Kāhua Onaianei raki i te hoahoanga o St. Petersburg

Ko te timatanga o te rau tau rua tekau i roto i St Petersburg tohua te taeraa mai o te kāhua hoahoanga hou, tetahi o nga āhuatanga āhuatanga o e ko te whakamahi i roto i te hoahoa o whakapakoko waho o manu, kararehe, ngā tipu me whakapaipai tono i pakiwaitara raki. Kua hanga e ratou he ora nui i roto i te paruru nui, me te uaua o te St Petersburg whare. Ko te kāhua o te hoahoanga, e tonu te whakarerenga iho whaiāipo o ngā kōrero tuku iho Swedish me Finnish, i huaina "Northern Art Nouveau". Kua whai wāhi tona ahua he whakapakari nui o a Russia whanaunga ki Sweden me Finland. I roto i te toi, te aronga matua o te romanticism whenua i kaha whakamahi scenes i te maongoonga me tales patupaiarehe.

whakamōhio ia tatou tenei tuhinga ki te urupa kanapa o te Northern Art Nouveau i St Petersburg hoahoanga.

tohu o te kāhua

Kua tīpakohia e te tohu waho matua o te hoahoanga hou te raki ki ngā pūkenga nui o ngā rauemi mutunga tūturu, me te horihori. Here ia wāhanga hua i te tata ki te atu.

Kei te maha whakamahia te turanga taiepa ofa'i Finnish. I roto i te kāhua o te Onaianei raki whakarato tona tukatuka taratara, te aroaro o whatiwhatinga pai tarai me āhuatanga o whakairo. hipoki te waka rererangi o nga taiepa i runga i te papa o runga kei te ki te apa mutunga o pereki te raima kakano ranei.

I roto i te āhuatanga o te whakapaipai o ngā whare e tu i roto i whakaaro faauruhia e te whakapakoko o te pakiwaitara raki - ona me te ao kararehe. Taa'eraa Ko te whakamahi auau o te tae me te majolica tāpa.

Ko te āhua o ngā whare, i roto i te kāhua o te raki hou, tino nui, i roto i te hoahoanga reira he kore tūemi iti whakapaipai.

Rerekē ngā o kakano me ngā āhua, he momo o tatau matapihi, ratou huinga ki te Ua monohia me te reo whānui o whare paruru, oti i roto i te raki Art Nouveau i St Petersburg i te tikanga ki tonu o te kupu tahuri ki te hanganga matatini makariri, rite te taua wa hanganga nui-tauine o te Middle me nga whenua kohatu raki .

kihai i wātea i roto i ngā rahinga nui Northern hoahoanga Onaianei o St. Petersburg, engari tonu te hono i te reira ki etahi o nga whārangi tino anaana i roto i te aamu o te hanganga whenua o St Petersburg o te tīmatanga o te rau tau rua tekau. Ko te āhuatanga matua o te aronga, i mauruuru e te tangata o te rohe, ko ki te whakamahi i ngā rauemi māori - rakau me te kohatu, auaha tā o iwi hoahoanga o te raki me te Anotau, he hononga organic ki te hanganga whenua taiao waho.

Northern Art Nouveau i St. Petersburg: Hītori

I tū whanaketanga o te kāhua i St Petersburg i raro i te mana nui o te Finnish, hoahoanga Swedish me neo-whaiāipo.

Artist, te faaineine i te ara i te whenua o te raki ki St. Petersburg, ko Sergei Diaghilev, e whakaritea he whakaaturanga o toi Scandinavian i 1897 i roto i te kura o Hangarau Drawing o Baron Stieglitz. I muri mau tohu Scandinavian i runga i nga kaihoahoa anga ki te hanga i roto i te St Petersburg kāinga i roto i tuatahi i mua i te kāhua o te wā.

Kei te mohiotia te reira e ko te kaiwhakahaere o ngā whakaaro kāhua i te puna taketake Friedrich (Fedor) Lidval, tetahi o nga māngai o te hapori Swedish i roto i te pane a te raki.

I roto i tona kaupapa i roto i St Petersburg i te wā 1901-1907 gg. I hanga ratou whare, kua meinga nei e te rerekē ki te horapa i roto i te kōwhiringa Modernism Austria, me te Tiamana.

Tohunga mōhio he mana nui i runga i te hanganga o te kāhua toi o te kaihoahoa o taua tau nui i roto i te Swedish neo-romanticism rite Boberg me Klasson.

He koha nui ki te hanganga o te Northern Art Nouveau i te wā wawe i whakaurua e te ahua o te whare, hangaia e R. Meltzer, i runga i te moutere o Stone. ka mana i muri i runga i te kāhua o te hoahoanga o taumu'a Finnish tetahi o te matua. hanga rohe i roto i te 1907, pēnei i te whare Putilova i te Avenue Grand. Mua taha (te mahi o te kaihoahoa I. Pretro), me te whare o te Company Insurance "Russia" i runga i te huarahi. Bol. Moana (mahi o te kaihoahoa G. Gimpel), he tohu o te torokī tika o mahi o hoa Finnish - L. Sonck ko E. Saarinen. Tenei, Heoi, tohunga te mea, e kore e kötua individuality me te kounga toi teitei o enei mahi.

I roto i te hawhe tuarua o te tekau tau tuatahi o te rua tekau Northern Art Nouveau i St Petersburg kua riro te akoranga hoahoanga matua e ngā te moni o kaihoahoa taitamariki. Ki tenei wa, te hono i te whakatutukitanga matua o N. Vasiliev, he whai mua o Romanticism, nei mahi taea te takina kāhua kitenga takitahi. Runga ake te nuinga tohu-rāwhiti kaupapa raki i mua o te whare A. Bubyr (Str. Stremyannaya), me te tauira whakamutunga o te whare Korāna, a rave rahi atu whare.

i kaha whakahē Onaianei Northern muri mai, mau maha chauvinistic. Ka rite ki te rerekē ki te chuhonskomu hanga Neoclassicism pera-ka karanga Onaianei, tūnga nei te rite te pono motu (emepaea) kāhua. Na ano i reira nga whare hou, me te hou katoa i roto i te kāhua Onaianei raki. Whakapaipai tawhito hoatu ara ki rationalism.

Kua whakapaipai Iti me whakapaipai whakairo, hanga he whakapakoko whaiāipo kua whakakapi e te huinga o te paruru kirihou o buka nui - balconies, kokoru matapihi, silhouettes tuanui. Ngā ngā, rite ki ngā tohunga, ngā whare fare i roto i te kāhua Onaianei Northern, hanga i roto i te 1910-1915 gg. (Architect A. Bubyr).

māngai

Northern Art Nouveau i St Petersburg aroaro te mahi o ārahi kaihoahoa:

• Vladimir Apyshkova;
• Alekseya Bubyrya;
• Nikolai Vasilyev;
• Alexander Zelenko;
• Fedora Lidvalya;
• George Makaeva;
• Hippolyte Pretro.

Whare i roto i te kāhua o te Onaianei raki, St Petersburg: Top 5 whare tino rongonui

kia tika te reira i roto i whakatakotoria tenei ara mariko amateurs hoahoanga huatau. arata'i te reira i ki te whare tino rongonui hanga i roto i te St Petersburg i te raki Art Nouveau, a he waia ki o ratou hītori. Enei whare Ko te whārangi kānapanapa i roto i te wae rārangi.

whare Bubyr i runga i te huarahi. Te tane, 11

I roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau rua tekau, i hokona te St. Petersburg kaihoahoa Alekseem Bubyrem i runga i te huarahi. whenua tane ki ngā whare. Fakataha ki te kaihoahoa haamata Nikolai Vasilyev ariki te hanga o te whare fare, e whakamahere nei ki te noho ki tona whānau ki raro, me te toenga o te fare me ruma ki haea. hohoro te whare riro rongonui a ka tetahi o nga wae hou. Tira haere-e ki te ohorere, me te ahuareka ana nga whika ke, nui whakapaipai tona paruru. e kore e taea te kite e anake mea i runga i ona taiepa: te tikaokao, ika, tipu tipua, mea ke i tales patupaiarehe me pakiwaitara. I homai he wahi motuhake i roto i te whakapaipai o te whare ki te ahua o te ra, me te mea tikanga ki turama i te taha ki matua o te whare e anga ana te raki: konei e kore e whiwhi i te hihi mahana o te ra.

roa Construction mō te rua tau. I te tau 1907 i reira ka anga ki te noho kaimahi hou. I te whakamutunga, te ono o papa, noho te kaihoahoa ki tona utuafare.

Āhuatanga o kāhua i roto i te hanganga i Stremyannaya

Tenei hanganga nehenehe, tiketike mo te huarahi Stremyannaya, ko te tauira a Tūrongo o te raki kaihoahoa Onaianei Vasiliev, te kaikirimana matua o te mahi whakapaipai i runga i te paruru matua, te whakakotahi i maha ngā āhuatanga, he solia wae Russian me urupa o te Mediterranean.

Otinga kokoru rawa te whakarongo, me te tokona feohi ki te domes o nga cathedrals o Novgorod, kurupae kohatu, kapi i ia taha o te kuwaha, me te tohutohu. Ko haamana'oraa o te drawbridges ārahi ki puni wharekarakia me tohu solar te whare wā kotahi utu takoha ki e rua hoahoanga Pākehā, me te Russian, e taea te kite i runga i te taiepa rino, me te raima.

Ko te whakarau o te whare

Bubyr ko te rangatira o te whare tae noa ki 1919, i muri i ia ki te waiho i te revolution i roto i Ukraine, te wahi hohoro i fakamamahi tapahia poto tona ora.

Na tonu te whare e tu ana i roto i tona wahi, me te, rite maha atu urupa kua kite, he rota. Te whare ora i roto i te matotoru o te revolution, whawhai me te hanga hou. I te whai wāhi ki te kite ia ia i roto i o ratou noho me tangata o te rongonui: i wehea te fare mua o te kaihoahoa ki whare ā, i konei noho te rongonui Eduard Khil. I muri mai whakatuwheratia te whare i wharekai "Elf", i pai ki te kohikohi riro māngai rongonui nui o te raro Leningrad: Viktor Tsoi ko Boris Grebenshchikov. Kei te mohiotia te reira i e hanga i roto i te iari o te whare i pihinga i te kiriata "te taea'e".

"Whare o Tolositoi" (whare o Kaute pai Tolositoi M. P.) i runga i te huarahi. Rubinstein, 15-17

Tenei whare 6-papa nui, kahore take i huaina te "pa i roto i te pa." Rawa tona tahora e wātea ana e toru marae hono e mau irava e hanga i te tata noho tūturu, me te mea te reira e ora te iwi i roto i te rohe, tino motuhake i te toenga o te pa: i roto i enei whatianga whakamataku te rota o te wāhi, engari rerekē hoki ratou i roto i etahi o ratou huru motuhake . Kaihoahoa - Fedor Lidval, te hanga kiritaki o te whare rahi - (. 1877-1878 gg) Meiha-Tianara Count Mikhail Tolstoy, he mema o te whawhai Russian-Turkish.

Lidval aroha i roto i ana mahi whakamahi āhuatanga faauruhia e te Renaissance. I roto i te hoahoa o te whare o Tolositoi taea kitea e koe balconies whānui i runga i te runga papa, arawaka, haurangi Renaissance. Ko te whakapaipai o rerekē he whitiki whakaae: he ipu pai i roto i te ringa o Cupid e tu ana i roto i niches, whakapaipai i te tomokanga.

I ka hapu te whare kia rite ki te piringa mo māngai o ngā akomanga pāpori katoa: i reira i whakaratohia rite whaitua papai, mīharo tona utu nui, me te kōwhiringa pūtea tano. Mahere E titiro whakamua elevators, horoi me te wai.

Ka taea te whakaaro i tēnei whare he lekooti mo te tokomaha o te iwi e noho ana i roto i reira i ngā wā rerekē o rongonui, karanga i roto nei kōrero te kaituhi Aleksandra Kuprina, Mikhail Shemyakin, hītekiteki Irina Kolpakova, kaituhi me te kairīpoata Arkady Averchenko, punake orurehau Vasily Knyazev me te tini ke atu. taea te kite i ētahi iari whare o Tolositoi i ngā wā rerekē o te ra e haere mai ki te toro ranei e hoki te kāinga, Anna Akhmatova, I. Brodsky, Dovlatov S., A. Rosenbaum, Valery Gergiev, Raikin, A. Freundlich, O. Basilashvili, M. Boyarsky ko L. Luppian. Iāri me te waho o te whare maha mahi rite he puipuitua mo te kiriata o te kiriata: konei kiriata "Te Adventures o Sherlock Holmes me Doctor Watson", "Winter Cherry", "Birth o te Revolution" me "gangster Petersburg".

"Sugarloaf" (fare EG Follenveydera) i runga i te Big Avenue, 13

huarahi Kamennoostrovsky rongonui mo ona taonga o urupa hoahoanga i roto i te Northern Art Nouveau. Ko rawa kitea i roto i nga rapae o te fare, puritia e te tangata Swiss, he kaka, me te kaiwhakarato o te marae emepaea Follenveyder E. tenei, hanga te whare i roto i 1905 rite ki te kaihoahoa kaupapa Meltzer. Ko te fare Ko te tauira o te Northern Art Nouveau, engari rerekē i te tahi atu āhuatanga o te Gothic Revival. faataa tenei e te meka e ko te whare he tetahi whakamātau, whakatakotoria kua tika te turanga puta i roto i te hoahoanga tāone, te aronga o te Northern Art Nouveau.

Ko te kāhua o te whare

whakatau stylistic o hanga rā hoki ki te tuku iho o te romanticism Scandinavian me Finnish. Kei te āhuatanga i te reira na roto i te tapatahi, me te monumentality rōrahi, pourewa nui, te whakapaipai ki te teneti tairanga. Kei te unu web ki te taiepa te raima ma rerekē ki tāpa tuanui whero me te plinth ofa'i hina. Tona ahua waho o te whare rite te whare tawhito i te whare tuku iho Scandinavian Art Nouveau ranei, he whānui i roto i te rau tau XX.

Ko reira ngā e te taenga atu ano hangaia te whare i, Nō ona iwi tonu "Sugar rohi" - pea e tika ana ki te stucco marama-tae, me te dome elongated. Kei te mohiotia te reira e muri i te revolution, i te fare i te hōhipera. I teie mahana, mau te fare tari kairauhī Danemaka.

Mō whare fare I. M. Lidvalya i runga i Kamennoostrovsky pr., 1/3

Kei te mohiotia te reira i taua i roto i 1898, whenua i runga i Kamennoostrovsky Avenue i hokona e te whaea o te kaihoahoa F. Lidval. Ko te whare ko te mahi motuhake tuatahi o te kaihoahoa. technique New o te kaituhi, e kore e mohiotia i mua i roto i te hoahoanga o St. Petersburg, ko te whakaritenga o te iari nui mua, whānui-tuwhera ki te waho. whakaratohia tenei wahi, mohiotia hoki nga whare fare St. Petersburg, tomo te fare i te nui nui o te te marama.

I roto i te kōrero tūturu i roto i te ao hurihuri, kua whakamahia te kaituhi te cartouche manawa, i whakapaipai ia tomokanga pokapū, a takatakahia ana te rā o te oti o te mahi i runga i tenei wahi o te whare - "1902". Matau i te wā e whakaatu ana Pine manga ki te mahuetanga, e taea te kite i tata te manu ngahere Peck norovyaschie e noho ana ki te taha o tona hea. Kaitiaki Hare kite ki te rere i roto i o nga pururu ngahere o tona hoa nui-ngakia. Ki te maui o te rā, ka taea e koe te faahiahia i te whakapakoko o te matenga o te Lynx ki tuwhera whānui mangai tata ka noho i runga i te ruru peka ki parirau horapa.

pānga Waho te nui o mokomoko image, nui-ika, hua mohoao, toadstools, tulip me pera i runga i. E rata ana te aroaro mata o maha matapihi kokoru me balconies, tatau matapihi, karaunatia whakapakoko o whakapakoko o otaota me ngaa kararehe. Enei āhuatanga stylistic Ko te take i whakahuatia te whare i roto i pukapuka i runga i te hītori o te hoahoanga. I te tuatahi i te "akina Best" i roto i te St Petersburg (1907), kua whakawhiwhia te mahi kaihoahoa.

I roto i nga kaimahi nui-ingoa i huaina whānau Lidval, artist K. Petrov-Vodkin, kaiwhakaari Yuri Yuriev.

"Whare ki otereti" (whare tenement Putilovoy T. N.) i runga i Grand Avenue PS, 44

hiahiatia te ahua o tona ingoa ōpaki o te whare e ki whakairo o otereti kauaka tona paruru. hanga te whare i roto i te wā i 1906 ki te 1907. Ko tōna kaituhi ko te kaihoahoa Hippolyte Pretro - tetahi o nga māngai o te Northern Moderne St Petersburg. I hanga te whare mo te kaihoko Putilova, i te wa ko e te rangatira o tetahi o te manufactory o ngā toa i runga i te moutere o Vasilyevsky.

Whare taa'eraa te whakararuraru, toi, matapihi o ngā āhua rerekē: shirokime, kuiti, poto, roa. Next, ite te pūtirotiro te aroaro o te taahiraa he taahiraa o kokoru matapihi, nui whakapaipai whakapakoko taonga unu i tipu te raki, ngā kararehe, me te o te pakiwaitara. Whare ki te otereti, ko te rohe o te pa pai-mohiotia. I roto i te ngaro o ngā āhuatanga whakapaipai o te whare i taea te whakaaro tikanga poraka nukurau, i roto i reira te mea he marae-puna. Ko te aroaro o te taketake casings, balconies me whakapakoko whakamiharo ◊aongá, paruru, pono fakangalongata'a. Ko te reira i te "Whare ki otereti" te whakaaro ki te waiho i te kāhua Onaianei Northern kāri pakihi. I roto i te tau 1912, i te mahi o te kaihoahoa i runga i te whakataetae o te pai facades Pretro tuhu he mētara hiriwa. I taua wa auraa reira te āhukahuka o te hiranga o te kaituhi.

I runga i te whakaoranga o ngā tikanga

Ki te ahuareka o nga gourmets katoa me te pā o te kai reka me te hauora kore pera i mua i roto i te Takiwa o mua whakatuwheratia wharekai "kāhua Onaianei Northern". Ingoa o te kura manatu te wā, tohua e te tupu inä o tuakiri motu Russian, me te he puāwaitanga inä o toi, ahurea me ngā rautaki pakihi hou.

whakaata te ingoa te māramatanga o nga tangata o te hiahia ki te whakahauora me te whakakaha i te whakarerenga iho motu. Ko pātata ki te whare, e whare te "PetroCongress" te wharekai. He pai whakaurunga waho, me te roto i roto i au i te pūtakenga o tona tahua, te wā nei e rīhi o kai i mua i-hou.