Hihiani "PWM" (hihiani)

Ko te whanaketanga tere o patu o te whawhai tuu titauraa teitei i runga i ngā āhuatanga rauhanga, me te hangarau o nga tikanga o te ārai fakaaoao taea. kua Hihiani "Daryal" (hihiani) hoki tata e rua tekau tau kua he āhuatanga nui o taua pūnaha.

i runga i te mimiha o

I roto i te 1960, i whakarewahia tētahi hōtaka mo te whakamahinga o missiles ballistic fakavaha'akonitinēnití hou "Minuteman-1" i roto i te US, ahei ki te tīmata i te hēkona ruarua i muri i te fariiraa i te whakahau e tika ana. tātai Kua huria o te taea World War III; te tūranga matua i roto i te faaohiparaa i te patu whakatakotoria te nona inaianei e kore te mea he rererangi me te pere hōia kawe rautaki. I roto i waenganui i te 60raa i painga i te Hononga o Amerika i roto i seventeenfold rawa pai o te tuku o patu karihi, i hanga reira taea ki te whakangaro i te pūmanawa karihi katoa o te Soviet Union kotahi horomia.

Hoki mua whakatūpato o te whawhai haamouraa o te Soviet Union i 1960 ka anga reira ki te hanga i tētahi pūnaha whakatūpato motuhake (EWS).

tautohe ōrite

Ko taau e kore i taea e te tahi mau rangatira hōia kia tino mōhio o te faufaa o te pūnaha hangaia, karanga i te ururua o ngā rauemi tūmatanui mō te taputapu e kore e meinga kino ki te hoariri, ka maka ia ia tākirirangi. I tetahi o te whakaminenga mahu'inga o te Military-Industrial Komihana, i roto i te whakautu ki tētahi atu academician tauākī tino, Rūtene Tianara, faahiti Engineer A. N. Schukin rārangi i Pushkin o "Te Tale o te Cockerel Golden" - te hunga i reira te "vstrepenetsya kaititiro pono, tahuri a tawhio noa, me te karanga. .. ". tauira Literary i runga i taunu, me te rite ki te Order Kāwanatanga o 1962 mahi, whakarewahia he kaupapa ki te hanga i te matatini o te kite wawe o missiles taumai. Ko te whakatupuranga hihiani tuatahi "Dniester" me te putanga whakarerekētia o reira, "Dnepr", i mua i te whakatakoto ki mahi, kore nāianei. kihai i taea e ki te whakahaere i te missiles hoariri pea ki warheads maha rahi iti ratou.

Katoa-te kitenga kanohi

I roto i 1966, te Radio Engineering Institute, timata mahi i runga i te hanga o te hihiani faufaa hou ki te kaha nui o te radiation - hihiani "Daryal", te kaha ki te kitea he ahanoa te rahi o te pōro poiwhana i te tawhiti o te 6 mano Km.. whakaritea kaihoahoa rangatira ko Viktor Ivantsov. mahara te hihiani whare tuatahi "Daryal" i ki te hanga i runga i te pere-aronga. Neke atu i te te tuatoru o e wātea ana katoa i roto i te täoro ki US o missiles fakavaha'akonitinēnití i hāngai ana ki te whakapaipai o te Soviet Union - Moscow - me ngā wāhi pokapū o te whenua, ki te ara e rere ki runga ki te Te Tai Tokerau Pou. whakakitea tātaitanga tuatahi o tohunga e me whakanohoia te teihana rite tata rite taea ki te raki (pakeke i roto i te rohe o Franz Josef Whenua), engari he hanga nui-tauine i roto i te tikanga Arctic pakeke tū he wero nui. I whakaritea e te reira ki te whakatū i te tipu i roto i te tuawhenua.

"Daryal" RLS. Komi ASSR

I roto i te tikanga ki te tohatoha i tīpakohia wāhi e tata ana te pa o Pechora, 200 anake km i te Arctic Circle. Nā ki te kohi mana nui o te taputapu, ka anga wā kotahi te kaupapa ki te hanga o te Pechora GRES i 1974. I te ngakau o "Daryal" Hihiani ko te whānuitanga nui o ngā taputapu, arā, o ngā waeine neke atu i 4 mano. E-irirangi. E mokowā whare roroa te fariiraa (100 m), me te whakawhitihia (40 m) o Antennas motu e te tetahi tawhiti, mirimita faata'i. Energy me te wai te kohi o te teihana i ōrite ki te hiahia o te waenganui o te pa, he taupori o 100 mano. Tangata. Pulse mana hihiani "Daryal" ( "Pechora" - Pechora, kia rite ki NATO whakarōpū) i te tihi nui 370 MW.

Hoki ratonga me te whakakapinga poraka radioelementnyh poua ngohi pūihi (PAR) i roto i te mahi matatini robotic motuhake whakaratohia te. Ko te pūtake o te pūnaha teihana rorohiko he rorohiko pere-whakarara e hāngai ana microprocessor-taea o te whakaputa neke atu i te 5 miriona ngā mahi ia te rua.

Tuatahi i roto i te rārangi o te ohipa

Pechora hihiani "Daryal" i roto i te Hānuere 1984, pai haere te raupapa o ngā whakamātautau, i hoatu ki te mahi. Kaihanga me te tokotoko engineering i taea ki te whakatau i te rā kati, ahakoa te nui o te taiao, me te mau fifi o te natura hangarau. Hei tauira, mā te ringihia te papa turanga ohorere patua hukapapa. Kia kore ai raima i patu mīti i tauturu ara Russian - mahana ranunga kāinga i electrodes mā te tono ngaohiko ki a ratou.

puta tētahi atu āhuatanga ohotata i roto i te whakaaetanga. Mau wharau ahi radiotransparent whakawhitihia pokapū. Nā ki te kore o te taputapu paerewa firefighting tahuna ake atu i te 80% o te mata. Whakaoreore rāhui katoa taea, i roto i nga marama e rua o te hanga tipu i roto i te Syzran hua i te kānawehi hou (ki te waihanga i roto i te aratau noa e rapu utu i te iti rawa i te tau), a, no te mau hopearaa ka taea o te ahi kua to'o. Hoki tohutoro: i roto i te tirohanga o te raruraru, kua hangaia te taupoki o te rauemi kore-combustible ki te whai i te kaupapa hihiani.

I roto i te rōpū wāhi

Ko te tuatahi o te kaupapa, ki te inoi i runga i hihiani mataara "Daryal" ( "Pechora"). Photos hanga homai he whakaaro mārama o te hōkai o te mahi whakamana. Just i ki te hanga i tetahi atu e ono wae rite kei i runga i te paenga o te whenua, kati te wāhi o te mowhiti te rapu o te hihiani:

• "Gabala", Azerbaijani SSR.
• "Skrunda", SSR Latvian.
• "Tai", Mukachevo, Ukrainian SSR.
• "Balkhash", Kazakh SSR.
• "Mishelevka", Irkutsk Region.
• "Yeniseysk", Krasnoyarsk Territory.

Kōpuku Pechora mana tonu o te aronga te raki katoa. Ko te tuarua, me te whakamutunga, whakatinana me te hoatu ki te mahi te wāhanga tuatahi o te kaupapa, ko te teihana i roto i Azerbaijan.

I te kaitiaki o nga rohe tonga

Ko te hanga o te ahanoa tata te kainga. Kutkashen (i muri i te parariraa o te USSR - Gabala) tīmata i roto i te käwanatanga hou Caucasian i roto i 1982. Ko te rohe o te mahi hipokina neke atu i te 200 heketea. i whai wāhi e pā ana ki 20 mano. kaihanga hōia. whakaaro Rā inoi hihiani "Daryal" ( "Gabala") i runga i ohipa whawhai e ki kia i Hui-tanguru 1985, ahakoa oti te mahi hanga tonu i roto i tika e toru nga tau i muri mai. Ko te rerekētanga hanganga whakaminenga Gabala matua - te kore o te pūnaha rorohiko. Ko te raraunga whiwhi tirotiro päpäho pokapū mōhiohio "waka" me "Square", kei roto i te wahi o waho ake.

Kei te tino whakahaere te teihana i te aronga rautaki tonga, hipoki te whenua o Hauti Arapia, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Africa Te Tai Tokerau, Pakistan ko India, te nuinga o te Indian Ocean, tae atu i te rohe o Ahitereiria. Kua whakapumautia teihana hihiani Gabala te kairangi hangarau i roto i te pakanga Iran-Iraq tika tuhi i te whawhai katoa tīmata Iraqi missiles "Scud" (139 RW.) A i roto i "Operation Koraha Storm" (302 tīmata).

I muri i te tiango o te Soviet Union mutu te whakaaetanga i waenganui i nga kāwanatanga o Russia, a Azerbaijan ka tukua te pae ki te tonga o te pae maunga Caucasus kawe wā mahi kaha tae noa ki 2012, ka i ahu mai te teihana i te pūnaha whakatūpato wawe Russian.

Whakaaturia i Skrunda

I roto i te waenganui 80-doma o te rau tau whakamutunga, 4 km i te pa o Skrunda (SSR Latvian), i muri ki te "Dnepr" ngā hihiani (ahanoa "Skrunda-1"), te hanganga o tetahi "Daryal" momo hoahoa. I muri i te hanga o te pūihi tangohanga me te tuku o te taputapu (1990), i riro ai e ka whakamahia te wāhanga tuatahi o te "Dnepr" hihiani rite te tuku. Otira i muri motuhake, te lepupilika Baltic, ka Latvia te taonga o te ahanoa. Ko te mau tautooraa o te taha Russian ki tiaki i te hihiani hua pai kahore i tukua ra, a i te 1994 ngā hōia Russian mahue te teihana.

He tau i muri mai, i whakangaromia te pūihi fariiraa i te mau melo o te kamupene American. Kua faaite tohunga Foreign Latvians whakaatu tūturu. I mua i te pahūtanga, hanga e ratou i runga i te tiketike katoa o te whare mumura ātaahua, me i muri i triggering o te hanganga tiaki matua hinga, maka ia he Rapa.

Ko te mea ngaro o te hihiani Krasnoyarsk

Ko te fakapapau o nga kaihanga o mua, me ngā kaimahi o te kōpuku "yeniseysk-15", i te teihana i te kaha o te radiation, te pūngao o e taea tūkino i te hikohiko o te pūnaha navigation pere ballistic. Na ahakoa reira ko inaianei te mōhiotia. I roto i te manakohia o te hoariri pea mua, a roto i te tīmatanga o nga 90 ki te hoa rautaki - te United States, tata rite ki te pato i hihiani "Daryal" i te wāwāhitanga. Ko te take ōkawa te meka e te whakanohonga o te teihana, he tika ke ki te tikanga o te Tiriti ABM.

Whakangaromanga o te hinonga pa-hanga tahuri ki te kino fakaetangatá mo te kainga yeniseysk-15. ngaro atu atu i te mano iwi ratou mahi, me oranga mooni whakarerea e te kāwanatanga ki te haapa'o ratou. Pea i roto i te uri ake nei ka kitea te whakahoki ki te pātai o nei tatatia te teihana hihiani Krasnoyarsk "Daryal". Whakaahua o te toenga o whare grandiose i roto i te ngakau o te taiga Siberian ko te tuhinga pukapuka pai.

Irkutsk, Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine

Ko te teihana i roto i te rohe Irkutsk i hoatu ki te mahi i roto i te 1992, engari e rua nga tau i muri mai mothballed te whare. Mai 1999, whakamahia te wae pokapū haukāinga, ki te ako i te huru o runga. E ono matahiti i teie nei, i te wāwāhitanga o te hanga, wetekina ake wāhi mo te hanganga o te whakatupuranga i muri o te hihiani.

"Daryal" tata te pa o Balkhash i rāwhiti katatānga i 2002 i tukua ki nga mana o te kāwanatanga Ariki. rite ki te hua o te ahi nui e rua nga tau i muri mai, tino tahuna te hanga o, a ka i tahaetia nga toenga o nga āhuatanga hanganga me te taputapu. I te pae hopea, hinga te whare i roto i te tau 2010.

Ahanoa i runga i Cape Chersonese, Sevastopol ko Mukachevo tata (Western Ukraine) whakarerea oti, a i te wāwāhitanga i roto i te 2000.

whakangungu rakau karihi Russian

Ko te āputa hua i roto i te pere korero Russia kia tino faaore i te pūnaha whakatūpato wawe o te whakatupuranga hou i runga i te pūtake o te momo hihiani "Voronezh" wheketere-huihui. Time me ngā rauemi ki te hanga i enei wae tino heke, whakaritea ki te "Daryalami" Kua tukua e i roto i te tekau tau whakamutunga ki te hoatu ki te mahi e whitu taua teihana. E integrated whakaurunga ki te pūnaha pere korero (NMD), a kahore o ratou mahi ngā te rapunga anake o ngā taumata, engari aroturuki hoki, me te arotahi.

I tua atu, ka rite ki te tārua, i roto i te take o te kore o nga teihana matua, hanga he pūnaha paku-hihiani. Kei te ngāwari ke ana tenei taputapu rite te ipu kaipuke ohie a taea te kei hea. Ko tino motuhake me te aunoa mahi matatini.