Famous kaituhi-hoia

Ko te Pakanga Patriotic nui, i meinga i roto i te aamu o te tangata te toto tino ka roa tata 4 tau, kua kitea i te reira i roto i te ngakau o nga ati tutu e tangohia e nga ora o mirioni o te iwi.

Kaiwhakamahi pene: te pono e pā ana ki te whawhai

āta piki haere ahakoa te tawhiti pae tino tipu i waenganui i aua ngā tawhiti, moni i roto i te kaupapa o te whawhai; e kore e te whakatupuranga o nāianei noho tau'a ki te itoito me itoito o te hoia Soviet. He wāhi nui i roto i te iri o te mau ohipa o te tau whawhai takaro he whakamārama kupu o kaituhi me kaitito, tapanga, tu, ārahi me te faauru. Ko ratou - kaituhi me hoia-aho-mua kaitito, pau tona tamarikitanga i runga i te parekura, ka korerotia ki ki te hītori o te whakatupuranga hou o te ora tangata me ngā mahi o te iwi, i nei fakafalala ora ētahi wā. Kaituhi pakanga toto pono whakaahuatia i roto i ana mahi i te huru mua, te kaupapa pakanga, te pakeke o te Trekking me te ora i roto i te muri, kaume'a o te hoia kaha, he itoito pau, tinihanga me te whakarerenga wehi.

Creative whakatupuranga whanau whawhai

Kaituhi-hoia - ko te whakatupuranga motuhake o mau taata itoito tei i ite i te mau ati o te whawhai me te wā pou-pakanga. i patua etahi o ratou i te mua, kua noho roa etahi, a ka mate, ka rite ki te mea ratou, e kore i te tau tawhito, me te i patunga tawhito.

1924 i tohua e te whanau o te whakatupuranga katoa o hoia, mohiotia puta noa i te whenua: Boris Vasilyev, Viktor Astafjevs, Julia Drunina, Bulat Okudzhava, Vasil Bykov. Ēnei kaituhi-hoia, e kore i te ngaio tonu e rārangi, fehangahangai ki te whawhai i te wa i to ratou tika tahuri 17 tau.

Boris Vasiliev - he tangata faahiahia

Tata ki te katoa nga tamariki me nga kotiro 20 kihai i taea e ora i roto i te whakamataku whawhai. ora te reira i% 3 anake o nei ko Boris Vasilyev semeio. i taea kua mate ia i roto i te 34raa o nga tau o te fiva rahi i roto i te 41 i roto i te taiao, i roto i te 43rd - oku-totoro. I runga i te mua o te tamaiti, pole ia, ko te wiki eke hoiho, me te kura mīhini-pū, whawhai i roto i te hoia mahino, ako ia i te Military Academy. I muri i te pakanga mahi ia i roto i te ia hei whakamatau Urals aroturuki me waka moana. I tukua e ia ki te paetukutuku o te kaipūkaha-rangatira i roto i te 1954; take Tuhinga - te hiahia ki te whai wāhi i roto i ngā mahi tuhituhi.

kaupapa Military te kaituhi whakatapua ki taua mahi rite "e kore e te rārangi tikanga", "I apopo te Pakanga", "Veteran", "e kore e kopere i roto i wāna ma". ka rongonui Boris Vasilyev i muri i te tānga i te 1969, i te pūrākau "He Kati nga osi Here ...", whakaturia i roto i te 1971 i te whare matakitaki i runga i Taganka Yuri Lyubimov a picturized Stanislav Rostotsky i 1972. E ai ki te kaituhi tauari i koperea reira e pā ana ki 20 kiriata, tae atu "faatere", "I apopo te Pakanga", "Ata-rua, i haere hoia ...".

Kaituhi-hoia: Biography Victor Astafieva

Viktor Astafjevs, rite maha kaituhi-hōia o te Pakanga nui Patriotic, whakakitea i roto i tona mahi i te whawhai kia rite ki te ati rahi rite kite i roto i nga kanohi o te hoia noa - he tangata, i te mea te pūtake o te ope katoa; riro te reira i te whiu reira nui i roto i, me te karo tohu i tona taha. Tenei ngātahi, āhua ahua pukapuka mōna o te hoia aho-mua, noho kotahi te ora ki ona hoa, ka tāpuekina whakaaro titiro mate i roto i te kanohi, kei te nuinga o tuhi Astafjevs i ia, me ona hoa pakanga, rerekē ana pararau-tylovikov, te nuinga o ratou e noho ana i roto i te rohe tukia āhua mārire, puta noa i whawhai. Ki a ratou, ia, rite tahi atu kaitito me kaituhi-hōia o War nui Patriotic, i whakahawea hohonu.

I whakarerea te kaituhi o taua mahi rongonui rite "Kingi o ika", "kanga, me te patua", "Last Anga" mo tona fafauraa kiia ki te Te Hau-ā-uru, me te haafifi i ki faateitei a, i kite fakaanga i ana i tuhituhi ai, i roto i ona tau i muri mai ki te āhua o te iku'anga mo nei whawhai, a ka tono tangata ki te mate i roto i tona kainga taketake. Ko i te utu kawa ki te kia utua Viktoru Astafevu - he tangata e kore nei hoatu ake he wāhi, mo te hiahia ki te korero i te pono, i te kawa me te pouri. e kore he korero i roto i a ratou mahi kaituhi-hōia o te Pakanga nui Patriotic te pono o nei; ka mea ratou e i te iwi Russian, nei riro kore anake, engari ano hoki ngaro te rota i roto i ano, tahi ki te mana o te fascism te mana depressing o te pūnaha Soviet me ona ake ope ā-.

Bulat Okudzhava rau wa te numinumi ahiahi ...

Poems me waiata o Bulat Okudzhava ( "Te pure," "Midnight tōneke", "pahų Merry", "Song o nga hoia 'pūtu') e matau ana te whenua katoa; tona pūrākau "Manaakitia koe, mataotao," "Rendezvous ki Bonaparte", "dilettantes Journey" Ko etahi o nga mahi pai o kaituhi tuhi Russian. kiriata mohiotia - "Zhenya, Zhenya ko Katyusha", "te piripono", he screenwriter i kitea ia e neke atu i te kotahi whakatupuranga, me te te "teihana Belarusian tereina" rongonui, i reira i mahi ia i te waiata. Ko te wāwāhi o te rohi pehe rongonui me te kaiwaiata puta e pā ana ki 200 waiata, ia o nei ki tonu i te tona hītori ake. Bulat Okudzhava, rite tahi atu kaituhi-hoia (Ka taea te kite whakaahua i runga) ko te tohu a Tūrongo o tona wa; i hokona tonu ana konohete i, ahakoa te kore o pānui o ana kupu. Kaimätakitaki ngā ratou ongo, a kawea mai ratou hoa, me i mohio ai. Ko te waiata "E hinaaro tatou i te wikitoria," i te kiriata "Te Belarusian Railway Station" waiata te whenua katoa.

Ki te whawhai tutaki Bulat i te tau o whitu, ka mahue i muri i te kōeke te iwa i te mua rite te tūao. Hoia, hoia, kumete, whawhai te nuinga i roto i te Te Tai Tokerau-Caucasian mua, i werohia ia e rererangi hoariri, a i muri i te maimoatanga i roto i Whakahaua puhipuhi taimaha. I roto i te kupu o Bulat Okudzhava (a whakaae ki a ia ona hoa - kaituhi-hoia), te whawhai i wehi e te katoa, ara te hunga e whakaaro i braver atu ētahi atu ratou.

War i roto i nga kanohi o Vasil Bykov

He Māori o te whānau kaiahuwhenua Belarusian, haere Vasil Bykov ki te mua i te tau o 18, a whawhai ki te aroaro o te Victory, he whenua rite Romania, Hungary, Austria. I werohia rua ia; I muri Tuhinga noho ia i roto i Peraruhia, i te pa o Grodno. e kore ko te whawhai iho (o e kia tuhituhia e te kōrero, e kore kaituhi-whiro), me te kaha o te wairua tangata, e faaite ake i roto i taua tikanga uaua te kaupapa matua o tana mahi. kia tonu kia te tangata he tangata, me te ora i te pono, anake i roto i te taea ki te ora i te tangata i tenei take ko te. Āhuatanga ka tuhi a Bykov he take ki te whakapa he te fakaangá Soviet i roto i te tūkinotanga o te mamae Soviet. Ko te press whānui te mounu i, te aukatinga i runga i te tukua o ana mahi, i to ratou tapui kua whakaritea. Nā ki taua inonotitanga, me te ino koi i roto i te hauora, i takoha te kaituhi ki te waiho tona whenua, me te ki te ora i te tahi wa i roto i te Czech Republic (whenua o aroha), ka i roto i Finland me Germany.

Ko te mahi tino rongonui o te kaituhi: "mate o te tangata," "Crane tangi", "Alpine Ballad", "Krugloye Bridge", "te mate e kore e kino ia". I roto i te mau parau a Chingiz Aitmatov, i puritia nga Bulls mo te whakarau o te auahatanga tika, me te pono i runga i mo o te whakatupuranga katoa. Kua ētahi mahi kiriata: "Living noa ata", "Rocket Tuatoru".

Writers-hoia: raina whawhai o whiti

I runga i te mua o te kotiro pūmanawa Julia Drunina, rite maha kaituhi-hoia, pole ahau. I roto i te 1943 riro ia i te patunga kino, i te take o te mea i mohio muhu, me te rāhui. Na ka aru e te hoki ki te mua, i whawhai Julia i roto i te rohe Baltic me Pskov. I te tau 1944 i anō-pōro reira, ka kitea ki te kia kāore mō te mahi anō. Ki te te kapatanga o haihana, te Order o te Whero Star me te Medal "hoki itoito" Julia i muri i te whawhai tukua te kohinga rotarota "greatcoat o te hoia", wā aho-mua i whakatapua. i whakaaetia ia ki te Writers 'Union, me mo haina i roto i te rarangi o te rohi pehe whawhai katoa, kōrero ki te whakatupuranga pakanga.

Āpiti atu ki te mahi, me te tuku o taua kohikohinga rite "Alarm", "kei muri koe", "taku hoa," "whenua - tamarikitanga", "whetu waikeri" Julia Drunina mātātoa te whai wāhi i roto i te mahi tuhituhi me te pāpori, i whakawhiwhia paraihe whaimana, neke atu i te kotahi pōtitia ia he mema o te papa ētita o niupepa nui me makasini, hēkeretari o te poari o ngā hononga o ngā kaituhi. Ahakoa te faatura ao, me te āhukahuka, hoatu he tino Julia rotarota, whakaahua i roto i te irava i te tūranga o te wahine i roto i te whawhai, tona maia me te kātakí, rite pai rite te incompatibility o te ora-hoatu wahine ki te patu tangata me te whakangaromanga.

Yury Bondarev: te whakarau o te tangata

kua hanga Writers-hoia, me a ratou mahi i te wāhi nui ki te tuhinga, i waenganui ki te uri o te pono o te mau ohipa o te tau whawhai. Mahalo te tangata i to tatou mau hoa, me whanaunga whawhai ki a ratou taha i taha, a ka te tauira o ngā kōrero poto pukapuka ranei.

I roto i te 1941, Yuri Bondarev - te kaituhi heke mai - me ō rātou hoa uru i roto i te hanga o taiepa; i muri i hōia kura whawhai Stalingrad rite paru pokepoke rangatira tātaitanga. Na contusion, hukapuri ngawari me te whara i roto i te hoki, e kore e meinga he tutukitanga ki te hoki o te wahi mua i roto i te whakaoranga o Kiev, ka haere mai tetahi ara roa ki Poland me Czechoslovakia. I muri i Tuhinga, tomo Yuri Bondarev te Literary Institute ki a ratou. Gorky, i reira i ia he wāhi ki te tiki ki te awheawhe auaha arahina e Konstantina Paustovskogo, ki te kaituhi heke mai te faatupu i te aroha o te toi nui o te pene me te kaha ki te whai i to ratou mea. mahara toku ora katoa Yuri te kakara o te tio, totoka rite te kamaka, a taro hā pāreti o hoia, weranga i steppes matao o Stalingrad, te huka huka matao anga calcined, whakarewa i ite i roto i te karapu, paura piro o cartridges pau me te puku koraha te rangi po. Creative kaituhi-hoia ngoto e te mau titauraa a te kotahitanga o te tangata, me te ao, tona mii, me i te wa taua kaha maere, me te kaha i, i roto i te rau nga wa i te aroaro o te whakanui ake i te ati e wehingia ana.

kawea Rongonui Yuri Bondarev te kōrero "Ko te waipūtanga Last" me "Kua ui te matua ki te ahi", mārama whakaatu te vairaa mau o te whawhai. Ko te kaupapa o te tāmitanga Stalinist i unu ki te mahi "Whakarongoa", tino i titiro e fakaangá. I roto i te pūrākau rongonui "Hot Snow" koi whakaarahia te kaupapa o itoito o te iwi Soviet i roto i te whakamātautau uaua tino hoki ia; whakaahua ana te kaituhi nga ra whakamutunga o te pakanga o Stalingrad me te iwi nei i ki te paruru i to ratou motherland me ratou iho mau utuafare i te kau Nasí. rere te aho whero i roto i te katoa o Stalingrad hōia pakanga kaituhi rite te tohu o te itoito o te hoia me te itoito. kore Bondarev maihi te whawhai, a whakakitea "tangata rahi iti" nei i te mahi ratou mahi: ki te tiaki i te whenua.

I roto i te whawhai, Yuri Bondarev hopea matau e kore te he tangata whanau ki te kino, engari ki te aroha. Ko reira i roto i ngā āhuatanga tama'i i roto i te mahara o te kaituhi ngā karaihe mārama whakahau o te aroha mo te motherland, mateakí, me te tapatahi. Oia mau, i roto i te whawhai, he kapehu katoa tahanga, pai me te kino, a ka hanga ia he kōwhiringa mohio. E ai ki a Yuri Bondarev, hoatu ora tangata te pera e kore e anake, engari ki te mahi i te misioni ngā, a he mea nui e kore e ki te ururua koe i runga i trifles, a ki te kawea mai koutou ake wairua, whawhai mō te oraraa noa i roto i te ingoa o te tika.

iritihia kōrero me pūrākau kaituhi ki runga i 70 reo, a mo te wā i 1958 ki te 1980 ki waho atu i te 130 nga mahi e Yuri Bondarev i whakaputaina, i pere mai hoki pikitia ( "Hot Snow", "one", "Kua ui te matua ki te ahi") titiro reira whakarongo nui.

Ngohe o te kaituhituhi tuhia e maha tūmatanui, me te kāwanatanga tohu, tae atu ki te nui tino - te āhukahuka me te aroha o ngā kaipānui.

"Inch o whenua" Grigory Baklanov

Grigory Baklanov - kaituhi o taua mahi rite "Hōngongoi 41, te tau", "ko reira te marama o Mei ...", "inihi o whenua", "Friends", "ahau i kore patua i roto i te pakanga." I roto i te pakanga i mahi ia i roto i te hoia howitzer, ka ki te ana'iraa o te rangatira, rangatira pākahiko ka whawhai i roto i te Front Tonga-Western tae noa te mutunga o te whawhai, whakaahuatia nei i roto i te kanohi o te hunga e whawhai i runga i te raina mua, me paoro tona ora kapamua rā. Take o mate taimaha i te wāhanga tuatahi o te pakanga Baklanov whakamārama te tāmitanga nui, te huru o te whakapae whānui, me te wehi, he rangatira i mua i te whawhai. Requiem mo te sgublennomu whawhai ki te whakatupuranga taitamariki, te utu nui ngako mo te wikitoria, ka te kōrero "Ta'engata -. Iwa" I roto i te mahi i oti rawa ki te wā rangimarie, hoki Baklanov ki te whakarau o hoia mua nei kua parori pūnaha fakatikitato nanakia. Lelei faahoho'ahia i roto i te kōrero "Karpuhin" te wahi wahia nga mahi kāwanatanga-fatuhia o koirā te ora o te hero. E ai ki te kaituhi horopaki kua 8 ngā kiriata i hanga; te urutaunga kiriata pai - "Ko reira te marama o Mei ...".

tuhinga Military - tamariki

kua hanga kaituhi-hoia o tamariki i te wāhi nui ki te tuhinga, tuhituhi hoki taiohi mahi o ratou hoa - te taua rite he ratou, tamariki me ngā kōtiro, e tupu ana ki te ora i roto i te wa o te whawhai.

Rārangi o tūtohutia tuhinga taiohi e pā ana ki te whawhai:

• A. Mityaev "te ono o wahi."
• A. Ochkin "Ivan - ahau, Fedorov - matou."
• Alekseev, "Mai i Moscow ki Berlin."
• Kassil "au kaiwawao."
• A. Gaidar "Te tăpŭraa o Timur".
• Kataev "Tama a te ropu."
• Me noho ora L. Nicholas '. "

Kaituhi-hoia, he rārangi o e, i runga kore te mea, ka korerotia ki he, te reo utu, me te koati-friendly oti i te mooni e wehingia ana o te whawhai, te whakarau fakamamahi o te iwi, me te itoito, me te itoito whakaaturia e ratou. Enei mahi kawea te wairua o te mea ïa, me te aroha mo te whenua, ako ki te mauruuru i te hoa, me whanaunga, ki te tiaki te rangimarie i runga i to tatou paraneta.