Kaimahi kaupeka: whakamārama. kaimahi kaupeka kaiahuwhenua - ko tenei ...

Ko te wā "kaimahi kaupeka" puta roa i mua i meinga tenei āhuatanga papatipu kua noa i roto i te Empire Russian nui. Rangitahi, maha mahi kaupeka ngā kaimahi i te whai wāhitanga onge ki te whakapai ake i to ratou āhuatanga pūtea me te whakatutuki atu hoki ratou me o ratou hapu.

kaimahi kaupeka. whakamāramatanga

Ina whakaritea ki peasants noa, i noho ki to ratou whenua, tuku kaimahi kaiheke tangata whai wāhi i roto i te mahi mahi me te hoko i to ratou mana mahi i runga i te taha. Ko te whāriki pāpori motuhake, i whakatika i roto i te waenganui o te rautau XVII tenei, tere nui haere te maha o ona ngā mema, me te hawhe tuatahi o te rau tau XIX, hei tenei āhuatanga kua whānui. kaimahi kaupeka kaiahuwhenua - te iwi nei i mahue te kainga me kainga, ka tonoa ki te pa, te wahi anake ka anga ki te whakawhanake i ahumahi me te i te rave'a o moni i roto i te rāngai rerekē o te ōhanga.

Ko wai e kaimahi kaupeka?

Ko te kaimahi kaupeka tuatahi - ko reira te peasants e haere i runga i te mahi kaupeka i roto i te tahi atu wahi. ka haere mai kaimahi Unknown ki te pa ki tona taputapu unpretentious ka hanga i roto i nga pa tawhito o masterpieces nui o kohatu, me te rakau hoahoanga.

Ki te whakanui koe i te rohe o te kāwanatanga Russian hiahiatia cordons whakapakari tamau me te hanganga o nga pa hou me nga wahi taiepa. hiahiatia taua mahi Päkehä tamau o te kaha mahi, e taea e hoatu tau anake kaimahi-peasants. Ko te tino kitea tenei āhuatanga i roto i te hanganga o nga pa hou i roto i te raki o te whenua, tae atu i te whakapaipai emepaea hou - St Petersburg.

kaimahi kaupeka i roto i te rau tau XVII-XVIII

Ture tereraa fie o peasants i te wahi o te noho ko te ture o 1718, i whakakapi i te kāinga taake tāke whiwhinga moni (takoha). Whakaaro tane pupirikana-aufauraa i katoa. i whakakapi utu Natural e tukupā pūtea, ka āwhina i roto i i uaua i roto i tona kainga taketake tetahi nui. Faingamālie ki te hopu i runga i te tipu rohe me wheketere tata ngaro - te ahumahi i timata tika ki te whakawhanake, me te hiringa matua ki te whanaketanga ōhanga homai te whiwhinga o te whakapaipai ke. Taputapu mo te wheketere Russian i te nuinga kawemai, huarahi nui te taviniraa i te moana, awa, hokohoko ara-whakamatauria, whakatika tuatahi hinonga kia nui anake i roto i te pa nui.

i whakaritea kaimahi kaupeka me te mahi kaupeka i te tuhinga ā-- uruwhenua. Tikanga, i homai he uruwhenua taua ki te ahu whenua mo te tau, engari i reira i te tahi atu tiwhikete nei mana wā ko poto. Ko te tikanga i roto i te tīmatanga o te puna i mahue kaimahi wā te pa. i ahau ki te haere mano o kiromita, maha te ara katoa ka mau kaimahi kaiheke wahi i runga i te waewae. I te ara ki aua kaimahi maha i ki tono mea. I roto i te pa o kaimahi kaiheke kaiahuwhenua utua kaimahi i roto i te whare tūmataiti, ki te kamupene ranei te mahi mahi rerekē mō te utu puranga moni.

MURI mahi kaupeka i roto i te rau tau XIX

I roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau XIX i kawea ai kaiahuwhenua whakahou, i raro i nei riro kaimahi haere noa whaiaro. Ko te whenua i runga i nei mahi ratou, ko tonu i roto i te kainga o kaiwhakarēti. Nui haere te rahi o te peasants kore whenua nei i taea ki te whangai ia ratou ranei ratou hapu. I te tahi atu te ringa, ka hoatu e te tupu o whanaunga capitalist whanaketanga ki te whanaketanga o te ahumahi, i kua tuku iho i hāngai i roto i te pa nui o Russia. Ko te kupu, anake te taea o te imiraa i te pa noho.

Whakamātau ki te whakawhāiti i te mahi kaupeka

Na roto i te waenganui o te rau tau XIX huaina kaimahi kaupeka he maha nui o peasants nei i whiriwhiri āhua tāone. I roto i te tahi mau kawanatanga, te tokomaha o te iwi sai'ia mahi kaupeka, tae he wahi o te taupori pakeke tane. Whakaiti i te maha o kaimahi mahi te whenua, i akina te kāwanatanga ki te whakaae ki te whāititanga. I roto i te tikanga ki te whiwhi i te tuhinga ā-whakamana te kaupapa i roto i te whenua, i te kaiahuwhenua ki te waiho i roto i te hapori taiwhenua, te tika ki te withdrawal i te whenua ki te utu atu i te utu kairetiwhare o utunga. Otiia kawea mehua mana hua anake te kanohi. Hei tauira, i muri i te innovations-ture i roto i 1901 Lyubimsky District Yaroslavl kawanatanga o 12715 iwi kaimahi kaupeka i hoki 849 anake kaimahi ki te kainga.

Te raupapatanga o te hapori i roto i te taiao o kaimahi kaiheke

Ko te ora ōhanga o te kāwanatanga Russian i roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau XIX tīmata te tukanga o te raupapatanga taonga o whenei pāpori katoa. Ko te kaimahi kaupeka momona - ko te hoko whare rangatira, hotels me wharekai, toa me warehouses tenei. Enei māngai o te bourgeoisie arumoni nui noho e pā ana ki te 5% o te katoa maha o kaimahi tau.

Na ko 70% te mau melo o te piha haapiiraa waenganui tāone hou mahi i roto i te ahumahi, i roto i te whakangao, hanga, me te tahi atu rāngai o te ōhanga. Hei whakamutunga, e pā ana ki te hauwhā o te katoa maha o tenei kāwai o te taupori i kaimahi ki rota. ngā taua peasants mahi kaupeka ki te tukatuka o ratou ake whenua.

te ora hou

kawea News o te moni ka taea ki te kaimahi tau kainga. Ko nui i roto i te ora o te kainga tenei hui. Hoki mai ki tona kainga taketake i nga pa tawhiti, kaimahi kaupeka, peasants me puta ke to ratou oraraa, me nga ora o tona utuafare. ara tuawhenua o te ora ke, ko tona whare pūrere atu hou. Ko te mana o te pa whawhati nga turanga ritenga o te kainga. Rerekē etahi atu kaimahi kaimahi kaupeka - ko reira tata teetotal me ariki kaimahi, nehenehe nona tona pūkenga. I roto i tona whare te kawe mai kaimahi kaupeka i te pa nui mīharo ngā rā, me te ara papai - rama karahīni, samovars, taonga, kakahu huatau, gramophones. e hāngai ana tenei katoa e ki kaimahi rohe ki te ora te pa māhorahora. Hoki ngā kōtiro o kainga wareware , ko reira he rōpū te haaviraa. Te hono i tona ora ki tana tane, te sex ataahua taea tumanako hoki te ora whakarite me te mana pāpori teitei.