Franz Lefort: he haurongo poto

wā Petrine o hītori Russian tonu tetahi o te hao tino i roto i te tohu o ngā rerekētanga tuwhena e kua āwangawanga te ara katoa o te ora o te whenua nui. Te kingi taitama, i te noa'tu o tona kaha, me te kaha o te huru, i te timatanga o te kingitanga i roto i te hiahia o te tokoni me te tohutohu i roto i te kōwhiri i te aronga, tikanga me ngā taputapu mo to ratou huringa. kitea e ia te tautoko i roto hoa e matau te hiahia mo te huringa, me i roto i nga tangata ke, āhua noho me te ara o te whakaaro kua kitea e etahi o nga āhuatanga hou o te whenua, i hanga nei e ia. Franz Lefort ko tetahi o nga hoa pono Petra Velikogo, ki te pai o te pono i mahi te emepera, me te kāinga hou.

Family o kaihokohoko

ka haere mai tupuna o Pita admiral i Piedmont - Porowini o te raki Italy. Ratou ingoa, ka whakatangi te tuatahi i rite ki Lefortti, ka, i muri ratou i oho ki Switzerland, i puta ke i roto i te kāhua French - Le Fort.

, E hopoi mai te mahi matua i te moni pai Lefort ko chandlery (matū whare: varnishes, peita, hopi) hokohoko. mahi Merchant tatari, ko Francois, i whanau nei i roto i 1656 i roto i Geneva me mua whakaotinga o nga tama e whitu Yakoba Le Fort. I te onoonoraa o tona papa Frants Lefort i muri i Geneva Collegium (kura tuarua) i roto i te 1670 ka haere ki Marseilles ki te ako i te mahi hokohoko.

Whanau hoki mahi

whakauaua taea te tangata taitama roroa, ataahua, kaha fakaesino, nanakia, me te tere-witted, koa, me te hihiri whakaaro ratou ora i mua nei rite tu i muri i te counter e noho ana i te tēpu ranei. Franz Lefort, ko tona haurongo ko ki te waiho he tukurua o te ara tika o te ora o tona papa, me whanaunga tata, rere atu i te kaihokohoko, hangaia ki te whakaako ia i te taketake o te mahi, i roto i te hoia o Marseilles, te wahi tomo ia te mahi hōia rite te tauira.

Riri e ki te kino o tona tama, titau Hakopa Lefort te hoki o tana tama hoki te kāinga. e kore e tino whakatipu a Kalavini tukua Franz ki takahi te matenga o te whānau, me i tona taenga i Geneva, ia haere tonu ki te mahi i roto i te toa.

ka mau te reira i pā ana ki toru nga tau i mua i riro Franz i papa, me te whānau whakaaetanga tona ki te haere ki te mahi hōia o te Duke o Courland. I roto i te mutunga o te raumati o 1675 haere ia i Geneva ki te tango i tetahi wahi i roto i ngā mahi whawhai i roto i te whare tapere o te Franco-Dutch War.

I te aniraa o te tsar Russian

he pakanga Pākehā o taua wa te tikanga "utu" ope, karangatia e maha rangatira o hinonga kāwanatanga-fatuhia iti. "Soldier o Fortune» XVII rau, a ka Franz Lefort. maha ko te raupapa o haerenga i roto i te rapu o te ora pai haurongo Poto o enei tohunga hōia.

timata a'oraa te rangimarie i roto i Holland. Disinherited muri i te matenga o tona papa, whakaae Lefort te aniraa o te Tatimana a Rūtene Kānara Van Frostena, huihuia te rōpū i te aniraa o Russian Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, me i te mutunga o 1675, kei ia i Arkhangelsk, me te tau i muri mai - i roto i Moscow.

whakataunga Tiamana

Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich i te wa ka mate ia, ko te torona tana tama - Fyodor. E toru nga tau haere i te aroaro o Lefort i whakaaetia mo te whawhai ki te paetukutuku o te rangatira. I roto i tenei wa, noho ia ki te whakapaipai o Muscovy, noho i roto i te Quarter Tiamana, hanga hoa ki nga Pakeha, e noho ana i roto i te Moscow mo te wa roa. Ko tētahi o te hunga e e pai ki te ako reo, e ngana ana ki te matau tikanga rohe a ka Franz Lefort. I rerekē iwi tangata ke o te whakataunga. whakaritenga motuhake o Franz oaoa i te Kōtimana Patrick Gordon, whānui o Pita heke mai. whakahaere noa ia ki te marena te tamahine o manene i Ingarangi Rūtene Kānara Sug - Elizabeth.

I te mutunga o 1678 Lefort (France Ya - rite i mohiotia tenei mea i roto i Muscovy) i whakaritea e ia rangatira o te whakaminenga, mema o te hoia Kyiv, whakahau e Gordon. Hoki e rua nga tau e mahi haunga hoia pupuri i Kiev ia, ka mau ia ki tetahi wahi i roto i te whawhai ki te iwi Crimean. koa Lefort te wāhi o Prince Vasily Golitsyn, he whakaaro pro-Western rongonui.

I roto i te 1681 tukua Lefort i runga i poroporoaki kāinga. I roto i Geneva, tamata te hapu ki te whakapati ia e kore ki te hoki ki te whenua whakarihariha, a ka haere tonu ki te mahi i roto i Europe. Ko, te whakautu pai ki Moscow Francois, hoki ana ki te whakataunga Tiamana.

kaupapa Crimean

Ki runga ki hoki mai ki Moscow kitea e ia he huringa i roto i te Kremlin. I muri i te matenga o Tsar Fedor i te rangatiratanga i karaunatia ia nga teina Ivan ko Pita, i raro i te Regency o ratou tuahine - taikaha me te hao Sophia. Prince Golitsyn ko tona tino, a ki te whakapakari i te mana o te kuini anga e rua whawhai ki nga Turkey Crimean. Rua ko te pakanga kāore i te mea o te faaineineraa rawakore, engari Lefort, uru rāua te rangatira i roto i te tino, whakamatauria ia he rangatira mohio, a hohoro i whakatairangatia ana ki kānara.

Hoki te tahi mau hītori e whakapono reira e kua rere te kore o te rua o nga pakanga Crimean (1689), rite kia reira, engari hohoro i muri i te mana hopea mariri Sophia: i roto i Moscow whakatika ki ona waewae te kingi hou - Petr.

maungārongo Pita

Pīataata Pākehā, atamai, me te ahakoa, mātauranga, me te hohoro ka mahuinga mō te hoa taitama a te kingi rangatira mohio Franz Lefort. i kitea e ia a Pita whakautu ki ngā pātai maha, me te pūnaha kāwanatanga, me te faaineineraa o te ope pai, a ki runga ki te whakapai ake o te ora i roto i te tikanga Pākehā.

Nā ki whakapumautia hononga ki Geneva, timata Franz i te tono o tetahi atu kingi kaha karangatia ki Muscovy o Engineers, Norevetia, gunsmiths me ētahi atu ngaio i katoa i runga i Europe, i roto i nei ite Pita te faana'oraa o.

Whare Lefort i roto i te Quarter Tiamana ko tetahi o te whakapaipai pai me te hapori, me te ko te wahi tino pai ki te whakatau iwi rite-whakaaro o maha kamupene, i huihui nei a Pita a tawhio noa ia ia. motuhia atu e ia te moni mo te pūrere i roto i te whare Lefort whare nui, te wahi i te taitamariki kingi taea atu i te taiao momo o te Kremlin ki noho wā i roto i te ara Pākehā.

I te take o te whanau o te kainga i roto i 1690 i roto i Moscow i kauwhautia reira maha maitai porohita roto o Pita. Kihai i wareware ko Lefort. riro Franz Yakovlevich he General Meiha.

Lefortovo Sloboda

I te tono o Lefort, e rapu ana ki te waihanga i roto i Moscow te ope auau, i runga i te taha maui o te Yauza tohatoha wāhi mo te puni hōia. He i whakaritea he whenua parade nui, i whakahaeretia he drill tino me te whakangungu rauhanga, pa whakaarahia me whare mo rangatira. Āta reira hoki kua hanga i tetahi wāhi tāone, i teie nei e mau ana i te ingoa o Lefortovo.

Meiha Tianara Lefort ki pūngao nui whakaae ki te whakarite i tētahi momo hou o te ope Russian. Faanahonahoraa mahinga o ohipa i runga i te tauira Pākehā, rapua ana e ia te haapa'oraa tino o te ako me te matatau tiketike o hoia me rangatira. I roto i nekeneke - "haerenga whakangahau" - faaite i te itoito whaiaro ia, tetahi i paku whara.

Haerenga ki Azov

I roto i te 1695 me te 1696 i hanga nga pakanga i roto i te tonga, i i te whakaaro o te taonga whai wāhi ki te Moana Black me te riri Turkish ārai i te rohe tonga o Russia. Franz Lefort ko Pita 1 i roto i enei hinonga i roto i te mahi tonu, me te tata. I te Mokoia o te pa o Azov Lefort i roto i te mua o te whawhai, me te ara fakatāutaha hopu i te haki hoariri.

I roto i te faaineineraa o te wāhanga tuarua o te Lefort whawhai tonga ka e ia Admiral o te Tāruru. kihai i Pita i tenei whakarite mai i flotovodcheskih tino Franz pūkenga kihai i riro ia. Ko ia kaha i roto i te mahi he nui, pūngao, te maramarama, faitotonú Lefort, tona lī'oa whaiaro ki te Hiha. I hiahiatia ratou ki te hanga kaipuke mo te taitama kaipuke Russian, mo te whakangungu o ngā kauhoe. I roto i te pakanga tuarua i whakaritea Lefort i rangatira o nga ope manuao.

karere nui

I roto i te puna o 1697 i roto i Moscow te misioni takawaenga o 250 iwi i haere ki Europe. Head o te tira ko Lefort, tae Pita rite te takitahi tūmataiti. Ko te whakaaro o te "Embassy nui" i ki te whakatutuki uniana ki te āhua Pākehā ki te Turkish Empire, a rapu te arii taitamariki ki te makona tona ake pākiki e pā ana ki te ara Pākehā o te ora, hōia hou me hangarau harangotengote.

I roto i te haerenga Pākehā, ko Lefort te rangatira e pā ana o te Embassy. arahina ia itoito mau a'oraa takawaenga, whakahaeretia pōhiri, tuhituhi reta ki kaitōrangapū Pākehā, korero ki te hunga e hiahia ana ki te tomo i te mahi Russian. wehe ia ki te kingi anake mo te roanga o to koutou noho i roto i Ingarangi.

I roto i te raumati o te 1698 riro te karere e pā ana ki te musketeers whakatikanga ake i hanga Pita me ona hoa ki te hoki tonu ki Russia i Mosca.

mate nui

I tona hokinga mai ki te pane Lefort rite ki whai wāhi ia i roto i te mau tamataraa o te hunga tutu kaikopere te kingi, i te reira he taunakitanga o tona riria ki te pupuri o executions papatipu, ki te whai wāhi i roto i ai ia ne fakafisi.

Tangi i te haerenga ki Europa i i hanga te Yauza mō te whare nehenehe o Lefort, homai ki a ia e Pita. Otiia i anake te admiral ki whakanui housewarming e tahoro ana. I roto i te mutunga o Pepuere, tere heke tona hauora. Ana hopearaa roa-whakamamaetia o te taka i te hoiho e tupu ki a ia i roto i te pakanga Azov. I te mutunga o te Hui-tanguru 1699 i ia he matao, mate ki kirika, me te 2 Maehe o te taua tau mate ia.

Ko he mate nui mo te Czar Pita. ka mea ia e kua ngaro ia i te hoa pono, tetahi o nga hoa pono tino, e te rawa e hiahiatia ana inaianei.

hoa pono, me te hoariri e mura, a a Lefort. Franz Yakovlevich, he haurongo poto i te mea rite ki te wahi o te pukapuka mōrearea, kua meinga etahi he faatura hohonu, etahi - mauahara tahu. Te nuinga pea, ko ia te initiator matua o nga whakahounga Petrine, te mea te reira wahi o hītori. Engari hanga ia anake hoa takatāpui o te kingi, rite etahi kerēme, rawa, he hohonu taurite. I mua i tatou - o te tangata kanapa ora, ki te muka katoa o toku ngakau hiahia ahau te pai ki te whenua, i meinga tuarua tona whare.