Highway. huarahi Russia

Highway ... pehea noa ko te kīanga! E mōhio katoa e pā ana ki te mea he reira tatou, engari maha kahore e mohio ko te aha nga huarahi, te tere ki i tukua ratou kia haere me pēhea te maha ara kei roto i Russia. Kia titiro a ki te hītori o te putanga o ara, ratou hakari me te heke mai.

Ko te kōrero o

puta te huanui nui-tere tuatahi i te timatanga o te rau tau whakamutunga i roto i Itari. I roto i te tau 1924, piri ia ia e rua atu pa nui - Milan me varese. roa ara ko 85 km. Te mea faahiahia, e whakamahi he rota o te kupu "ara" haere mai i Itari. hanga e te timatanga o te rau tau XXI i roto i te whenua kua neke atu i te 6,000 kiromita o expressways.

puta i roto i Germany - i tetahi atu ingoa pai-mohiotia o te ara - "Autobahn". I roto i te 1932, hono te huarahi te Cologne ko Bonn, tona roa ko 20 anake km. meka Interesting: i roto i Germany, hanga ake atu i te 3,500 kiromita o ara nui-tere i te aroaro o 1941. Na roto i teie nei te wa i reira e neke atu i te 13,000 kiromita o halá.

Ki te rā, nui-tere huanui - ko reira te tino whakamahia i roto i te momo ara ao. Ārahi tūranga i roto i te hanga o taua ara ko te China. Ko te roa o te timatanga o 2015 moni ki tata 112 000 km.

I roto i Russia, te hanga o te ara nui-tere rā hoki ki ngā wā Soviet. Kia aroha mai, hangaia ki te tatau e kore e taea te maha o ara. Fele tere ara i roto i Russia - he wāhanga motuhake o rori whariki.

tikanga rere

E ara kua whakaaro ia ki te hei tere o Russia? Huanui - he ara ki etahi tohu waka, he maha ngā huarahi i roto i ngā tohutohu e rua, ka wehea ki te tiaki motuhake ranei wehewehe Unuhia. e kore pekanga ki te atu i te taumata kotahi (he taea tetahi pūtahitanga anake i runga i te piriti ranei arararo) tenei ara.

I runga i te huanui rāhuitia reira te kaupapa o pedestrians, kararehe, nga mea katoa o waka, e kore te tere rawa 40 km / h. Ēnei ngā pereoo taataahi, mopeds, tarakihana me tetahi atu whaiaro-tīhokatia waka. He Kāore hoki te reira ki te ikiiki tūmatanui , me te mo ngā waka pāhihi me taraka kihai tukua ki te mutu i roto i nga wahi e kore e whakaritea mo te waka.

Kei te rāhuitia te reira ki te hanga i te U-tahuri, ka tomo i te āputa he Kāore kōaro me te pei whakangungu wehe Unuhia. Na, ka mahue te huanui, kia tupato e kore ki te wahi i te ture.

RF huarahi matua

Ko te ara matua i roto i Russia tīmata i Moscou. kōrero ana tēnei e te nuinga o nga rori i hangaia i roto i te wa o te Russian Empire, a tahuri hoki ngā whakaritenga hou. Ko te kiato o tona whatunga i roto i te wahi Pākehā o te o te whenua teitei. rori Main anaana i Moscow. Ko te raki atu haere koe i te whatunga o rori iti whakawhanakehia-. I roto i te Takiwa Far Eastern ko Siberian Federal, e kore e maha rori hono ki nga huarahi nui. Ki te pa takitahi he karere taea anake i roto i te raumati, a ka anake i te hau.

rori Russian i te roa tapeke o te 1,396 miriona km, a ka he paninga pakeke - 984 000 km. I roto i runga i te ture i runga i te whakarōpū o rori i ratou kāwai rerekē, me te ko nga taonga o taonga, te kāwanatanga e kore anake engari ano pea te Tari o te Russian Federation, me te takitahi. Ko ētahi o ēnei ko te ara o hānga, rohe me te terenga, uara rohe. Ano, i reira he rori tūmataiti.

huarahi Federal

rori e hānga ana he tukutuku mārō, me te kia tere. Ko te rārangi whakaaetia e te Kawanatanga Russian, he ratou taonga kāwanatanga. Taua rori ki te tetahi taua e tu ana i roto i mua o te pukapuka. Nei o enei tono ki hānga?

Tuatahi, te reira ara katoa honotanga te whakapaipai o Russia - Moscow - ki te pane o te whenua tata, me te te pokapū whakahaere o te Russian Federation. kia kuhimua taua ara "M", ngā enei:

- M1 "Peraruhia" - "huarahi Minsk" - hono Moscow me Russia wahi e i runga i Peraruhia.

- M2 "Crimea" - ki te whakakotahi i te E105 ara Pākehā ki Moscow, Tula ko Kharkiv.

- M5 "Ural" - he te roa rahi o 1879 km a ka hono Moscow ki Chelyabinsk.

Tuarua, ko reira te ara honotanga te pokapū whakahaere motuhake a ratou ano. E ratou he "P" kuhimua:

- P22 "Kapiana" - tetahi o nga rori rohe roa he roa o 1381 km. Ko reira wahi o Pākehā E119 ara, e rere i roto i Moscow, Tambov, Volgograd ko Astrakhan.

- P504 "Kolyma" - te roa o neke atu i te 2000 km. He he huarahi matua Far Te Tai Rāwhiti. haere te reira i i Yakutsk ki Makarana.

Tuatoru, - te uru me te hononga huarahi e taea te hono i te pa ki te moana awa ranei tauranga, rererangi ranei teihana tereina, me te ki atu kōpuku waka. "He" e tāutuhia ratou katoa i te kuhimua.

I te Hānuere 1, 2018 ka tae mai ki te kaha he hou rārangi o rori e hānga ana Russian. He ka kore ai he wehewehenga i runga i ngā ara kātua, me ētahi atu. uesia ano nga huringa te taua me ngā ingoa o nga rori. I roto i te heke mai tata ka hei te tere i runga i te huanui i te iti rawa 130 km / h.

Road "Moscow - Noginsk"

Te tawhiti ki Moscow Noginsk he 58 anake km. rere ana tēnei ara i tenei ra te huanui M7 "Täingäwai", totoro i Moscow i roto i Vladimir, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Ufa me whakamutu. Ko te ara he mana e hānga ana. e kore e taea e ia whakamanamana kaha nui, he mea i teie nei i runga e taea tika i te reira i te 3 ki te 7 mano waka ia ra. No te mea o tenei, i reira e maha jams waka me te popoke i te tomokanga ki Moscow.

I roto i te tirohanga o te kaupapa kāwanatanga whakanui ake faaoti ki te hoatu i roto i te wahi huarahi hou "Moscow-Noginsk". Tenei ara ko te rerekē ki te M7, a ka kia utua.

Kua riro huarahi takoha tino hira i roto i nga whenua whakawhanakehia, he inaianei reira te tahuri me te ki Russia. tīmata te kaupapa i roto i 2014, te whakaaetanga whakamutunga whakaritea mō te 2017. Ko reira e tauturu i tenei ara ki te atawhai i te raina matua, a ka tukua noho o Noginsk ki haere ki te pane mō te 20-30 meneti. E riro te reira he awhina nui mō te iwi e mahi ana i roto i Moscow.

ara Toll "Moscow - Noginsk" Ka whai te kaha o 30,000 waka ia ra. Ki runga ki te 6 huarahi i roto i te ahunga taua, me te tere i 120 km / h, ka āwhina i te huarahi ki te whakaiti i te wa ki te haere me te ki te whakanui whakamarie mo taraiwa. E kore te te ekenga mo tenei ara mohiotia ano - ranei ka whakaritea reira ranei e whakawhirinaki ki runga ki te pukapuka. I te kau, e tika ana ki te tahua iti te anake wāhanga hanga rori.

Ko te ara "Moscow - St. Petersburg"

I te kau, St Petersburg ko Moscow hono te M10 huarahi e hānga ana E105 "Russia", hoatu ki mahi i roto i te rau tau XIX. Ko te hononga i waenganui i te whakapaipai e rua i whakaritea a Pita e ahau, ka kawea i roto i te kaupapa, kua meinga nei e te karere pūnaha wai tārua. roa ara teie mahana o 706 km. Nā ki te kaha iti me te tere iti i runga i tenei ara maha i popoketanga. I te po i runga i te ekenga ara ki 130-170 mano waka, me te tere i te tomokanga ki Moscow ki runga ki te 10 km / h. I roto i te tirohanga o tenei he tau torutoru ki muri reira ko he kaupapa ki te hanga i te huarahi "Moscow - St Petersburg" M11.

Road "Moscow - St. Petersburg" Ka kia wāhanga utua. ka waiho te roa 684 km, a reira mau ka whakakapi i te huarahi M10 ngā tenei ra. Hoatu ki te mahi whakaritea he huarahi e i roto i 2018. Ki te rā, e rave rahi ngā wāhi hanga: 15 ki te 58 km i Moscou ki Solnechnogorsk me 258 i 334 km - i roto i Vyshny Volochek Karo i te rohe Tver.

A, no te hanga peita ka whai ara ki te tango ki te pūkete ngā takiwā makariri. E wha ngā wāhi whiti e te makatea, i te āhuarangi rerekē: Moscow ko Tver rerekē e pehi raurarahi, ko Novgorod ko Leningrad - moana continental tauwhirowhiro. Katoa o huringa ohorere i roto i te pāmahana e taea kino pā te mata ara, a ka hua i roto i ngā rauemi maumauria ki koroua. Na reira, kia tino nui te huarahi ki te kōwhiringa o te kuaha. Mai i tenei, tei te heke mai o te ara.

Highway "Moscow - St. Petersburg" Ka kia mai 2 ki te 5 huarahi i roto i ia aronga me te tere o te 150 km / h. Tenei tino ka whakaiti i te wa haere i waenganui i nga pa, me te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga mō ngā taraiwa. utu tata o te haere i runga i tenei raina ka waiho e pā ana ki 1,200 moni. ka whakawhirinaki i runga i te wa o te ra, me te tetahi wāhanga o te ara katoa. Ko te kupu, ko te ara "Moscow - Saint - Petersburg" Ka kia rua o te huarahi matua takoha i Russia. He mea tika ki te mārama e ka waiho i te utu e pā ana ki 60% o te ara ko te i raro i hanga, a ka taea e koe te whakamahi i noa o tiaki, me te huarahi o nāianei M10.

"Moscow - Beijing" - titiro i roto i te heke mai

Moemoeā ki hono Te Tai Rāwhiti, ka mura Te Hau-ā-uru, kua tonu i roto i te ngakau o Enterprising iwi. Ki te rā, te hanga o te huarahi tūhono Moscow ko Beijing, kua hanga taea. I roto i te 2014, hainatia te pukapuka i waenganui o Russia me Haina ki te hanga nui-tere rerewē "Moscow - Beijing".

I teie mahana, te tereina honotanga nga whenua e rua, ko runga te ara ki te 130 haora - e te 6 ra. A, no te whakatinana i te kaupapa ki te tiki i Beijing ki Moscow ka kia taea i roto i te rua nga ra, te upooti'araa i te tawhiti o 7000 km i te tere o te 350 km / h. Mahi tahi ki te tereina Chinese ka kawea te whanaketanga ōhanga pūmau o rua China ko Russia, me te mahi kia rite ki te hononga pai i waenganui i Europe a Ahia.

I tua atu, i te ara "Moscow - Beijing" Ka whai wāhi ki te whanaketanga o te Federal District Urals. piri ia te teihana i roto i nga pa taua: Kazan, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, a ka - Astana (katatānga), Urumqi ko Beijing. Ko te mahi matua, me te tuatahi, ko te ki te hono nui-tere huarahi Moscow me Kazan. Ki tenei mutunga, ka whakarato China tona hangarau, a ka haumi $ 10 piriona. Kei te whakaritea te reira ki te whakaoti i te kaupapa i te 2030.

"Moscow - Kazan" - te auau hou

Highway "Moscow - Kazan" ka meinga e taea ki te whakaiti i te wā noho i runga i te huarahi ki runga ki te 3.5 haora. Ko tōna toronga atu ki Yekaterinburg ka tukua ki te taupoki ana i te tawhiti o te 1595 km i roto i te 8 haora. kaupapa i whakamāheretia ai o runga ki te 400 km / h tereina nui-tere i runga i te ara. ka whai whakatere tereina rohe i te tawhiti o te 200 km i te tere o te 200 km / h.

I runga i te ara kua whakamaheretia te ki whai wāhi whakatere te pō tereina roa-hao, me te utanga, me te ipu Tuhinga. tau Tere e 160 km / h. Whakaotia te raina rerewhenua "Moscow - Kazan" e whakaritea i roto i te 2018. He aha e tona hanga? Matua ki te whakarato mahi mō te taupori. Tohunga tautohe e ka tauturu i te hanga o te ara i roto i te Urals whakaora te matatini ahumahi katoa. Kotahi kiromita ka tango raina rerewhenua e pā ana ki 16 mano mita pūtoru o kirikiri pai, e pā ana ki 15 mano toni o whakapakaritia hanganga raima o te kounga tiketike rawa, 125 toni o rino, me te 25 taranata o te tukutuku rail. Hoki te hoko o enei rauemi i ki waho ka rapua e te nui o te moni, e ka nui ake te utu o te kaupapa, me te, na reira, kia i wahi ki te whakapai ake i hanga hangarau, me te whakapiki ake i ō rātou kounga. Ka taea e pakihi Local akakoromaki i tenei raruraru, me te whakarite kia hoki te maha nga tau iwi mahi.

"Moscow - Don"

huanui Federal "Moscow - Don" M4, na te ingoa hoki i te mutunga o te rau tau whakamutunga, i hanga i roto i te tau 1967. I rere te ara i te whakapaipai i roto i te Voronezh ki Rostov-i runga i-Don, a i rua huarahi ki 7 mita te whānui i taua wa. I roto i te tīmatanga o 1991 i atu te ara e 500 km, a ko tona ūnga whakamutunga te Novorossiysk. Heoi he ara hou M4 "Don" i te tua o ngā wāhi rerekē. Ko reira ngā e ko te reira i te teihana huarahi takoha tuatahi ki te ara e ko he Hlevnoe kainga autaki ka i he roa o te 20 km.

I teie mahana te huanui "Moscow - Don" Ko te pai i roto i Russia. Ko te drawback anake ko e i roto i te raumati, ko te ki tonu o cars reira i roto i te kotahi me te i roto i te tahi atu i te aronga. E rave rahi o waho ake a Moscow me haere ki o ratou hapu i runga i tau faafaaearaa ki te moana. arata'i te ara ki te Krasnodar ko Stavropol Territories, Rostov Oblast ko Crimea. Hoki i te wa taua aia e te momo o huawhenua me hua i te rohe tonga o Russia ki Moscou, St Petersburg me nga rohe o te raki o te whenua.

I roto i te wā hotoke i runga i ngā wāhanga motuhake o te ara, ina koa i roto i Krasnodar, te wahi haere te ara i roto i nga maunga, kia tupuai me tio kaha. Ka taea e kino huarere te ārai waka i runga i te ara mo te torutoru nga ra. Ko te kupu, ko te huānga i roto i 2009, ki te aukati i te kaupapa o te waka katoa ki runga ki te rori unrepaired rohe i roto i te rohe Rostov mo te torutoru nga ra.

te tupu pinepine jams waka i wā i roto i te rohe Moscow, rite te utu o ngā wāhanga takoha ka tango i etahi wa - tētahi atu raruraru.

I teihana ara takoha tokomaha, a ka homai a reira he painga nui i runga i nga rori free. Tuatahi, he aratau huarahi M4 i ngā wāhanga o te 130 km / h, me te wahi tino - 110 km / h. Tuarua, i tenei tere titau te reira ko te huarahi nui tata katoa i runga i te ara, a ka he te reira. Tuatoru, i runga i ngā pae utua tomo mahi mō taraiwa - āwhina whawhati tata. whakaaro pai - ataata ki SOS haina katoa 1.5 km. Ki te reira ko te whati rere i roto o te hau ranei, tika tiki ki te pouaka kōwhai, ka e tino ki te āwhina hohoro koutou.

rerewē tere

rārangi rerewē High-tere i roto i tona hītori hutia i roto i te rau tau mua. Ahakoa i roto i nga wa Soviet reira nga mahere ki te hanga tereina nui-tere, pērā i te motokā - he tauira tereina jet. ka mau tona whakamatautauranga wahi i roto i te tau 1970. Next i whakawhanakehia ai i te kaupapa ara nui-tere motuhake, i mahara ki te hono Moscow ki Kharkov ko Lozova ki manga ki Simferopol me Rostov-i runga i-Don. tere haere i runga i taua ara kia 250 km / h.

Kia aroha mai, te tiango o te Soviet Union arahina ki te raruraru ōhanga, a ko nga mahere katoa i roto i te mua tawhiti. Ko te whanaketanga o te tereina nui-tere "Sokol-250" arahina ki ona whakamātautau i roto i te 2000, engari no te mea o te mau hapehape kitea e te Komihana, e kore i hoatu ai ki te mahi. I tua atu, nui te utu o te whakatū ratou ake teitei-tere awhiowhio kararehe te rohe whakaaetia, a ko reira iti ki te hoko kē ngā i roto i Europe, kua haere tereina i te whakamātautau.

hainatia Whakaaetanga i waenganui i JSC "Railways Russian" me te kamupene German Siemens i roto i te tau 2006 mo te tuku o 8 tereina nui-tere, ahei o tere ake ki te 330 km / haora. tukua te tereina tuatahi i roto i te tau 2008, ka mahue i roto i rere i runga i te ara "Moscow -. St. Petersburg" Highway "Moscow - St. Petersburg" ki te whiwhi tereina pono hipokina te tawhiti i waenganui i te pa e rua i roto i te 3 haora, me te 45 meneti.

Ko te muri tereina nui-tere puta i runga i te ara "Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod". wā Travel ko 3 haora 55 meneti. he tuwhera ki ngā pāhihi i waenganui-2010 tenei ara. Na roto i te mutunga o te tau 2010 ka reira e wātea ana kōrero nui-tere o te faufaa ao "St Petersburg - Helsinki".

ara o te whakapaipai

Moscow, rite tetahi metropolis, he maniania ki waka. Te nuinga o te iwi e noho ana i roto i nga wahi mamao ranei haere ki te mahi i roto i te pa mo te hokohoko whakangahau ranei i roto i to koutou ake waka. Ko, kāore, i te hanganga e kore e tukua ki te whakawhānui tonu te ara. Hei whakatau i tēnei take i roto i Moscow faaoti ki te hanga i tētahi huarahi matua nui-tere. I mua ki te tīmatanga o te rau tau XXI te ariā o "ara", me ngā roto i te rohe o te metropolis, kihai kore te tīariari. ka atawhai Whanaketanga o kaupapa hou te waka o 60% o nga huarahi pokapū o te pa.

Kotahi whakaritenga: kia tango huarahi Moscow wahi atu i te wāhi noho, ka whai te tere tiketike. Hei whakaoti i enei raruraru, i whakaritea e te reira ki te whakaiti i te maha o putanga huanui, me kore e tetahi o ratou arahi ki tetahi pokapū hokohoko. E ki he taua taea nekehanga ake i te tere i runga i huarahi ki te 100 km / h.

I teie mahana e matau tatou e pā ana ki te kaupapa o ngā ara e toru: Te Tai Tokerau-Te Tai Rāwhiti, Tonga me Te Tai Tokerau-Te Hau-ā-uru. ka whai rori katoa Ring me kōrero ki tūhonohono. Ēnei rārangi (chord ranei), kia rite ki nga mana, ki te whakakapi i te mowhiti waka tuawha. Hoki tenei whakaaro e whakaritea ai ki te hono i te Te Tai Tokerau-Western me Te Tai Tokerau-Te Tai Rāwhiti o te whakakai tata te hakari o te huarahi, a ka tapahi haere chord Southern te Northwest i te rohe Krylatskoye. Na roto i tenei hononga e taea ki te haere i tetahi pito o te pa ki te tahi atu, i waho tomo te pokapū pa nga taraiwa.

E tutuki e huarahi ao raruraru waka o nga pa nui. Ara ko te haerea, i runga i nga waho o te pa, a ka tukua te whakamahi i te whakawhitiwhitinga piriti whakaarahia mahue te pokapū metropolis noa o te waka faufaa. E ai ki te kaupapa i roto i Moscow kua whakaritea ia e kore me te tangiata pokanoa ki, i te wa ano te taviniraa i te transportation tūmatanui. tikanga o tēnei e te whakawhitinga o ngā wāhi noho, enei huarahi kia rānei whakaarahia ki runga ake i te wahi matua o te huarahi ranei haere raro.

Tere i runga i te huanui, rawa, e kore e ano i tau whakamutunga. e kore e tohunga mai ki te whakaaro i runga i tenei take. He aha te tere whakaaetia i runga i te huarahi i roto i te pa? Ētahi whakapono - kahore ake atu i te 80 km / h, etahi i tautohe e ki te whakanui i te haumaru, e taea te nui haere te tere ki te 100 km / h. Na, kia rite ki mohiotia te, whāngai taua paerewa e pa: e kore e taea e tere nui 60 km / h.

I roto i te Russia tohatoha tenei ra te rota o kaupapa i runga i te hanganga o ara - e rua huarahi me te tereina. korero te reira e pā ana ki te whanaketanga o te ōhanga me te ka whai wāhi ki te toko i te ora o te kāwanatanga rite te katoa.