Hopi - he ... Tātai me tono o te hopi

Hopi - Ko te ingoa ōpaki o te taonga Utaina e karanga konurehu pākawa waro. mohiotia ana tēnei tote e ki te iwi mai i nga wa onamata, ko te mea hoki i roto i te reira i roto i te pungarehu. I mua, kua tuku tenei kupu ki te toenga maroke i muri i te whakaetonga o te otinga ngingiha whakato. Na, he aha kei te mohiotia inaianei e pā ana ki pāhare pāporo?

tātai

Ko tētahi atu ingoa mō tenei taonga - hopi. A ko ona tātai matū tuhituhia rite - K ₂ CO _3. tohu te reira i te tote pāhare pāporo toharite, me te waikawa carbonic. Tenei te tikanga e kore he waikawa taketake ranei te otinga hopi, he reira kūpapa. Hoki te wa roa i raruraru ai ki te houra tunutunu - NaHCO _3.

Ko te hītori o te kitenga, me te ako

O te akoranga, e kore matou e matau mo te tino nei ko te hopi tuatahi, pera i mohiotia e ia i roto i Kariki tawhito me Roma. Na ka ka whakahokia mai ai i nga pungarehu, a whakamahia mō te horoi. Ko reira pākiki e mo te wa roa i raruraru ai ki tetahi atu taonga - warorua pāhare pāporo. Ko te waia houra tunutunu, hopi - tahi i huaina ratou tai kawakore tika ranei kawakore. Wehewehe i waenganui i a ratou ka anga i roto i te rau tau XVIII-XIX. Hoki te wā tuatahi ka reira mohiotia i roto i 1759, ka kitea Andreas Marggraf e te houra ko he kohuke kawakore, pāhare pāporo i - te tipu. A i roto i te tau 1807 whakapumautia Gemfri Devi te hanganga matū o ia o enei matū.

Ko te whakahua tuatahi o te hanga o te hopi kōrero ki te rau tau XIV. Kei te tū te kamupene nui i roto i Germany me te whenua Scandinavian. whakamahia konurehu pākawa waro i roto i ngā wheketere hopi, ahumahi kakahu, otaota tae. I roto i te rau tau XV i roto i te whakataetae tae atu Russia. I mua kahore e tohatoha hopi i te pungarehu i mohio pehea, engari kaweake noa nga hua o te parariraa me, hei tauira, kaka. Kei te hiahiatia hoki Glass ahumahi e rua i roto i Russia, a ki waho i roto i tenei mea. tupu tono, a ka tupu, ka whakahere ki a ia.

E te ara, te ingoa "hopi" - te reira noa te tikanga tohu o tona production i roto i te tawhito. Ko te meka ko e i Latin tangi reira rite potassa, i roto i te tahuri ko e he hononga o nga kupu "pungarehu" me "kohua".

Āhuatanga matū, ōkiko

I roto i te akoranga o ngā ki tenei taonga, riro pūtaiao mōhiohio e pā ana ki enei atu mau huru tūturu i roto i reira ranei. I teie mahana, e matau ana tatou e, i raro i ngā āhuatanga noa, hopi parakore - he totoka i roto i te puka o te tioata taekore te puehu ma ranei. Ko tōna kiato - 2.43 g / cm ^3. konurehu Temperature pākawa waro te rewanga - 891 degrees. He hygroscopicity tiketike.

e kore ko te pahūtanga ahi ranei pūmate tēnei taonga. I roto i te whakapā ki te kiri hou tumu membrane mucous ranei. Ko te kupu, no reira ki te toru te piha haapiiraa o te ati.

Ngā momo me ngā puka

E rua ngā momo o te tau hopi: calcined me polutoravodny. I roto i te rerekē, i te tuarua, kei te puka tuatahi, kahore he wai - i roto i calcining reira evaporates me tango matū organic, hua i roto i te otinga o te konurehu pākawa waro o tenei momo riro tino taekore.

I tua atu, i hanga te rereketanga kei waenganui i te pāhare pāporo me ngā momo emit toru anake. Ko te kounga o te hua whakamutunga tei runga i te ihirangi o poke pērā i te rino, te konumohe, te pūhau, te konutai me te ngāwhā. tangohia hoki ki pūkete ka tautapa te kōeke hautanga papatipu o te Koinei Nā i roto i te otinga, me te mate i runga i pātīmata.

tangohanga

Ahakoa kahore he te whakamahi o te hopi i roto i te taua tauine nui, i te mea he te take ki te houra tunutunu, te tonu kaha whakamahia reira e te iwi. Ko runga ake katoa me te reira ki te tiki. I roto i te rahinga iti taea te mahi i te reira noa i te kāinga.

Tuatahi o te katoa e hiahia ana koe ki te tiki i to ratou ringa ki runga ki te pungarehu o te tipu takenga. Na ka ko reira tika ki te tareka reira i roto i te nui tetahi o te wai wera, ata whakaoho me te tatari i etahi wa. Next, ki te tīmata ki te whakaeto otinga hopi ki te ranunga o ngā matū waro e meinga rerenga o tioata. Noatia, konurehu pākawa waro, tīpakohia i roto i te tikanga ōrite, i reira ka kia o kounga tiketike, a ka pau tautooraa nui rawa whakaritea ki te nui. Na, o te akoranga, i runga i te tauine ahumahi he rerekē katoa.

Ko te kupu, ähua he wairewa konurehu pākawa waro waiwai te ki CO _2, e arata'i ki te hanganga o KHCO _3. Te reira i, i roto i te tahuri, he wera, me reira he wai, me te hauhā papī i roto i te toenga - hopi tīmata.

He e E maha ngā huarahi ki te whiwhi i tēnei rauemi, ko te māmā me te whai hua te nuinga te hunga whakaahuatia mua.

tukatuka

Ka rite ki kua whakahuatia, i reira e rua ngā momo o te tau hopi - calcined me polutoravodny. Pehea, Na, puta tukatuka konurehu pākawa waro mo tetahi tetahi momo ranei?

Tuatahi o te katoa, ratou ara rerekē te tātai. Polutoravodny titiro rite: K ₂ CO ₃ + 1,5h ₂ E, i.e. kei reira wai te tīmatanga. Heoi, ko reira ara atu hygroscopic atu noa. Mai taea te rite tenei puka me te puka anhydrous - he feunga wera ki te 130-160 degrees paura.

puka Calcined whiwhi i roto i te tukatuka o konurehu pākawa waro, i whiwhi i te whakaetonga o te otinga pungarehu i roto i te, purena rakau. e kore tenei taonga e rawa ma, na me rānei calcined reira calcined ranei. I muri mai i tetahi o enei ngā tukanga, kua whiwhi konurehu paura ma pākawa waro, a ko tona otinga - tino taekore. I roto i tenei take, e kore e te rauemi i roto i te wai.

te whakamahi o

Kua roa te reira, a tonu pāhare pāporo pākawa waro i roto i ngā momo e hāngai ana i roto i te maha ngā ahumahi, me ki nga take tino rerekē. Hei tauira, Kei te whakamahia tonu tona kaha whakamiharo ki te pure i roto i te hanga o te hopi, me te tahi atu matū whare.

I tua atu, hopi - ārai makariri tāpiri ki te kumete. Ka rite ki taua, taea reira ranunga ki te waiho atu ātete ki te matao, e hanga ana e ia taea ki te haere tonu ki te hanga noa i pāmahana tika iti. Ko tōna painga nui i runga i ngā hua rite ko e kore e meinga te reira te waikura o ngā hanganga, me te te hanganga o efflorescence, e taea pā te kaha o te hanganga.

Tonu pāhare pāporo pākawa waro whakamahia i roto i te hanga o te karaihe karaihe, me hoki tuku kōrero-kounga tiketike. Whakakapia ia i roto i tenei mea kahore. Kore he ki reira tetahi analogues o tenei taonga, hei tauira, i roto i te hanga o te karaihe whakangutungutu.

E mea pinepine hopi - he wāhanga tae i roto i te ahumahi matū e whakamahia reira ki te takanga mai hauwai sulfide i ranunga hau - ki tenei pakari ia nui, pai atu i te houra. Reira ia me te wahi i roto i te ahumahi ho'oraa: whai wāhi pākawa waro konurehu te i roto i te tahi mau tauhohenga, a i roto i te tahi mau wahi puta rite te pānga taha. Tētahi atu wāhi o te tono - ahi mahi. tukinotia e tenei taonga te hanganga rakau, reira te whakanui ake ratou resistance ahi.

He maere te reira, engari hopi - ko reira ano hoki te tāpiri kai. Tona waehere - E501 kia no reira ki te piha haapiiraa o E. hoki te ia i whakamahia ai i roto i te mahi rare, hei tauira, i roto i te hanga o te Gingerbread. I roto i te ahumahi marama, kua whai wāhi hoki tenei taonga i roto i te tukanga o te tanning.

I te pae hopea, te opuaraa tiketike o te tono o hopi i roto i te hanga o te māota-free maniua pāhare pāporo. Ash rite whakamahia i roto i tenei i mua noa, engari i roto i te tekau tau tata, whakakapia reira te production ahumahi whakakakahuria. Pea i roto i te heke mai tata ka tono te tikanga i runga i te tauine nui, kua roa kua mohiotia, me te he iti kino ka whakaritea ki te maniua kohuke tono tenei ra.

atu āhuatanga

Ka rite ki tau hopi - he taonga tino hygroscopic, tona tākai, rokiroki me te transportation kei raro tikanga motuhake. Tikanga, nga peke e rima-apa whakamahia mō te tākai o konurehu pākawa waro. Ko te ara anake ki te karo i tomo ki hiahiatia o te wai ki roto ki tenei taonga.

I tua atu, Koinei, ahakoa te tauhohe tino ki H ₂ E, Kei te tino memeha konurehu pākawa waro ki te hauwaiwaro me te waihā ewaro.