Toi me whakangahau, Tuhinga

I te whanau ia, ka mate Bunin? Ivan Bunin: tau o te ora

matau maha kaipānui i te whanau ia, a mate Bunin. A me pehea maha mahara e ko te reira he rohi pehe Russian nui, me te kaituhi, e tuhituhi e pā ana ki te parariraa o te rangatira Russian? A, pea, e mohio ana torutoru rawa iwi e ko Ivan te kaituhi Russian tuatahi nei riro te Nobel i 1833. A i roto i te tikanga ki te mārama me pēhea te ia tutuki taua hua, e hiahia ana koe he iti bit maheni ki tona haurongo.

Childhood o te heke mai o te toa

I roto i te tau 1870, i roto i Voronezh, i te whenua o to ratou mau metua, i whanau ia i te kaituhi heke mai Ivan Bunin. Koroua Ivan i kaipupuri whenua tino whai. Otiia muri iho i te matenga o tana wahine, ka anga ia poauau e maumauria e huru. A he aha te iti i mahue o reira i muri, Bunin papa propyl me ngaro i te tepu kāri. I te tahuri o te rau tau i tata ruha te waimarie te whānau. Bunin kaituhi heke mai mai tamarikitanga ite te tipu impoverishment o te utuafare.

pau te nuinga o te tamarikitanga Ivan i te whenua whānau, te wahi ka mohio ia ki te ora o te peasants. I roto i te 1881, whakauru ia i roto i te kura tūmatanui i roto i Yelets, engari i muri i kua e rima nga tau o ako i waho hoki o fifi pūtea o te whānau, ka i takoha ki te hoki mai te kāinga.

Tuatahi i roto i te mahi, te iwi hou ranei

I te tau o whitu, i hanga Ivan tona tuatahi rite te rohi pehe. Kua puta ana whiti i roto i te buka aamu o St Petersburg "Homeland." I roto i te 1889 aru Ivan Bunin tona tuakana, e i te pānga nui i roto i Kharkov. I reira ka mau ia ki te tūranga o te āpiha tuatahi, ka tango ia i te mahi kia rite ki te kaiāwhina ki te ētita i roto i te nūpepa ā-rohe "Orlovsky Gazette".

tonu Ivan ki te tuhituhi, a he tokomaha o ana kōrero kua whakaputaina i roto i te tahi mau niupepa me makasini. Ki tenei wā no tona hononga roa ki te kaimahi o te niupepa wahi mahi ia, Varvaroy Paschenko. I muri i te tahi mau wa, oho tahi ratou ki Poltava. haamata Bunin ki te arahi i te reta kaha ki Antonom Chehovym, a ratou i runga i te wā hei hoa tino tata. A i roto i te 1894, tutaki Ivan ki Leo Tolstoy. whakamoemititia ia i nga mahi o Leo Tolstoy, engari i tino rerekē ratou whakaaro pāpori, me te morare.

Te rongonui nui, me te whakaaetanga tūmatanui

I te whanau ia, ka mate Bunin, o te akoranga, Me ki mohio, engari he ngā ano hoki reira ki matau, engari ka whakaputaina e ia tona pukapuka tuatahi. A i whakaputaina ai i roto i 1891 i roto i Orel. Ko te pukapuka o rotarota tuhituhia i roto i te wā i 1887 ki te 1891. Ano, ka anga etahi o nga oko, tuhinga, me te Rasskazov Ivana Alekseevicha, i whakaputaina nei i mua i roto i ngā nūpepa me makasini rohe ki te puta i roto i te pukapuka wā o St Petersburg.

Na roto i te 1900, whakaputaina ake atu i te kotahi rau ngā ruri Ivan Bunin. Kei te hoko tino rongonui ki te whānui o ngā kaipānui ngā ana rotarota. I roto i te wā kotahi, whakawhiwhia translation o te mahi "te waiata o Hiawatha" i te Pushkin paraihe, me te te mētara koura o te Russian Academy o Sciences. He maha fakaangá me hoa arotakea te rarity o tona taranata, te huatau, me te mārama o te whakaaro.

I roto i te 1899 marena Bunin Anna Nikolaevna Tsakni. ko ia te tamahine o te Kariki taonga i Odessa. Kia aroha mai, i poto te marena, a ka mate anake te tamaiti i te tau o e rima nga tau. Na kua i roto i te 1906 ora Ivan i roto i te uniana ture ki Vera Nikolayevna Muromtseva. Ko o uara nui nga meka e kore anake e pā ana ki i te whanau ia, ka mate Bunin, hiahia i roto i te tikanga, engari ano hoki ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki tona ora whaiaro me te mahi ki te hunga e ako i te tuakiri Ivana Bunina.

Te whakawhiti i te rotarota ki te tuhi

I te tahuri o te rau tau i hanga Ivan he whakawhitinga nui i te rotarota ki te tuhi, i timata ki te huri i roto i te puka, me te kakano, ka taonga io wetereo. I roto i te 1900 whakaputaina e ia i te pūrākau "Apples Antonov", e muri i ara whakaurua i roto i pukapuka i runga i tuhinga me i kitea rite te faahiahia tūturu tuatahi Bunin.

To'utangatá kōrero i runga i te hua ahurei. tohu te tangata i roto i te pū makehe o te reo, whakaahuatanga mohio o te āhua me te tātari hinengaro taipitopito, ētahi i kite reira rite te hua o te ahua o te koroingo mo te mua o te rangatira Russian. Heoi, kei te hoko rawa rongonui tuhi o Bunin.

mahi mohiotia, he hītori o tona ake whānau ranei

I te tau 1910 i whiriwhiria Ivan rite tetahi o ma rua ngā mema tonu o te Russian Academy o Sciences. A i roto i te tau e whai ake nei whakaputaina tona pūrākau tuatahi unahi-tonu, "te Village", e whakaahua ana i te ora ai hamau i roto i te whenua, e whakaatu ana pēhea te he oti wairangi, nanakia, me te tutu. A i roto i te 1911, whakaputaina ana e ia tona pūrākau tuarua - "Valley maroke".

Tenei whakaahua ana ia te āhua kia päpähotia o te kainga hapori Russian. Hoki i reira ko te whakamārama tuanui o te rangatira Russian pirau, e hāngai ana i runga i te kōrero pono o tona ake whānau. Na ano, te tuhi wehea Bunin fakaangá tuhituhi i roto i to ratou whakaaro. Kua tuhia e te Social Democrats tona faitotonú tino i roto i te mahi, engari he tokomaha etahi i rawa miharo e te tōraro manatārua.

Ko te pakarutanga o te whawhai, ranei te wehi mo te heke mai o te kāwanatanga

pau Bunin a ka Muromtseva toru toetoe i 1912 ki te 1914 ki Maxim Gorky i te motu o Capri. I reira ka tutaki ia ki a Fedorom Shalyapinym me Leonidom Andreevym. A, no te te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, wehea Ivan tona wa i waenganui i te roto i Moscow, me te whenua te utuafare. I fakahoha'asi tamau ia manukanuka ki Russia o te heke mai. Ahakoa ki te haere tonu ki te tuhituhi i roto i tenei wa o Ivan Bunin? Poetry te tuhi ranei? Pehea e te revolution i roto i tona mahi?

ki te mahi pakeke tonu Ivan. I roto i te hotoke o 1914 oti ia te rōrahi hou o te whiti, me te tuhi i huaina "Cup o Life". A i roto i te timatanga o te tau i muri mai i whakaputaina ai, a ka Kei te whānui mohio hoki. I roto i te taua tau e whakaputaina ai i roto i "te Pūwhero i San Francisco". Mahalo te rongonui tino o te kōrero i tuhituhia e Bunin. Tau o pau i roto i Russia ora, ka haere mai ki te mutunga. Tata i te revolution e ka faahepo i te kaituhi nui ki te waiho tona whenua.

Revolution ko Ivan

ite Ivan i wehi, me te whakangaromanga meinga e nga Kominiusi i roto i te Russian Revolution o 1917 tau. I roto i te Aperira o taua tau, ka motuhake i ia here katoa ki Gorky, e kore nei ora ake, ko Mei 21, 1918, riro Ivan Bunin me Muromtseva whakaaetanga mōhiohio ki te haere i Moscow. oho ratou ki Odessa. Hea i ora ai Ivan mō te rua tau i roto i te tumanako e ka e taea ki te whakahoki kia White. Ko horahia hohoro te hepohepo pāhoro puta noa i te kāwanatanga.

I roto i te Hui-tanguru 1920, heke Bunin i te poari i te kaipuke French whakamutunga haere mai i Odessa ki atu mua anti-hapori, a te mutunga noho i roto i Grasse, tonga France. Āta a mauiui upooti'araa i te ahotea hinengaro, hoki Ivan ki tona tuhituhi. e kore e taea te ora, kahore pene me te pepa Ivan Bunin.

tohua hoki tau o tona ora, i pau ia ki waho, ana pukapuka maha, me masterpieces tuhituhi hou. whakaputa e ia tona mahi i mua-pāhoro, kōrero, wā whai wāhi ki te press hekenga Russian. Otiia, he tino uaua ki te kia whakamahia ki te ao hou, a ka whakapono e ngaro ake ake tona purakau.