Kāhua Baroque i roto i Russia. māngai Baroque i roto i Russia

Tenei predominating rerekē, me te tahi mau taime tipua kāhua i roto i te hoahoanga me te toi i roto i Europa i te mutunga o te tekau ma ono ki te mau tenetere waenganui-waru, whakapumautia i roto i te tau o te hanganga kaha o āhua i runga i te pūtake motu. Whakapaia ana e ia ki te hahi, me ngā porowhita kahurangi. Baroque i whakakororiatia a ka whakanuia ratou kaha. Na reira, hoki kua matua āhuatanga reira i te whakapaipai, hanahana me te ma'unimā pathetic ki mīharo. Tenei kāhua fakatahai te āhua halá o mooni, me i reira he rerekē kaha o unahi me ungeri, me te kakano me ngā rauemi, te marama me te atarangi.

Whakaahuatanga Baroque

A, no te kahore i karanga tenei kāhua te tuatahi: whenua, e pängia ana ki te taikaha, wawau, pretentious me te ngau ke ... Ko enei āhuatanga i roto i te tau o tona whanau whakatangi ano he ritenga. A katoa no te mea o kore i te Baroque ōrite ka nga kēnana o toi tawhito, me te hoahoanga.

Otiia āta timata reira ki te whiwhi i ngā kaupapa matua hoahoa hou, me te kounga. whanau Baroque i roto i Itari. Ko tenei whenua i taua wa he pokapū o te ahurea, te wahi i timata tenei kāhua tona haere whakamanamana i puta noa Europe. A, i roto i ia o States Baroque ki te whiwhi ratou huru motu.

hoahoanga Baroque i roto i Russia, tae atu, matua pānga tona hōkai me te whīwhiwhi. te āhuatanga i ia te nui o te matatini, ka rite ki te tikanga, puka-pewa, ona whakamahau nui. I runga i nga facades o nga whare o taua wa, ka rite te nui o whakairo i roto i ratou wanihi e. He hoki kikorangi maha-ATE ki āhua matatini. He tauira a Tūrongo, o te hoahoanga Baroque taea te huaina ST. Pita i roto i te Vatican. taipitopito kāhua motuhake e Atlanteans, caryatids tautoko i te haurangi me tīwae o te tākaro i te tūranga, me te mascarones - whakapaipai whakairo i roto i te āhua o te matenga tangata ranei ihu o te kararehe i te mua.

Ko reira i roto i te hoahoanga, kia rite ki ngā tohunga, māngai te Baroque i roto i to ratou kanorau katoa me te tini mea. kaihoahoa katoa e hanga a ratou mahi i roto i tenei kāhua, ko reira uaua ki te tatau i. Reira Itāriana Bernini, Borromini ko Maderna, te Pou Jan glaubitz me te tini ke atu. Te kaihoahoa Russian, nei mahi e taea te pēnei ki te Baroque, whakaaro matua Rastrelli. Me mea e ahau e kua whakawhanakehia te reira i roto i to tatou whenua i roto i te ara motuhake.

Ko te takenga mai o te Baroque Russian

I tohua te timatanga o te rau tau tekau ma waru i roto i Russia e ngā kaupapa nui. I muri i te otinga angitu o te Pakanga Northern me tokomaha o whakahounga a Pita, ka anga te whenua ki te whakawhanake ahurea, a ōhanga. Ko te putanga o St. Petersburg, rawa, ko te hui nui, tohua ana e ia te timatanga o te atamira hou i roto i te hītori o kore anake to tatou ake, engari ano o te architecture ao. Ko reira ki tenei, ka anga, i roto i te meka, te horapa o te hoahoanga Baroque o te rau tau 18. I roto i Russia, mo te hanga o te whakapaipai, me ona wahi o waho ake kua huihui kore kāinga anake, engari ano hoki nga kaihoahoa o Western Europe. hāngai ana te kaupapa whanaketanga tāone grandiose i runga i nga whakarerenga iho o hoahoanga Russian.

ngā Pākehā Western

Otiia hoahoanga Petersburg te wa o Pita ahau, a reira ko - te hauwhā tuatahi o te rau tau tekau ma waru, ahakoa kua whakawhanakehia reira rite he āhuatanga rohe haepapa pono motu, i i te wa ano whakaata i te hua o te whanaketanga o maha momo o hanganga Pākehā Western. He ko he hononga nukurau kotahi, me te tino organic o to tatou me ke momo hoahoanga. Ko te kupu i timata te wā Baroque i roto i Russia.

I roto i tenei take, te tukanga o te whakawhenumi me te tukatuka auaha o momo Western, i roto i te meka, haere hoki ki te rau tau tekau ma rima, ka i raro i haere mai Ivan III ki Moscow ki te mahi i te Itariana. I roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rautau tekau mā whitu nui haere te mana o nga tangata ke, ina, Gables, kuti tīwae whakapaipai me te entablature me āta timata tohu terapimi ki te horapa i te hoahoanga Russian.

kāhua Baroque i roto i Russia

kihai i taea e ia riro i te tunga i roto i to tatou whenua. Ahakoa te meka e whakaputaia ketia te fakaangá Classicism i hoahoanga, he ratou, ahakoa, i kore kite i te rerekē ki "nga pou me domes." He nui tautohetohe nga hua o te Gothic Revival, me "Renaissance", engari te wā "Baroque" i roto i te te whakamahi Russia karohia. kaihoahoa rongonui Bryullov i roto i te haerenga ki Itari i whakaiti e "reka kino" me fakatupu heahea o Borromini.

Na ka whakaurua te wā "Baroque Russian" anake i roto i te eighties o te rau tau kaihōpara iwa N. Sultanov hoahoanga Russian tawhito. I roto i Russia, i whakaritea ai hoahoanga mua-Petrine o te rautau tekau mā whitu. Mai i reira, i reira ko te ariā o te oranga tonutanga, o nei te wāhanga tuatahi o tenei kāhua whakawhanakehia i roto i te o 1640.

Na roto i te tatararaa, Likhachev, kua riro Baroque i Russia etahi o nga āhuatanga o te Renaissance, kihai i taea e ki te whakakitea āta nei. Otiia, e kore e te wā "Baroque Russian" i roto i Russia, a i roto i te whānui hurinoa whakaaetia e tohunga i roto i te ao. Na reira, kei te whai whakaaro mai ia rite herenga, ko te ingoa i tangohia i roto i tohu pikorua.

Ōkawa, i roto i rite ki te kāhua o te mannerism ratou mau huru. miramira reira e rave rahi ngā wāhanga: "Naryshkin", "Golitsyn", "Baroque a Pita i roto i Russia" (rau 18, hauwhā tuatahi) me "paari", uhinga ki te wa Erihāpeti. Kei te tino mārama whakaurua te kāhua muri i roto i te mahi o F. Rastrelli e Si◊í i roto i maha whare o St Petersburg.

Naryshkin Moscow ranei Baroque

Na roto i tenei kāhua tikanga he rōpū o te mau hiero, hanga mai tenei hoia rongonui. Naryshkin kāhua Baroque i roto i Russia aroaro e taua mahi o te hoahoanga o te mutunga o te tekau ma whitu - wawe tenetere waru rite te hahi i roto i Fili ko Tokotoru-Lykov, i roto i te pōtae me Dubrovitsy, rite pai rite te whakaaro, i hanga i runga i Maroseyka.

karanga Tohunga reira i roto i te tahi mau ara tona atamira muri, i roto i nei te ahua ului o te hoahoanga Western tūpuhi, pērā i te whakamana, me o ratou huānga, auaha whakapaipai, me te Baroque takenga t. D.

Āhuatanga kāhua Naryshkin i hoahoanga

haere mai ia i te wa tino hira mo tatou hoahoanga. Ko te ka āta timata te kāhua patereareha Russian ki te tomo ngā i Europe. Mai i te rau tau hoahoanga ono, ngā reira he pūngao ongó poutū e kiriata me te taha i runga i te taiepa, me te tauira ka whiua ngaru timera.

Hoki whare o tenei wā o hoahoanga Russian āhuatanga e te ranunga o ngā whakahē i roto i ngā hanganga kitea heterogeneity o ngā hanganga, me te whakapaipai. Ko te hanganga o "Naryshkin" Baroque i Russia, ina koa i roto i Moscow, i reira e mārama tohu o mannerism Pākehā, me nga Tuhinga o Gothic, i reira te mea he wahi o te anō me romanticism, a reira katoa hanumi ki te tuku iho o te hoahoanga rakau, me te kohatu tahito.

kāhua Golitsyn

Ina e timata te reira i te whanaketanga Baroque i Russia. I roto i te wahi o te kāhua rerekē o Naryshkin tae i roto i Moscow hoahoanga - Golitsyn, whakaaro nei te tauwhirowhiro. Tona tupu i roto i te tekau tau tuatahi o te rau tau tekau ma waru, a tohe tonu te pānga noa te waenganui o te rau tau kotahi.

Ko te whare tuatahi, whakaturia i roto i te kāhua Baroque i roto i Russia, whakaaro te hahi i roto i Dubovica i Perov, Volyn, Laurentian ohu i roto i Kaluga. I roto i te rerekē, "Naryshkin" i roto i te whakapaipai o "Golitsyn" whare whakamahia fakautuutu huānga pono Baroque. Heoi, o ratou otinga hoahoa, te hanganga o pukapuka taratahi me ngā huānga pūāhua kati ofi ange ki te Pākehā Renaissance. Mārama o te mahere ki te tapatahi o ngā puka, ngā ki te māhanga roto taonga te maha urupa Baroque i roto i Russia ki tauira matarohia o te hoahoanga tahito. Rawa mārama e taea te kite i tenei i roto i te whare i muri mai - i te hahi o St. Pita me Paora Cathedral i Moscow, me rite i roto i Troekurova me Yakimanka.

kāhua stroganoff

tīmata whare āhuatanga whakaturia i runga i te puka industrialists kia, i muri i nei te ingoa e huaina ai tenei stylistic aronga Russian hoahoanga mutunga o nga rau tau tekau ma whitu, me te tekau ma waru o.

Na roto i te atu urupa tuwhena o te stroganoff Baroque Moscow rerekē tiaki te Russian silhouette temepara rima-domed tuku iho, i runga i nei i te hoahoa Baroque nehenehe, me te mea hanga i te ringa,. Ko ētahi o ēnei Kazan i Ustyuzhna, Smolensk i Gordeevka kainga Christmas i Nizhny Novgorod me maha era atu hahi, me te Vvedensky whare karakia, hanga i roto i te Solvychegodsk.

Baroque o Pita

whakamahia tēnei wā e kōrero toi ki te kāhua hoahoa, kua oti nei te whakaaetia e Pita ahau, a i whakamahia whānuitia i roto i St Petersburg. Limited anga here, he mea atu arotahi i runga i te tauira Swedish, Tiamana me kaihoahoa Tatimana. hoahoanga Baroque i roto i Russia mai te reforomatio nui ko te whare te nuinga tūmōmō, ki te reka hoki Classicism me te tawhito Gothic. Ki te whakaiti i te kanorau Pita kaihoahoa rongoā o ki tenei kāhua anake e taea e te tohu o te conditionality.

Ko te hoahoanga o tenei wa āhuatanga e tapatahi waihanga rōrahi, i reira he rota o wahapū mārama me te he whitiki te whawhai, maha kitea i roto i te tikanga o facades planar. I roto i te rerekē ki te Baroque Naryshkin i Russia, ko Pita te nui te makanga whakatakotoria o te whakarerenga iho Byzantine, i te nuinga o matou kaihoahoa tata whitu tenetere. Heoi, i reira he rerekētanga i kāhua Golitsynsky tika faauruhia e te tauira Itari Austria ranei.

māngai kanapa

He tūranga tino taonga i roto i te whanaketanga o te Baroque i Russia kihai takaro anake Russian, engari ano hoki maha pai-mohiotia kaihoahoa ke. Ko tētahi o nga māngai o te kura te uru, mahi i roto i to tatou whenua, ko Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli - te tama a te toi Italian, e mahi ana i te marae o Kingi Louis XIV. Whakawa i nga kupu o tona piokālafi, tou wheako hanga kua whiwhi ia i roto i Russia. Te riroraa i te toi rawa pūmanawa, kua whakahaere Rastrelli ki te whakamatau ia ia he kaihoahoa mohio, me te noho i te tūranga tiketike rawa i te marae, i whakaritea "tino kaihoahoa." Kua tae tona mahi i roto i te tau 1740-1750 hono tumutumú.

Ētahi atu māngai nui o Baroque i Russia - he reira A. V. Kvasov, hangaia, ka hanga te Grand Tsarskoye selo Palace i mua i te hanganga whakahaeretia e Rastrelli. e kore hoki tona mahi ngā tiaki i roto i te rohe Haymarket o te Ekalesia o te whakaaro o te whakapaingia wahine Meri. kaihanga o te wā Baroque Russian No iti pai-mohiotia ko P. Trezzini, A. Vista me, o te akoranga, mahi i roto i Russia mai 1760-th ki 1770-th māngai ke kanapa o tenei kāhua o Antonio Rinaldi. Ko te whakamutunga, i roto i ona whare wawe tonu i raro i te mana o "hoholo" oho Baroque me muri mai i runga i ki Classicism, i roto i to tatou whenua, ko te tika i roto i tona tamarikitanga. Heoi, ki te mea tapitapi ore e Rinaldi he māngai o rite tenei kāhua wawe, taea.

Buildings Russian Baroque

Nui hanganga mohiotia o Rastrelli - he ensemble o Smolny Convent, hanga i roto i te tau 1748-1764 i roto i St Petersburg. I hanga te reira i roto i te iho Russian o rōpū ōrite no ki te rau tau o mua. No iti mohio kei roto i te pane a te raki o rua whare Erihāpeti rangatira - Stroganov ko M. Vorontsov. Heoi, i roto i te wahi tuatahi i roto i nga mahi o Rastrelli tu, o te akoranga, te Winter Palace, i waru nga tau i hanga. I oti te reira i roto i 1762-m. Ko konei i roto i te faito teitei taranata o te kaihoahoa o. I roto i te tahi atu masterpieces Baroque - Te Palace Grand i Tsarskoye selo, me te tini ke atu. Ko ratou katoa tohu i rawa kanapa te kāhua i taea ana i roto i te pokapū o-waru rau tau i roto i Russia. Ko te whanaketanga o te auahatanga faahiahia o te kaihoahoa P. Trezzini fakamamafa'i Theodore Ekalesia, kei roto i te Alexander Nevsky pakiki. I teie mahana, te rota o te tautohe mo e nona te tapawha hanga i runga i te Vladimir Cathedral o te taua ingoa. Heoi, tokomaha e hehema ki te whakapono e kore i te reira i te rangatira unknown, ara P. Trezzini, e rite whakataetae ki Rastrelli, hanga i te mutunga o 1760 o te ataahua mīharo o te hahi. Me mea e ahau e, kāore, tini whare no ki te kaihoahoa, i muri hanga ngaro noa ranei.

e kore ahau e ngenge ratou hoa, me Rinaldi, nana nei i hanga, kua maha ngā hahi Siu, te whakakotahi i maha āhuatanga o Baroque. I roto i ngā, he Cathedral a Anaru me ona domes domes rima me tiketike maha-papa pere pourewa, Boathouse, kei roto i te pa, Hainamana me te Marble whare tenei. whakaaro te whakamutunga ko te āhuatanga ahurei i roto i te hoahoanga Russian.