atu, tukinotia taote he ia - rongoā whakaritea mo te rūmātiki, e kore e nei whai hua, hoki ehara i te mea te take pono o te mate i tāutuhia. I maoro i herea Nicholas ki te wīra. Ko reira he ahotea, e wehingia ana i tukua e Empress Maria Alexandrovna. i muri i te matenga o tona tamahine Alexandra, nei mate o te meningitis mate a tama ko te tuatahi. Ko tonu te whaea i raro i Nicholas, ara, no ka takoto ki te tonoa ia ki a Nice mo te maimoatanga o kohi o te tuaiwi, te wahi mate ia i 22 tau.

Meangiti o whanaunga ki tana tane

ite rua Arehanera me Meri i to ratou ake ara ki uaua tenei mate. whakahengia te Emperor ia mo ka hanga tana tama te mahi i te rota o te whakangungu tinana, tetahi wahi hoki o te mea me reira ko te aituā. Kotahi ara ranei tetahi, engari kua ngakaukore te ati hoa faaipoipo i te tahi e te tahi atu.

Ko te raruraru e katoa ratou ora i mua nei tahi ngā o te taua tikanga. I roto i te ata, ko reira te āpiha ohipa te kihi me te korero noa o ngā take dynastic. I roto i te ra tutaki te tokorua ki tetahi atu parade. ahiahi Empress pau ki ngā tamariki, me te tonu ngaro taku tahu ki runga ki te mahi kāwanatanga. aroha e ia te whānau, engari he reira noa e kore te wa nui i roto i te utuafare, e kore i taea e nei te āwhina fakatokanga'i Maria Alexandrovna. I ngana te Empress Alexandra ki te āwhina i roto i te mahi, ina koa i roto i te tīmatanga o te tau.

Na (i te timatanga o te kingitanga o) koa runanga ki tana wahine o maha rongoā te kingi. ko mōhio o te pūrongo Minita hou tonu ia. Nuinga o ngā wā, āwangawanga tona tohutohu te pūnaha mātauranga. Ko te nuinga e tika ana ki te mahi atawhai whakahaeretia e te Empress Maria Alexandrovna tenei. Na riro te whanaketanga o te mātauranga i roto i enei tau i te pana tūturu mua. kura whakatuwheratia, ka haere mai te uru ki a ratou i te peasants, i, i roto i era atu mea, fakatau'atāina'i hoki i serfdom raro Alexander.

i te Empress i tenei pūkete te whakaaro tino ohaoha, i i wehea, hei tauira, ki Kavelin, korero ia e kaha tautoko ana tana tane i roto i tona hiahia ki te hoatu i te kaihe haere noa Russian tino maha.

Heoi, ki te haerenga mai o te Faaiteraa (1861) Empress hoko fetu'utaki mo e kakaí iti āwangawanga no o te tautauā o whanaunga ki tana tane. I hono te reira ki te āhua-feliliuaki o Romanov. piki rokohanga Kingi e kowhetewhete i roto i te whare e ia maha rawa titiro ki te whakaaro o tana wahine, e kei te raro tona rekereke. Tenei te māngeongeo te Alexander herekore-aroha. I tua atu, i te taitara o tangata mārō ia takoto ia ki te tango i whakatau ratou ake i pai anake e, kahore kōrero tangata. Ko reira e pā ana ki te āhua o te kaha i roto i Russia, i whakapono ki te kua homai e te Atua i te anake i whakawahi ai. Otiia ko tonu te āputa i tūturu i waenganui i te tokorua ki te haere mai.

Ekaterina Dolgorukova

I roto i te tau 1859, kawea Alexander II i nekeneke i roto i te wahi tonga o te Empire (inaianei Ukraine) - tohua te 150 o te pakanga o Poltava. mutu te Emperor te toro i te whare kikī o te Dolgorukovy rongonui. Tenei iwi ko te peka o nga rangatira Rurik. Ko, ona māngai he whanaunga tawhiti o nga Romanovs. Otiia i roto i te waenganui o te whānau gentility XIX rautau i roto i te tarahu, pera i roto i maeneene, me tona matenga o Prince Mikaera reira he kotahi anake rawa - Teplovka.

ka haere mai te Emperor ki a awhinatia Dolgoruky, i roto i ngā, hoatu ana tama ki te Guard, a tonoa tamahine ki te Smolny Institute, te fafau ki te utu i nga utu o te putea kingi. Na ka tutaki ia te kotahi tekau ma toru Catherine Mikhailovna. I maere te kotiro e tona pākiki, me tona aroha o te ora.

I te tau 1865 ngā utua te ariki he haerenga ki te Smolny Institute mo Noble kotiro. Ko reira ka e ia, i muri i te faafaaearaa roa, ka kite Catherine, e tahuri 18 tau. i tuhia ia mo te ataahua mīharo.

Ko te Emperor, nei i tuku akakoroanga, ka anga unga hoki ona utu i roto i o ratou kaiāwhina. Ia ka ara he haere, me te kite i te Institute incognito, engari i whakaritea e te reira e ko te reira rawa nui, me te kotiro i raro i te take o te hauora kino peia. Na noho ana ia i roto i St Petersburg, a kite te kingi i roto i te Summer Garden. Ia i hanga ara he kotiro o te honore ki te rangatira o te Winter Palace, i te mea hoki te Empress Maria Alexandrovna. Wife o Alexander II pouri hau ngahue ake koiri huri noa te kuao kotiro. I te pae hopea, haere Catherine ki Itari, e kore ki te meinga i te take.

Otiia i tino Alexander. i korero ara ia i te rangatira e e marena ia ia, no te he hakari i te rave'a iho. I roto i te raumati o te tau 1867 tae ia i roto i Paris i te aniraa o Napoleon III. He haere hoki i Itari Dolgoruky.

I roto i te mutunga, tamata te kingi ki te whakamārama ki tona whānau, e hiahia ana ki te kia te tuatahi i rongo Maria Alexandrovna. mea wehe atu Empress o Alexander II me te rangatira o te Winter Palace, tamata ki te pupuri i ake ahua, me te kore e tuku i te pakanga haere ki tua atu i te noho. Heoi, tana tama matamua, ka kainga ki te torona, whakakeke. kihai i faka'ohovale tenei. Ko te heke mai Alexander III taa ê riri pari noa i tau rawa taitamariki. kanga ia tona papa, a ka ia, i roto i tahuri, ka riri.

I roto i te mutunga, kei te oho tonu Catherine ki te Winter Palace, a ka whanau ki tamariki wha o te kingi, e ka riro i te whakaturengia ngā te taitara rangatira. tupu tenei i muri i te wahine tika o te mate o Alexander. Ko te tangihanga o Empress Maria Alexandrovna whakahohea te kingi ki te marena Catherine. riro ia te taitara o Princess me ingoa Yurevskaya (me ana tamariki). Heoi, i poto hari i roto i tenei faaipoiporaa te kingi.

Mate me te mate

takahi Hauora Maria Alexandrovna i roto i ngā huarahi maha. Ko wahi o whanau ana, tane Tinihanga tenei, te mate o tana tama, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki te āhuarangi raw o Petersburg, ki nei kihai i rite i roto i te tau tuatahi o te tere te tuwhena Tiamana. No te mea o tenei, ka timata ia kohi, me te te rohirohi io. E ai ki te kupu tohutohu whaiaro o te tākuta, whakaturia he wahine atu nga raumati i roto i te tonga o Crimea, te wahi i te āhuarangi ki te āwhina hinga ia te mate. Neke atu i te wa, te wahine, ko te tata i roto o mahi. Ko tētahi o nga wā whakamutunga o te whai wāhitanga i roto i te ora tūmatanui ko te haerenga ki te kaunihera hōia i roto i te aroraa ki Turkey i roto i 1878.

I roto i nga tau o Alexander II tonu, ka whai nei kia whakamatea tahae me rererangi. puta Kotahi pahūtanga i roto i te ruma kai o te Winter Palace, engari ko te Empress kia mate e kore i ara kite ia i te reira, e takoto ana i roto i ona ruma. Tana tane ora anake te mea i reira te mutunga i tona tari, e poka ki te peu ki kai i te wa i whakaritea. wehi tamau mo te ora o tana tane i aroha ai kai nga toenga o te hauora, e te nona tonu Maria Alexandrovna. Empress photo nei i taua wa whakakitea he mārama huringa i roto i tona ahua, kua riro te reira kikokore, me te rite, kaua tona atarangi, nui atu i te tangata i roto i te tinana.

I roto i te puna o 1880 hopea hinga ia kino, i tana tane oho ki Tsarskoye selo ki Dolgorukova. whakanohoia e ia tana wahine toronga poto, heoi e kore e taea e te āwhina reira, ki te whakapai ake te hopoia ia huru. Kohi ko te take he aha i mate ia, Empress Maria Alexandrovna. Haurongo tenei wahine ta e tona ora tapahi i poto i roto i te taua tau, Hune 3, i roto i te kāhua hou.

kitea whakamutunga rerenga o te wahine o Alexander II i runga i te whakarerenga iho dynastic i roto i a Pita, a Paora Cathedral. timata te hunaraa o Empress Maria Alexandrovna tangi kaupapa mo te whenua katoa, e aroha ia fakamātoato.

ora poto Alexander te wahine tuatahi. I roto i te 1881, ka mate ia i muri i te werohia e te poma maka ki tona kaiwhakatuma waewae. I tanumia te kingi i muri ki Mariey Aleksandrovnoy.