Ētita vi: whakahau, ako, te whakatakoto

He whakatupuranga hou o rorohiko rite tetahi hanga i runga i te pūnaha turanga whakahaere ki te atanga kauwhata. I teie mahana, e kore ara katoa mahara e etahi 40 matahiti i teie nei, mahi whakahaere katoa i te whakamahi i whakahau kuputuhi motuhake, a ko te mahi ki te rorohiko kia rite ki te kōrero kotahi-ara i roto i te kōrerorero. A ahakoa nga huringa nui i roto i te ao o te hikohiko, i reira i tokomaha pā raina-whakahau te whakahaere anake, me hua te whakamahi i whakahau kuputuhi. Hei tauira, te ētita vi, whakaaro nei tetahi o nga taputapu tino watea, me te ngāwari mō te pato i tenei ra. I roto i te whai ake i te titiro ki runga ki te rauemi e tohu vi. Tohutohu ki te ētita, te whakahau taketake me kaha - i tenei katoa i muri mai.

He aha te mea vi?

I tona matua, vi he mea ke atu i te ētita kuputuhi matarohia, o nei i reira e rave rahi i roto i te wā i te tīmatanga o 70 o ki te mutunga o 90 o i. Tenei yl ngā whakawhanakehia i roto i te tau 1976. Ko te whakaaro ki te whakatū i te ētita kuputuhi māmā hou ka tae ki te upoko Pire Joy o, i reira i whakamahia i tetahi atu hua rongonui - ed. E ai ki a Joey me ana hoa, ko uaua rawa ed me te "te tangata" e kore i taea rangatira reira tino. Hoki tenei take, hanga Dzhordzh Koloris ona ake ētita kuputuhi, i ho'i i huaina "te ētita mō te tangata", ka ka ki whakakē Pire reira ka arahina ki te whakaaro hou, e vai ki tenei ra.

whakaritenga pūnaha

E kore čnei, mo te whanaketanga o te rārangi whakahau me ētita kuputuhi rite kore vi te tīariari. Ka taea e koe te tīmata i te wahanga, me te ki runga ki tetahi turanga, ahakoa he reira pūnaha UNIX-rite (me "marau" i ratou) ranei tuwha e hāngai ana i runga i Linux. I roto i ia o ratou e taea e koe whakaturia vi i roto i te tahi mau puka atu ranei. tīari hoki Vi ētita mō Windows.

kōwhiringa kiritaki

I mua i te tīmata koe te mahi ki vi, me tīpako koe i te kiritaki e tika ana. O te akoranga, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i me te ētita taketake, engari ka iti te reira i roto i te whānuitanga, me titiro te reira uaua rawa, reira, kia whakarongo ki te tono e whai ake nei:

• VIM - he putanga whakarerekētia o te ētita matarohia. Ko te āhuatanga matua o te hōtaka, ko te kaha ki te whakatakotoria toronga ritenga, pērā i te wetereo miramira, tautoko Waehereao, tautoko hoki tonotono, whakaora wātū takitahi, me te nui atu. He he ano hoki te putanga ki te atanga whakairoiro huaina GVim.
• Elvis - tetahi o nga iramate tuatahi o vi, tuhituhia i roto i C reo papatono me he wātea ana i runga i ngä tüäpapa katoa i kotahi. Ko te he ētita mata tonu e tautoko pūkaha Windows me wetereo.
• Tutua - he whakamātau ki te whakakotahi i te pai o rua ētita kuputuhi rongonui. I roto i te kaiwhakamahi o ētita kuputuhi Emacs me vi reira ko te matou whawhai tūmataiti. Kua tamata Ville ngā ki te whakakotahi i te āhuatanga matua o ngā hōtaka e rua i roto i te tikanga ki te whakarato i ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te taputapu pūkenga mō te mahi ki te kuputuhi.
• Nvi - ētita Classic i runga i te vi, recompiled mō ngā pūnaha FreeBSD.
• Neke - Ko reira e kore noa te kiritaki kotahi, engari he monomai anake mo te Emacs ētita kuputuhi rongonui e taea ki a koe pee i te ētita kuputuhi, whakahau vi.

Getting Started ki vi

Pea ki te mahi ki te ētita noa e kore e whai ki te tiki i tetahi mea. Te nuinga Linux-tuwha mai ki vi ngā. Mau ki te rere noa Me ki te tomo i te whakahau e tika ana, me te tautuhi i te kōnae ki te kia whakatuwheratia. Ki te hiahia koe ki te whakatuwhera i tētahi kōnae i roto i te VIM, he mea e tika ana ki te tuhituhi - «VIM * ingoa kōnae * .txt». i muri tonu i taua, ka kia te aroaro koe he tuhinga. Hei whakatuwhera i te reira i roto i te gui, me whakakapi e koe te kapa i runga i - «gvim * ingoa kōnae * .txt». I te tīmatanga, whiwhi koe ki te whakahau aratau. Editor vi tā mahi i roto i te rua aratau: Whakatika aratau me te aratau whakahau. Kei te whakamahia te tuatahi ki te tomo kuputuhi, me tetahi hoki whakatere me te mahi mahi pērā i te tiaki. Kia tīmata a ki te aratau whakahau me te whakaterenga.

whakaterenga

Hei tīmata, ko te ki te kia maheni ki te mea te whakahau vi etita tukua ki te neke i te pehu i roto i te tuhinga. Te nuinga i whakamahia hoki tenei kī h, j, k, l, e he kawenga mō te kaupapa ki te maui, ki raro, ki runga, me te tika, aua. I roto i te meka, i roto i putanga hou o vi, tae atu VIM me whakairoiro "marau", e tautokona ana e te mahi o te pere, engari akina ia ki te whakamahi i te putanga matarohia, koe e faifai kia whakamahia ki reira, a ite e pera nui tere me te ake watea. Ko te anake āhuatanga e taea meinga whakama - te ngoikore ki te neke ki te raina runga i te h, me te l, ki te neke ake me te iho pātene e whakamahia tonu j me te k. Hei nuku ki te timatanga ranei mutunga o nga mau taviri raina e whakamahia me $ 0. Hei nuku i waenganui i ngā whārangi mā te whakamahi i te mau taviri pokatata Ctrl + F me Ctrl + B.

Hei nuku i waenganui i nga kupu w e whakamahia taviri, e, b. Hei nuku hohoro ki te pūāhua tuatahi o te kupu i muri, pēhia w. Hei nuku ki te huru whakamutunga o te kupu i muri, press E. ki te whare ki te pūāhua tuatahi o te kupu o mua, pēhia b. Here, rawa, i reira te mea he taitā iti. Ko te take i tuwhaina e te ētita kupu matatini nga wāhi wātea, me te tohuwehe ki nga kupu motuhake. Tenei te tikanga e te faaiteraa - e te whakaaro te po-puku e kupu rerekē e toru. I roto i te tikanga e kore e ki te ururua wa i runga i te tupeke puta noa te pīhono, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i whakahau ki reta nui, e ko, W tahi me w B ranei b.

Hoki te hūpeke atu faahiahia whakamahia te '(), me {}. Ko te awhina tuatahi ki te whakatere i waenganui i ngā rerenga kōrero, me ētahi atu i waenganui i ngā kōwae katoa.

Ko te ara tino watea ki te haere - kei te neke te reira i roto i te aho me te kupu matua. Hei nuku i te pehu ki etahi he aho, me tomo koutou he tau aho, me G (waiho reira he G whakapaipai). Hei nuku ki te kupu ngā, e hiahia ana koe ki te timata i tou rapu mā te whakamahi i te / pūāhua. Hei tauira, ki te hiahia koe ki te kitea te kupu anaphora, tomo / anaphora me te pēhi i tomo. Hei nuku i waenganui i nga kupu rapu whakamahia taviri n me N.

Whakarerekē a Tiaki

Hei timata, kitea i roto i pehea ki te tiki ki te vi ētita. Ka taea te mahi i tēnei ki te whakahau: q, e kati noa i te hōtaka, kahore tetahi huringa. E tano ia tapao e kore tata te hōtaka ka mahi ki te i hanga tetahi huringa ki te tuhinga. Tenei ahua o te tiaki ki te ngaronga raraunga, na i mua i mahue kia koe e whakaora tonu nga raraunga tomo. Te tiaki i roto i te kaiwhakatika vi e mahi te ki te whakahau: w. Ka taea te ngā kapa. Hei tauira, patopato: wq, koutou wā kotahi whakaora i te raraunga, me te kati i te hōtaka. Otiia e kore e katoa te e. Ki te hiahia koe ki te whakaora i te tuhinga taui rite te kōnae hou, me te whakamahi koe i te whakahau ētita vi - «ki Whakaorangia kōnae", whakatinana nei e tomo: w * ingoa kōnae * .txt.

Na kia kōrero a pā ana ki te whakatika "ohie", e here ana e te ki whakahau rite, kahore te huri i te tirotiro o te tuhinga. Hei tauira, ki te tango i tetahi pūāhua e whakamahia ana x matua, a kua whakamahia matua J. mō te hononga o te rarangi rua ki ia atu mō te tango o te rarangi katoa te whakamahi i rua mau taviri te pēhi d. Whakakapia pūāhua mā te whakamahi i te r mau taviri.

Tetahi o nga whakahau i runga, ka taea e koe tārua (ranei faahiti rave rahi mau taime), mā te whakamahi i te kī. (Ira). Ko te kupu, hei tauira, e taea te nekehia atu tika wha rārangi tomo dd ....

Ka taea te ngā ēnei whakahau. E matau ana tatou kua e ki te awhina o Whītiki) e taea te neke ki te mutunga o te raina, a ki te awhina o Whītiki}, ka taea e koe peke ki te mutunga o te kōwae. Tuku mahi ki a ratou d matua, ka taea ki te muku rārangi katoa me ngā kōwae kahore wa te maumauria e.

E matau rite vi ētita faaue ki te muku kuputuhi, e hiahia ana koe ki te ako e founga ki te whakahoki mukua katoa (e mohio ana he aha). Hoki tenei whakaaro, te u matua, e taea ai e koe te tango i te taahiraa hoki, pe ko e hā mahi i whakamana i mua (te kore, o te akoranga, e kore ko te katinga o te hōtaka i tēnei).

aratau whakatika

Na e he maheni ki te whakahau ki te whakahaere ētita kuputuhi koutou, te reira te wā ki te neke i runga i ki tona mahi tonu - kuputuhi tomo. Ko te tukanga rawa o tomo kuputuhi, o te akoranga, he kahore rerekē i taua o tetahi atu ētita, engari he mea nui ki te mahara tonu e whai koe ki te whakawhiti tonu i waenganui i whakatika me ngā kapa. Hei te uru i te huringa tikanga pēhi i ranei he (anake e o te tūranga pehu i roto i te kuputuhi ka whakawhirinaki). I muri i taua, ka taea e koe timata tonu utu. ka katoa o te kuputuhi ka tomo i roto i te raina kotahi, rite te roa rite kore koutou e te whakamahi i te pātene o, e ka hanga i tētahi rārangi hou, cc ranei i te kapa, i e whakakapi i te raina o nāianei ki kuputuhi hou. Hei hoki ki aratau whakahau, te whakamahi i te kī Esc.

aratau Visual, tārua me te whakapiri

Mā te ētita kuputuhi, tatou whakamahi maha te tārua me te whakapiri mahi o te kuputuhi. E whakamahia matou ki te papapātuhi ngā pokatata Ctrl + C me Ctrl + V i roto i ngā pūnaha whakahaere hou, kia taea te mahi te mea pueraa vi. I roto i te meka, e koe haere anake ki te aratau ataata, ka whakamahi i te kua ako nga kapa tīpako me te tārua i te kuputuhi e hiahiatia ana. Tārua ētita vi (rite whakapiri) mahi anake i roto i te aratau motuhake ataata (whakahohe mā te pēhi i v). I roto i te aratau ataata o te kuputuhi i roto i to koutou tuhinga miramira te. Ka taea te puta ke wāhi miramira mā te whakamahi i te mau taviri neke me ngā ona. Na, i muri i te kōwhiri i te rohe e tika ana, press tika y ki te tārua kuputuhi d ranei mo tona tapahi atu (tango o te rohe tīpakohia). Kōkuhu kuputuhi rite ohie - neke te pehu ki te wāhi e hiahiatia ana me te pēhi i te P. Ko te kuputuhi tonu kia i te mara i muri i te pehu.

whakahau matatini

I raro i nga kapa matatini e tika ana ki te kapa ngā. Kua kē ratou i kōrerotia i runga ake, engari kia arotahi kotahi ano ratou, no te mea te whakawhetai ki te huinga matau, ka taea e koe te whakatutuki i hua mōrahi me te haratau.

Ka taea hoki e koe te whakamahi i ngā tau ki etahi whakahau kaupapa. Hei tauira, ki te hiahia koe ki te nuku e kore tetahi kupu, a tonu ki te 6, hei utu o te-wā ono pēhi w, tomo noa 6w. Ki te tau taea te ngā rua noa ngā kapa. Hei tauira, ki te muku e rave rahi kupu, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i rōpū d5w e tango tika 5 kupu. Fakatatau ki ai, ka muku ngā o te tino rārangi, kōwae, me te pera i runga i.

whakakapi kuputuhi

O nga āhuatanga atu ko ki te whakarato i te whai wāhi ki te whakakapi tamâraa o kuputuhi, me te mongamonga ōrite katoa o te tuhinga katoa. Ko te kōwhiringa tino whai hua, tautautefito ki he taimi tae mai te reira ki te waehere pūmanawa whakakī pūkete nui ki raraunga tārite ranei. A feruri na e te vai nei te faaiteraa i roto i te whakamārama o te raina tīpakohia o kuputuhi, engari e hiahia ana matou ki te huri i te reira mo tetahi, pērā i homai he kai mo te whakaaro. I roto i tenei take, ka waiho i te whakahau e whai ake -: s / whakamārama / homai he kai mo te whakaaro /. Hei whakakapi tohutoro katoa ki whakamārama i roto i te tuhinga kia paku haafifi ai te kapa, na ka titiro reira rite tenei -:% s / whakamārama / hoatu kai mo te whakaaro / g.

hei utu o te mutunga

Na e matau ana koutou inaianei pehea ki te whakahaere i te vi ētita. e mohio ana koe katoa o nga whakahau taketake, pehea ki te whakarerekē me te whakatika i te kuputuhi. tutaki matou ki whakahau whai hua, me te āheinga. Na ko te wa tino ki te tamata i te reira katoa ki mahi. Ahakoa tona ahua paku whakarihariha, me te arai tiketike ki te urunga, vi i muri kia he mahi poto mo koutou i te taputapu tino watea ki te whakamahi i. Ko te mea matua - e kore e mataku, record katoa ako whakahau, hōtuhi, a faahiti i te reira katoa ki te mahi i roto i te tikanga ki te kawe pūkenga hou ki automaticity.