Kai tōtika Enteral - he aha te mea te reira? ranunga matūkai mō ngā tūroro i roto i te wā postoperative

I roto i te ora i reira he āhuatanga rerekē ka kore e taea te tango i te pakeke kai i roto i te ara waia. Tenei tupu i muri i te pokanga te nuinga. I roto i te wā whakaora taea ki te tararua, ka piki ki te ngaungau kai te tangata, ko te. Ko ano hoki i tenei wa me te manawanui he supply tonu o ngā matūkai ki te tinana mo te mahi o okana katoa, me te whakaora oranga. I roto i tenei take, te taenga o taua ahua o te kai i roto i te tinana kia rite ki kai enteral.

kai tōtika Enteral - he aha te mea te reira?

Tenei ahua o te tiaki manawanui, ko reira he āhuatanga e tae mai te kai i roto i te ngongo, he pūnaha motuhake ranei. Nuinga o ngā wā i roto i taua he kai e whakamahia ranunga motuhake. rerekē ratou i kai noa mō ngā pakeke, pera i etahi āhua o te manawanui e kore e taea te tango i ētahi atu hua.

Ko te painga o taua mana

He tenei ahua o te kai ona painga mō ngā tūroro:

1. haere tika kai ki te pūnaha kūnatu, tuku ia ki ngāwari whakaritea, ka whakamana i te manawanui i muri i te pokanga - whaiaroaro.
2. kai cheap - no te kore e hiahia te tono o tenei tikanga rawa nui te utu.
3. Māmā ki te whakamahi i te tikanga atu - i reira he kore whakaritenga o nui haere sterility, rite nui noa ki te hapai i te uiuia mō te kai tōtika enteral pūnaha ranei mo ranunga kai-waha.
4. e kore e meinga e te reira i pōauautanga nui - whakaurua uiuia te kahore tetahi raruraru, na reira he kore tūponotanga ka o takanga o pōauautanga mōrearea me te ora-te whakawehi mo te manawanui.
5. Āhei ki te whakarato i te tinana ki nga rauemi e tika ana katoa, he tika ki te kōwhiringa o Ranu tino pai ki te tangata tenei.
6. E tauturu te reira te ārai i te ahua o ngā pānga atrophic i roto i te wahi gastrointestinal.

Tuhinga hoki enteral nutrition

Whanaketanga o rongoā i roto i te rau tau whakamutunga e rua e taea ki te whakatau he aha te mea pai mo te tangata i muri i ngā rautaki pokanga e ka tauturu i ora ia tere me ki te whiwhi i te kaha e tika ana ki te mōrea iti. Na ranunga kai i muri i te pokanga ki whakaaro atu hauora he ona painga me tohu. He etahi tohu motuhake ki ranunga e hiahia te tangata, kia rite ki te pai rite ki te tikanga rawa o te kai. whakawhiwhia horihori kai tōtika te ka:

1. Manawanui hoki o ratou huru e kore e taea e te kai ina he mauri ia ranei e kore e taea horomia.
2. E kore e taea e te manawanui kai te kai - te āhua o te pancreatitis whakapeka toto ranei i roto i te wahi gastrointestinal.
3. He tangata e mate ana kore kai, kei te whakamahia ka takoha kai tōtika enteral. He aha te mea te reira, no te reira te mea he āhua taua? tupu te reira i roto i te anorexia nervosa, i roto i nei e kore e taea e koe te uta tika te kai i rite mau puku, rite reira ko he mōrea o te mate i muri i te kore mana auroa. Ano, he momo o mate ka taea e te manawanui kore ki te kai, i roto i nei take e whakamahia te pūnaha mo te enteral nutrition, ki te whakaki i te tinana ki te matūkai faufaa ki te whawhai i te mate.
4. Ko te mana e kore e whakatau i te hiahia, tupu te reira ki injuries, catabolism, weranga.

Whakaritea tenei ahua o te kaha me te mo te tikanga pathological e whai ake nei:

• kore o te pūmua i roto i te tinana, me te pūngao, ki te kore koe e taea e whakarato i te rōpū o enei matū i roto i te ara tūturu;
• i roto i te hui o ngā pukupuku o te matenga, kaki, me te puku;
• ki te mea i reira te mea he mate ahu whakamua o te pūnaha io pokapū, pērā i te mate o Parkinson, patunga iaia roro, ngā āhua aita;
• i roto i te āhua mate pukupuku i muri radiation me te hahau;
• Kei te maha whakaritea kai mo te nui mate gastrointestinal: pancreatitis, tukanga pathological i roto i te ate, me te wahi biliary, syndromes malabsorption , me whēkau poto, me te mate o Crohn;
• i muri tonu i te wawaotanga hāparapara ki te tinana;
• weranga me paihana whakapeka;
• ka he fistula, sepsis;
• Ki te whakawhanake matatini mate hopuhopu;
• i roto i depressions nui;
• i nga nekehanga rerekē o te radiation kino o te tangata.

Methods mō te whakauru i ranunga matūkai

tūroro kai tōtika Enteral rerekē rite ki te tikanga o te kai:

1. Mā te he uiuia mo te whakauru i te ranunga ki te kopu.
2. Tikanga Power "sipping" - te fariiraa i te kai motuhake waha i roto i topata ano◊ino◊ihia iti.

e karangatia hoki enei tikanga hāngū me te kaha. Origin - kai ngongo enteral, puta whaowhia ki te pūnaha dispenser motuhake. Ko te tuarua - kaha, ā-, kawea atu te nuinga mā pūwero. Hoki te whakamahi i tenei tikanga ko reira e tika ana ki te riro i te nui etahi o te ranunga me te patia ata ki te mangai o te tangata e mate ana. Ki te rā, kua hoatu hiahia ki te papua, ciliates, e kua whangai aunoa ki te ranunga.

Pōkai hoki enteral nutrition

He maha whanaunga o tūroro ui enteral kai tōtika - he aha te mea reira me aha taputapu e hiahiatia ana mo tenei? Oia mau, no te he tikanga penei o te whakakī i te tinana ki te kai rapu utu pōkai rerekē. E wehea ratou ki:

• nasogastric (nazoenteralnye) - pōkai kirihou angiangi e whai rua i te taumata etahi, me Nuiōrau mo humarie o whakahaere;
• percutaneous - whakahaere i muri i te pokanga (pharyngoscope, gastrostomy, esophagostomy, eyunostomiya).

Aratau o te tinana supply

Mohio koe i tenei take, kai tōtika enteral - he aha te mea te reira e kore te mea, nui ki te whakatinana i te reira. He maha onäianei whakataki o kai ki te tinana i roto i tenei ara, mo te tauira, te auau kai o te ranunga. He maha ngā momo o te whiwhi i te mana manawanui.

1. Whangaia ranunga ki tere tamau. Ka whiwhi manawanui Gavage kai i te tetahi tere, he reira 40-60 ml / hr. Na ka titiro mātanga mō te tauhohenga o te manawanui. A, no te i pai nohotahi te ranunga, e taea te āta nui haere te tere. I te toharite faarahi te reira i te taha o 25 ml / hr mo 8-12 haora, ka hoki te wa ano e rite ana te nui ano e taea te tāpiri tae ra ano te te tere e hiahiatia ana. Ki te te anake puritia te mahi, me te ko te manawanui i roto i te huru nui, kia whakahaerea te ranunga kaua e nui ake 20-30 ml / hr. He mea tika ki āta aroturuki i te huru o te tangata. Whakapairuaki, korere, ruaki, cramps heke te auau o te whakataki ngā ranunga ranei ona, tona kukū ranei ranei. taui tenei etahi kotahi tohu e reira he kore ahotea ki te tinana.
2. Ka taea te whakahaere kai tāwhaiwhai i roto i huringa. Tenei kai huri taiāwhio ko e te manawanui i muri i supply tonu āta whakaiti i te reira i te po, i te aroaro o te whati, me te mau mai i runga i te po. Ko watea hoki te manawanui tenei tikanga, me te taea te mahi i roto i te ngongo gastrostomy.
3. e kore te mana wātū (wā) kawea atu mo te katoa. Kei te tohua te reira mo te hunga tūroro e whai i whakamana korere tafa gastrointestinal ranei. huaina taua kaha ko te wā, ka rite ki wā kawea o 4-6 haora.
4. Bolus whāngai. Ko te rite ki te kai auau tenei aratau. patia i te ranunga e pūwero i roto i te ngongo ranei, engari kei te tino whakaūtia te ture tomokanga. I tenei tere e kore e nui ake 240 ml ia te hawhe haora. Tau o kai ia ra 3-5 wā. Ko ki timata tāpiri i te ranunga tu i te kotahi rau ml. Ki te mamae te manawanui kahore raruraru, ka āta tāpiri ki te 50 ml. Ko ko tenei tikanga kino i te takanga auau o korere, na kia whakaritea taua mea, ka mātakitaki i te taha o te mātanga.

Noatia, e kore e taea e enei aratau e tino whakaritenga mō ngā tūroro katoa tono enteral kai tōtika. Tīpakonga o te tikanga, tere, me te rōrahi o taua tuku kai ki te tinana e wahi ki te āhuatanga takitahi.

tīpakonga Āhuatanga ranunga

kia hoki ranunga mō enteral nutrition kia tīpakohia ki hāngai te hiahia takitahi o tūroro. Tei ratou kōwhiringa i runga i te maha o ngā āhuatanga.

1. kia whai i te kiato pūngao pai pai tōtika mō ngā tūroro postoperative. Ehara i te mea iti iho i te 1 kcal / ml.
2. Me kia te hanganga o te ranunga glyutein ngaro, me te reihuka. Ka taea e ēnei matū meinga mate pāwera.
3. kia waiho te reira i kore ake atu i te osmolarity o 340 mOsm / l.
4. Ki te karo i ngā raruraru ki te Kawanatanga o te kai kia waiho reira kore-Kaore.
5. e kore e ranunga Kounga meinga motility intestinal te taikaha.
6. E mea titauhia e runga reira i o te kamupene me te aroaro o te whakarereke ira o pūmua.

Me kï reira e te tātai mō ngā pēpi, me te rongoā i hanga i ngā hua taiao, e kore e tika ana mō te enteral kai tōtika. Ko ratou hoki tangata pakeke e kore taurite, a na reira e kore e taea te kawe i te hua e hiahiatia ana. Hoki tūroro i roto i te hiahia o taua kai, kua whakawhanakehia ratou momo o ngā ranunga, ka e kia kōrero i raro nei.

ranunga monomeric

ranunga Ingoa whakatau ratou mahi. e kore e ratou i roto i te āhuatanga wahi e tika ana katoa, engari kei te whakamahia hoki i roto i te wā postoperative. E tito taua ranunga o te kūhuka me tai, ko te kupu tuku hoki te ora o te taumahinga whēkau iti i muri tonu pokanga. I roto i te aroaro o te ruaki korere ranei ko te kai pai ki te tautoko i te wai, me te kawehiko toenga i roto i te tinana. Taua ranunga e "hāereere", "Mafusol", "Regidron", "Tsitroglyukosolan", "Orasan" me etahi ētahi atu.

Ko te hanganga timatanga mo te kai

hāngai ana tēnei supply mana mō ngā tūroro kei i runga i ngā āhuatanga matū ïa whiriwhiri. E whakamahia ratou i roto i te wā motuhake o disorders pūkoro i roto i te tinana i roto i pathologies pērā i ate me te tākihi kore, mate huka, me te pancreatitis. I roto i tenei take, e kore e taea e te repe taiaki, te ate, me nga whatukuhu mahi ratou mahi motuhake, na enei ranunga tauturu i te tangata ki te whakahoki i te iti rawa wāhanga mahi faufaa. Hei kaha i tēnei momo ngā "Vivoneks", "Fleksikal", "Lofenalak" me etahi atu.

ranunga hawhe-timatanga

Enei ranunga kai mō ngā tūroro atu maha whakamahia atu te mea o mua. Ko e tika ana ki te meka tenei e whai ratou he mafamafatatau ake ka uru te whānui o tūroro tono te whakamahi o enteral kai tōtika ngā. Here, he pūmua i te puka o ngā waikawa amino me peptides, e taea ai ki a ratou ngāwari ake riro i roto i te tinana. E tono taua rongoā tonu i muri i te pokanga i mahi kūnatunga hara. Ko ētahi o ēnei "Nutrien Timatanga", "Nutrilon Pepto TSC", "Peptisorb", "Peptamen".

Ranu polymer Angamaheni

whakamahia tēnei momo i roto i maha mate i muri i ngā mahi, ina he te tangata i roto i te coma. Ko te tika tino mo te rauropi pakeke i roto i tona hanganga ratou. Kei roto ēnei rongoā nga kohuke tika katoa, āhuatanga wahi, pūmua, te ngako, te warowaihā. E wehea ratou ki e toru ngā momo.

1. Maroke ki te kia diluted me whakahaere hoki e gavage. Tenei kai tōtika i muri enteral: "Nutrizon", "Berlamin modular", "Nutrikomp Paerewa".
2. Wai, e taea te whakahaere tonu. E hangaia ratou hoki āhuatanga wahi e kore e taea e koe te ngaro i te meneti, hoatu kai tōtika tangata faufaa. Ko ētahi o ēnei "modular Berlamin", "Nutrikomp wai", "Nutrizon Standard" me etahi ētahi atu.
3. E whakamahia ranunga waha. Tenei "Berlamin modular", "Nutridrink", "Fortikrem" me pera i runga i.

He ranunga o te aronga

Tenei momo o te supply mana i runga i whakaaro rite ki nga whakaaro o pūhui timatanga. E hangaia ratou ki whakahoki te taumahinga o te tinana i te māuiuitanga ngā. whakatikatika ratou kore romahā pūkoro, tākihi waimaero me te ate mate.