Helianthus annuus: Āhuatanga o te kai, whakaahuatanga me ngā momo

Koinei titiro mara ataahua ki sunflowers - tipu, puku nei e rite ki te ra ki te pikitia o te tamariki. Tenei merekara koura-kōwhai he kore noa nui mo tona ahua, he reira ano hoki te tino whai hua.

I roto i tēnei tuhinga ka kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te mea ko te putirā. Annual te koiora ranei ko te tipu, te tikanga i roto i nei tupu reira, he aha e nga momo, momo, ka ako koe i te tai'oraa i te reira.

timata History o te hanga hinu putirā i Ingarangi i roto i te mutunga o te rau tau tekau ma waru. Mai reira, muia he momo momo putirā, e fakatahai e ātete tiketike ki ngā pests me mate.

Overview

Helianthus annuus - ko te nui tino i roto i te ao i tenei oilseeds. Aro me mauruuru mo tono tikanga agronomic, he mea tino whai hua, me te hua. E kore hoki tetahi i roto i Heraldry putirā puawai tohu te pai, me te hua. I tua atu, Koinei rite ki te ra tipu i roto i tetahi rangi i tetahi pae hanga i te ariā kanapa, me te mahana.

tupu Putiputirā te i roto i ngā wāhi ahuwhenua tata hua katoa rite rauemi raw mo te hanga o te hinu huawhenua-kounga tiketike. A kua tono reira rite nectariferous, rongoa, me te whakapaipai whakato.

Huri i te reira i roto i taua i reira ko tetahi rerekē atu tona ahua - kōpura putirā. Kei te whakaaro te reira i te hua huawhenua.

whakaahuatanga

Helianthus annuus (Asteraceae whānau) - he tipu he pūnaha pakiaka pai, āhua hohoro te whakawhanake ki te oneone ki runga ki te 140 cm (me i roto i ngā āhuatanga motuhake - ka ki runga ki te 5 mita), me te whanui mōrahi -. 120 cm te tipu kākano aukati tiketike (wāhi pa me 4 mita), hipoki ki te makawe. He nui porotītaha rau ngakau-āhua, me tohutohu koikoi.

Inflorescence o putirā - kete maha-puawai (i roto i te puka hinu he diameter o 15-20 cm) ki te kōpae paku koropuku flat ranei. puawai nui kei i te taha - tōkai, kakaho, kōwhai-karaka, me te tino hipokina te mauanga medial - taera rua, tubular, āhuatanga nui iti.

Na kua hua he purapura nui tokomaha putirā. Annual tipu herbaceous he achenes hua, arā, o te matua me te anga. Kano putirā i roto i te toharite o 22-27% o te hinu, i nga momo pai - 46% neke atu rānei. Kotahi kete, i runga i te momo, me te tiaki āhua putirā rānei, kua i 200 ki te 7000 achenes.

roaa te reira i ngā āhuatanga pai rongoa (tununga, antiphlogistic me pera atu.), Helianthus annuus. Ko te tātai o te puawai: * A (5) T (5) A1.

Putiputirā i roto i Russia

Putiputirā - he tipu angamaheni o te rohe steppe me steppe ngahere i raro i tetahi tikanga makariri. Puta noa i Russia Pūkete hoki e pā ana ki 70% o hua katoa i roto i te ao nei. Tenei te tipu ko te hua oilseed matua tupu i roto i Russia. Mai ona purapura, te whenua hua hinu kai, me te ahumahi.

Toenga o te tukatuka kore ano e ngaro: bagasse whakamahia i roto i te faaineineraa o te kai mo te kararehe pāmu; whiwhi i te hopi pungarehu i horahorangia e me tongi; kōeke teitei (3-4 m) ki te papatipu matomato nui ngakia rite te hua matie.

hītori ahurea

Ko te wāhi o te tipu ko te rohe tonga o Amerika Te Tai Tokerau. I roto i Russia Helianthus annuus o whakaurua i roto i te rau tau 18 kua i Western Europe. Tuatahi i ngakia ai rite te whakato whakapaipai i, engari i muri timata ki te whakamahi i putirā purapura rite te whāki i, i roto i te hononga ki i timata ia atu muia ana i roto i nga kari, me te uru huarākau.

Kei te mohiotia te reira e te maara o te putirā ko nga mahuri oriwa, i roto i hua mara e pā ana ki te ingoa o te kaiahuwhenua-serf Bokarev, tuatahi whakawhanakehia te hinu i roto i te tau 1835 i roto i o reira.

Rawa whānui i tohaina hua putirā tīmatanga i roto i te Voronezh ko Saratov, a muri puta i roto i te tahi atu rohe Russian.

Helianthus annuus: puka ora

E wehewehea Puka o putirā ngakia ā-tau ki te 3 ngā rōpū:

• gryzovye he achenes nui ki te karihi iti, a na reira i ratou i te ihirangi hinu raro. Ko te pericarp o te putirā tuimotu paparanga Armoured, Heoi āhua ngāwari pakaru anuhe purehurehu putirā tenei whakato;

• oilseeds he achenes iti o te paparanga Armoured i te pericarp;

• flaxes e tohu puka whakawhiti i waenganui i oilseeds me ngā momo gryzovymi.

I roto i Russia, te moni ahumahi nui he momo o te oilseed putirā.

Mō ngā momo putirā

Helianthus annuus kua he whānui o ngā momo mahinga i roto i to tatou wa, i roto i te hanganga ture ki tonu ki nga whakaritenga o te hanga ngā momo.

Te wehe wawe-höu momo o waenganui-a. He ahu e whānuitia e whakamahia ana ki te whakapaipai i te wāhi kari, me te park. Kei raro e te aroaro poto etahi o te noa tino i roto i te ahurea o ngā momo o sunflowers.

Wawe-höu momo

he nui hoki tona ihirangi hinu āhua tiketike putirā toroa. Ko te momo he tauraki-ātete, e kore Nireaha ki te mate me te kino i pests. Maitai pahono ki tikanga whānui o te kai. tupu ana tēnei momo ki te 195 cm i roto i te teitei.

Kei Busuluk 54% hinu i roto i purapura. Rawa kōeke tauraki me te he tukua pūmau i roto i te rerekē ngā takiwā makariri. E titau te reira fertilizing maniua, me te ahuwhenua kounga. Ko tōna teitei tae 168 cm.

Mid-kōeke

He nui o hua te momo tino nui. Te ihirangi hinu i roto i reira - 55%. Tino tupu te tipu, pa tonu 206 cm.

hoki kitea Favorit i ihirangi hinu tiketike - 53%. kōeke rerekē, me te ātete ki hinu pirau hydrolytic, i roto i te hononga ki ai te whiwhi rauemi raw he tau waikawa iti kua. tupu Plant ki 200 cm i roto i te teitei.

Kei te Kaiwhakaako cultivar hua tiketike 54 achenes% hinu. Aua'e pahono te reira ki te whakataki o maniua tika.

vysokotolerantny katoa o enei momo ki Phomopsis ātete ki broomrape, te purehurehu putirā me teka koriri paura.

He bit o putirā kōpura (Hiruharama artichoke)

Tenei momo tupu rite kai, hangarau ahurea whakapaipai ranei. tupu pai te tipu i roto i te climates atu tonga. Ko e tika ana ki te meka e puta noa i tona hoholo i Mahuru ki Noema, i runga i te momo rānei tenei. e loto artichoke hua Hiruharama ki runga ki te 35 toni o kōpura pakeke te heketea.

Tera atu ano tetahi tipu whakaputaina e whakawhitinga - topinsolnechnik. Kūmara porotītaha nui he putirā.

Māra o putirā: Here

ui te whakato ki te oneone, o nei e te pai hoki ia chernozem he one, onematua, te momo taonga o ngā matūkai. Kāore one oneone. precursors pai mō te putirā he parei puna, witi te hotoke, te witi me te pīni. Ano i roto i te putirā wahi taua e whakatokia tetahi mua atu i 7-9 tau. Ehara i te mea e tika ana ki te rui i te reira i roto i te wahi ki runga i te tau kua hipa hua tipu pakiaka Hiruharama artichoke pātītī te koiora, ara i muri i te hua o mate noa.

pahono pai putirā ki maniua. Ko te pests tino kino o te tipu he Wireworms, pokai namu-Krawczyk, shiponoska, putirā barbel. whakamahi ki pests me mate (pirau ma, me te waikura) huarahi rerekē: agronomic, matū me te hangarau.

ruinga

Ka rite ki mahinga annuus Helianthus? Whakatipu i te purapura tika i roto i te parae - te ara matua. Ka taea te whakatokia reira me tipu-rite mua.

Whakamahia mō te rui purapura momo tukua ki rawa he germination tiketike, me te rui etahi mau huru pai. Seeds te tikanga i ki kia tukuoro, no te mea e te te rahi taua me wana rite hoa, a whakanuia ana te reira hua.

Kia tino ki rui putirā i muri whakawera o te oneone kia hanga ki +10 ... +12 ° C, te kore i reira ka waiho he whakaiti i roto i te tukua uri.

Ko reira pākiki

tupu Helianthus annuus te puta noa te ao. Ko putirā - mohio pono tipu Russian te ki waho. He wāhi o te whenua tuawhenua ko enei puawai kōwhai ki mangu, kei runga i te pokapū o te purapura.

I roto i te German kaupapa park Europa-Park (a Germany tuarua nui me i Europa i roto i ngā o te maha o ngā manuhiri) he rohe Russian, te wahi tupu sunflowers. A i Berlin, i tetahi o ona wāhi, e mutu ai te raumati "pakari Putiputirā": mara putirā ki ara rauangi. I roto i Austria reira ko te papa ki te sunflowers i runga i enei tipu, me te whānuitanga o ngā momo me ngā momo.

mutunga

mara nui hipoki ki tupu sunflowers koura, titiro picturesque, kanapa, me te koa noa i roto i köura rangi. Ko te hunga e hiahia ana ki te whakapaipai i to ratou infield me te hanga i te huru kanapa, awhiawhi me te koa ano taea e koe te whakamahi i ataahua sunflowers ā-tau whakapaipai.

E ratou puawai kōwhai te maere fluffy, i te mea tata purapura e kitea. Ahakoa māka i ratou ingoa ngohengohe pai: Bear, Teddy Bear, Teddy Bear, Teddy Bear, Teddy Bear. Oia mau, te puawai ko te pōro tau koura, atu rite te poipōkai huruhuru. Enei sunflowers, whanau he titiro, kaua mīharo i roto i te puawai moenga, me te Korōria roa.

Tenei puawai unpretentious orotika ki puawai kanapa kōwhai hopoi mai ki te kari atu marama, hou, me te rota o te pūngao kōmaru.