Karaehe i runga i Pereki: te wāhi o kōwhao, whakarōpū me te maimoatanga o caries niho

He aha whakarōpū caries niho? Ko reira anake i mawhiti tuatahi he mate ohie mohiotia ki te katoa. No te niho, i reira te mea he wehewehe o ona ngā momo, me titau ia o ratou ona ake huarahi motuhake ki te maimoatanga.

He rerekē Caries

Caries - te mate tino noa o te kōhao-waha, te whakawhanake i ngā wāhi rerekē o te niho taea e rerekē, me te pikitia haumanu o te tukanga. Hoki te haratau o te maimoatanga, te whiriwhiri tika o te faaineineraa niho me whakamahia mō te taatiraa momo rauemi ki te whakarōpū caries niho. Na tohatoha akomanga i runga i Blake, te hohonu o te hinga, te tohu o te mahi o te tukanga o te whakangaromanga, i te aroaro o pōauautanga, te āhua haumanu, me te wāhi o te lesion.

Ko te tino rongonui ko te whakarōpū whakaarohia i roto i te 1986 i te tākuta niho American George. Black. Ko tōna whāinga ko te systematization o nga parau tumu o te maimoatanga mo te momo o ngā momo huru o caries niho.

Karaehe i runga i Blake

tāutuhia Black rima akomanga ki localize runga i te mata, e ko, i runga i te wahi e kei reira kōhao carious rānei:

1. matore localization (kapiti me depressions i roto i te mata occlusal tohu), rua molars me premolars (molars nui, me te iti), canines me incisors.
2. uesia reira e rua, neke atu rānei o te papa - e riro e te medial me distal (caries mua i runga i niho) occlusion (ngaungau me tapahi papa) molars me premolars ranei.
3. Kauneke o te mate i runga i te wahi medial me distal o nga canines me incisors.
4. Ko te rite i o te toru o nga piha, me ahakoa nga koki o te wahi karauna ranei tapahi mata localization.
5. Kōhao ni'ai te wahi waha o tetahi rōpū o niho.

e māka Black systematize taatou katoa taea o kōwhao, ia o ratou whakarato te maimoatanga motuhake, he tikanga o te niho faaineineraa o te manawanui, me te tāuta i te hiri.

Ko te piha haapiiraa tuatahi e Black

Kei kōhao carious ai te whakanui ake i te mōrea o whawhati te mata hiri o te pēhanga tiketike ki runga i te reira i roto i ngaungau. A, no te te faaineineraa niho ngā mehua ki te aukati i te taea taua. puta tenei i te whakaiti i te tohu Heretua me whakakikorua he kahu nui o te whakakī rauemi. A, no te te whakamahi i te hiato ki te haamărôraa matū tono whakarara te ki te raro o tona kōhao, rite ka te na'ina'iraa e whakahaua ki te penupenu. Ki te whakamahi koe i ngā rauemi marama-whakaorangia, kua whakatakotoria reira te wakapū papa. ka te na'ina'iraa i roto i tenei take e whakahaua ki te pūtake polymerization. Me takoto paparanga i te raro waenganui ki te taha o te kōhao, puta anó i roto i nga taiepa taha, a i muri i - hāngai ki te mata ngangau. Ka rite ki te hua, tutuki he pai kikī te i roto i te kōhao hiri.

Wāhanga te whakakī i te kōwhao o te piha haapiiraa tuatahi o

Me taua mahi ki te kia tangohia tākuta ki te whakaora i te Grade 1 i runga i Blake:

• anesthetize (whakamahi rā rongoā ranei rehu lidocaine) ,
• faaineine i te niho (faaineineraa tā kōhao wahi carious hohonu o te kiko pakeke)
• ki te tika ki te tangohia te gasket tuuraa (ki te ārai te rongo o te hiato ki te penupenu me tona ritenga)
• pīkara waikawa me te waiopeope, maroke te kōhao,
• mavahe i huware,
• tika te tono tämata (mo te dentin)
• Hoatu piripiri (hononga i waenganui i te mema hiato, me te kakahu niho tämata ranei)
• paparanga i te apa rauemi maka ki te pupuri i tona haamărôraa,
• kia whakaritea ki te āhua e hiahiatia, ki te whakaputa i oti, me te oro,
• kia kōnakonako (haamărôraa whakamutunga).

Te piha haapiiraa tuarua e Black

He ona ake raruraru Grade 2 e Black fokotuu i tona maimoatanga o rua whāinga matua - ki te waihanga i tētahi whakapā kaha i waenganui i nga niho, me te whakarato i te pai snug o te hiato ki te mata o te kōhao matua. E mea pinepine faingataa te tukanga taatiraa e te ahua o nga hiri e te niao, te kore o te whakapā i waenganui i nga niho i te rauemi ki te kōwhao ranei. Kia kore ai tenei, te whakamahi i te niho kawea Paraire te kopu kikokore (ki te whānuitanga taea) te whakamahi i wēti rakau. I roto i te whakauru i te kopu wāhi interdental me poro whakaritea, ka makuku ki te wai. Poro āmai me pana te niho. Tenei tikanga ka whakakī ki te karo i pari tapa o ngā whakakī, e i roto i te tahuri taea meinga mumura o te pae. pai rawa Matotoru ki te kōhao whakarato te whakamahi o te piripiri - Kōpaki iho no te mea e taea te mau hono te hiato anake ki tohu, engari te dentin.

Wāhanga te whakakī kōwhao rua o te piha haapiiraa

e akomanga Black i roto i te maimoatanga i ngā ritenga i, engari ia o ratou titau onäianei motuhake o te whakakī. Tenei ko nga kaupae mo te piha haapiiraa tuarua:

• rehunga,
• faaineineraa,
• ki te tika, te ako o pae,
• Tāutanga o te kopu ki te whakataki o te poro rakau taata tei mau ranei,
• ki te neke motu tika niho,
• te uta o te Atahanga tuuraa (te mea e tika ana)
• e mau ana i roto i waikawa tikanga, horoi waikawa me te whakamaroke
  kōhao
• motuhake niho i te huware,
• tono Kamataanga me piripiri,
• ki te tika - whakahokia te taha tohu (ki te wātea),
• te uta o te papa hiato,
• Tango i te kopu, me te poro,
• mana interproximal whakapā,
• te ako, te oro,
• mutu anó.

akomanga toru, te wha

Here, takaro te tūranga matua e te kōwhiringa o te tae o te rauemi whakakī, no te mea i roto i tenei take paetata te pirau niho kei i runga i te niho mua. Nā ki te whakarea rerekē o te mārama dentin me korahirahi, he tika te maimoatanga ki te whakamahi i te hiato o tae e rua rerekē. Hiahia ko hoki whakaaro ōrite he niho, a kihai hiri i titiro rite te papaki mo. Hei waihanga i te pānga tino taiao, te whakamahi i te Pakeha o te rauemi te peeraa i te dentin, a tata mārama - ki te waihanga i te korahirahi. kihai i kitea te whakawhiti, Heretua hipokina te tohu e 2-3 mm. He mea nui kia te taua mahi pai te mahi i te niho pai tika e taea e te whakatau i te mārama o te niho. E toru nga nekehanga o reira: puatakore (te tikanga kowhai, puatakore mata ara tapahi), mārama (tupapaku kōwhai-hina, mata whakairo mārama), he tino mārama (grayish, rohe mārama rarangi tuatoru o te niho.

Wāhanga te whakakī kōwhao 3 me 4 ngā akomanga

Hei hiritia te toru, te wha o nga akomanga o kōwhao i Black, me whakaoti i te niho te whai i ēnei:

• horoi i te mata o te tohu,
• whakatau i te atarangi te niho,
• anesthetize,
• ki te faaineine i te niho ki te tuku i i te kiko pangia
• whakaturia nga aho retraction kopu ranei, ina te hiahiatia reira (pānga tawhē gingival)
• tono te tuuraa ararewa,
• ki te tika, ki te whakahoki i te takiwa o nga niho,
• waiopeope waikawa me te maroke te kōhao,
• tutakina huware,
• Hoatu he tämata (kōwhiringa) me te piripiri
• plobiruyuschy tangohia paparanga o rauemi,
• tango o te kopu me te kakawaea, ki te hāngai,
• whakarite mata, ki te hanga i te niho,
• huri me te oro,
• mutu anó.

kōeke tuarima e Black

I roto i tenei take, i te faufaa matua ko te hononga o te pae, me kōwhao. Ki te pāpaka hohonu ki te kati o te mata o raro o te pae, toto ia, whakarite tonu he niho pai e te ako o te taha gingival. I muri i te whawhe tika o te kapia mo te torutoru nga ra, tangohia te whakakī rangitahi ki te whakakore i atu mau fifi, no te tāuta tamau. kōeke tuarima whai wāhi te whakamahi o ngā rauemi hiato me compomers (hiato-ionomer hanganga). Ko te whakamutunga e whakamahia mō te pāpaka ausia ki te wahi nui o te localization nui rawa. I roto i te wā i reira he nui ahua rerehua (ranei te pānga kore te tohu anake), mā te whakamahi i composites marama-haamărôraa rawa tīpakohia te tae.

Hipanga mō te whakakī kōwhao o te rima te piha haapiiraa

Aha ki te mahi, no te rongoā caries rima o kōeke:

• horoi i te mata niho i te kirikita,
• whakatau i te atarangi,
• whakapau rehunga
• mahi tuaki, te tango i te kiko fakavaivaí
• tika tawhē gingival, ki te tika,
• tomo te aho retraction,
• tangohia te gasket mo mātao, ki te tika,
• waiopeope waikawa, maroke,
• mavahe i huware,
• Hoatu Kamataanga me piripiri,
• te pikau rauemi, anó,
• huri me te oro,
• mutu anó.

te ono o kōeke

Ko te TEETH American rongonui, ko tona ingoa ko te whakarōpūtanga e ingoa, E rima akomanga o kōwhao. Hoki te wa roa, whakamahia tona pūnaha i roto i tona puka taketake. Otiia i muri mai i runga i te kaupapa o ngā akomanga Health e Black World Organization kua oti huringa iti - i honoa ai ki te ono o. whakaahua ana ia te localization o caries i te mata koi o nga incisors me i nga pukepuke o niho posterior.