Hihiani - reira ... Definition, momo, parau tumu whakahaere. hihiani

Hihiani - he kohinga o ngā tikanga pūtaiao me te tikanga e mahi mo te whakatau i te take, me ngā āhuatanga o te ahanoa i te tikanga o ngaru irirangi. Kei te maha te whare whakamātautau tuku ki rite te ūnga hihiani (ranei te ūnga).

parau tumu hihiani

e karangatia taputapu irirangi me tikanga tikanga ki te mahi i ngā mahi hihiani pūnaha hihiani, pūrere (hihiani RLN ranei) ranei. Fundamentals o hihiani i runga i nga ari tinana me ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei:

• Te taiao whakatö ngaru irirangi, tūtaki nga taonga ki rerekē āhuatanga hiko, kua marara ki runga ki a ratou. kitea Ngaru i te ūnga (tona marama ake ranei), ka taea te pūnaha hihiani ki te kitea, ka tautuhi i te ūnga.
• I tawhiti nui Whakatö tangohia tika i te tere aumou i roto i te taiao mohiotia. hanga ana tēnei whakaaro e taea ki te whanganga i te tawhiti ki te ūnga me ona taunga t (ki etahi hapa).
• I runga i te pūtake o te pānga Doppler, e tātai te auau o te tohu kitea riro tere toropā o te pūwāhi radiation ngā RLN.

mōhiohio hītori

I runga i te kaha ngaru irirangi ki te pei tohu i te ahupūngao nui H. Hertz me hiko Russian AS Popov i roto i te rau tau mutunga o XIX. E ai ki te ārai i 1904, whakaturia te hihiani tuatahi ake he mataaro Tiamana Karl Hyulmayer. Ko te pūrere, i karangatia e ia telemobiloskopom, whakamahia i roto i kaipuke, i ui ai te Rhine. I roto i te hononga ki te whanaketanga o te rererangi engineering whakamahi hihiani titiro rawa whaihua rite te huānga korero. Rangahau i roto i tenei rohe ko te tohunga ārahi i roto i nga whenua maha.

I roto i 1932, te parau tumu taketake o te hihiani fakamatala'i i ana i tuhituhi ai kairangahau Leningrad Institute o Electrophysics (Leningrad Electrophysical Institute) Pavel Kondratevich Oschepkov. Б.К. He hoki ia, i roto i te mahi tahi ki te hoa BK Shembel ko vv i whakaaturia Tsimbalinym raumati o 1934 te hihiani tauira, kei te ūnga e i te teitei o 150 m ki tawhiti o 600 m. mahi atu i runga i te whakapai ake o te hihiani ko ki te whakapiki ake i te whānuitanga o ratou mahi, me te whakapai ake i te tika o te whakatau i te wāhi ūnga.

momo hihiani

Nature o ngā taumata radiation hiko kōrero maha ngā momo o hihiani:

• He hihiani hāngū e tūhura ana i te radiation tūturu (waiariki, hiko, me te rite), e mahia e te ūnga (missiles, rererangi, ngā wāhi).
• Tino kawea atu ki te urupare hohe i roto i te take, ki te rite rawa te ahanoa te me ona ake tuku me te pāhekoheko ki a ratou e wahi i runga i te hātepe "tono - whakautu".
• whakautu hāngū Active tā te ako o Tuarua (kitea) irirangi. Hihiani i roto i tenei take ngā o te tuku, me te kaiwhiwhi.
• hihiani Semi-hohe - ko te take motuhake kaha, i roto i te take i reira kei te pūoko radiation kitea te radars (hei tauira, he huānga hanganga whāhoki missiles).

He painga tūturu me ngā huakore ia momo.

Methods me ngā taputapu

whakaurunga hihiani katoa i runga i te tikanga i whakamahia ki te faaite i te hihiani radiation tonu, me te pākau i.

Kei roto i te tuatahi i roto i tona hanganga, he tuku, me te kaiwhiwhi radiation mahi wā kotahi, me te tonu. E ai ki tenei parau tumu, kua hanga nga whakaaro hihiani tuatahi. He tauira o te pūnaha taua taea te mahi radioaltimetr (pūrere rererangi whakatau tango i te rererangi i te mata whenua) ranei mohiotia ki kaitaraiwa katoa hihiani mō te whakatau i te rohe tere o te waka.

A, no te tukuna tikanga he pini pūngao hiko i roto i ngātere poto o te torutoru microseconds. I muri whakaputa i te teihana tohu kei te mahi anake i runga i te fariiraa. I muri i te kohikohi me te rēhita i te radiowaves hihiani kitea whakawhiti i te pini hou, me te e toutou nga huringa.

aratau Hihiani

E rua ngā momo taketake o te mahi o teihana me ngā pūrere hihiani. Origin - karapa wāhi. Kei te kawea te reira i roto i tino rite ki te pūnaha tomu'a. I roto i te arotake raupapa kia neke hihiani kurupae o porohita, helical, koeke, pūāhua sectored. Hei tauira, kia koané te ngohi pūihi kia āta i roto i te porowhita (i roto i te Azimuth) ia matawai i roto i te tairanga (tahoro ake a raro). I roto i te tūtohi hihiani matawai kurupae whakarara kawea hihi. Ia kua te tukatuka ona ake kaiwhiwhi maha awa mōhiohio.

tikanga Aroturuki aratau directivity tamau o te pūihi ki te ahanoa i tīpakohia. Hoki tona tahuri, i runga i te trajectory o te ūnga neke, te whakamahi i ngā pūnaha aroturuki aunoa motuhake.

Ko te hātepe papatono mō te whakatau i te whānui me te aronga

Ko te tere whakatö o ngaru hiko i roto i te huru ko te 300 mano. Km / s. Na reira, i mohio te wa pau tohu päpäho ki te taupoki ana i te tawhiti i te teihana ki te ūnga me hoki, he mea ohie ki te tātai i te tawhiti o te ahanoa. Ki te mahi i tenei me tika te tuhi koe i te wa o te tuku i te pini me te wa o te whakatamarikitanga o te tohu kitea.

Hoki ngā mōhiohio i runga i te wāhi o te ūnga whakamahia muramura, hihiani. Faaotiraa o te Azimuth me tairanga (te tairanga tairanga ranei) o te ahanoa hua ki te kurupae pūihi kuiti. hihiani Modern whakamahia hoki tenei Antennas ngohi poua (PAR) ahei ki te whakaturia te kurupae whaiti, ka āhuatanga e te tere hurihanga tiketike. Tikanga, whakamana te tukanga matawai wāhi e kurupae i te iti rawa e rua.

Ko te tawhā matua o ngā pūnaha

Mai i ngā āhuatanga rauhanga, me te hangarau o te taputapu, tei reira te nuinga i runga i te tōtika me te kounga o ngā mahi.

Hoki ngā tohu hihiani rauhanga hopohopo:

• mara o te tirohanga, iti te iti me te whānuitanga mōrahi o rapunga ūnga, he koki Azimuth tika, me te tairanga koki.
• Resolution i roto i te awhe, Azimuth, tairanga, me te tere (te kaha ki te whakatau i te tawhā o ngā taumata pātata).
• tika Measurement, whanganga nei i te aroaro o hapa matotoru, nahanaha tupurangi ranei.
• wātea i te mate Noise me te tika.
• Ko te tohu o te aunoatanga o tiki me te tukatuka i te awa raraunga taumai o ngā mōhiohio.

Ko te āhuatanga rauhanga tohua whakatakotoria i te hoahoa whakaaro e etahi tawhā hangarau, i roto i nei ko:

• auau kawe, me puoro o te oscillations hanga;
• tauira pūihi;
• whakawhitihia te mana me ngā pūrere te whiwhi;
• āhuatanga me te taimaha o te pūnaha.

Raina o te ohipa

Hihiani - Ko te taputapu pūkenga e kua whakamahia whānuitia i roto i te ao hōia, pūtaiao, me te ōhanga. Te whakamahi te whakawhānui tamau whakawhetai ki te whanaketanga me te whakapai ake o te tikanga hangarau me hangarau o inenga.

Ko te whakamahi o te hihiani i roto i te rängai hōia taea te whakaoti i te raruraru nui o te arotake, me te aroturuki o te wāhi, te rapunga o rangi, whenua, me te wai ngā whāinga pūkoro. Kahore hihiani e taea ki te whakaaro i te taputapu e te kaimahi ki te whakamōhio i te pūnaha whakatere me ngā pūnaha whakahaere pū.

turanga hihiani Military ko te wahi o te whakatūpato rautaki o te whakaeke pere me korero pere integrated.

radioastronomy

Tonoa e te ngaru irirangi i te mata whenua me kua kitea i ngā roto i te wāhi e tata ana, me te waho, me te i runga i mutu whenua. i maha ahanoa wāhi taea ki tino tirotiro anake ki te whakamahi o mea whatu, me te whakamahi anake o tikanga hihiani i roto i te tātai arorangi tuku i te taonga o te mōhiohio e pā ana ki to ratou natura, me te hanganga. Hoki te wā tuatahi kua he hihiani hāngū mō te tūhura kaupeka kua whakamahia e te arorangi Amerika me te Hungarian i roto i 1946. Huri noa te wa taua, i matapōkeretia tangohia reira me tohu irirangi i wāhi waho.

whātata Modern te fariiraa i pūihi kua te āhua o te peihana porohita kōpapa nui (rite te whakaata o te reflector whatu). Ko te nui o te diameter, te ngoikore te tohu e taea e te pūihi te tango. mahi whātata irirangi maha matatini, te whakakotahi whakaaro kore anake kei tata ki tahi i te tahi, engari kei runga i fenua rerekē. I roto i te mahi tino nui o te tātai arorangi hou - te ako o pulsars me ikarangi ki te karihi hohe, te ako o te reo interstellar.

tono ā-

I roto i te ahuwhenua me te rākau, he mahuinga mō whiwhi mōhiohio i runga i te tohatoha me te mātotoru o ngā huānga tipu, ako te hanganga, ngā tawhā me ngā momo o te oneone, te kitenga wā o ahi pūrere hihiani. I roto i te geography me te arowhenua hihiani whakamahia te ki te mahi mahi matawhenua, me te geomorphological, whakatau i te hanganga me te hanganga o nga kamaka, kitea putunga kohuke. aroturuki i te tikanga hihiani maatauranga wai me te Oceanography te wai matua o te whenua, te hukarere me te hukapapa, mahere te takutai.

Hihiani - Ko he kaiāwhina mahuinga ia ki meteorologists. Hihiani ngāwari kitea i roto i te āhua o te kōhauhau i te tawhiti o tekau o kiromita, ka i te tātaritanga o te raraunga, he huringa matapae i roto i ngā āhuatanga huarere i roto i ētahi wāhi.

opuaraa whanaketanga

Hoki paearu aro mātai matua hihiani hou ko te ōwehenga o te tōtika me te kounga. E pā ana te kakama ki te āhuatanga whānui rauhanga, me te hangarau o te taputapu. Te hanga i te hihiani tino - te engineering matatini me te raruraru pūtaiao-hangarau, te whakatinanatanga o te mea taea anake ki te whakamahi o te whakatutukitanga hou o Electromechanics me te hikohiko, Informatics me te mana rorohiko.

Tohunga matapae e i roto i te heke mai tata, nga wae mahi matua o teihana o ngā taumata o te whīwhiwhi me te whakaaro e mārō-kāwanatanga hohe (ngā huānga poua) ngohi poua, e tahuri tohu tairitenga ki mamati. Ko te whanaketanga o te pūnaha rorohiko e whakaaunoa tino te whakahaere me te mahi taketake o te hihiani, whakarato i te mutunga kiritaki he tātaritanga matawhānui o te mōhiohio riro.