Karepe phylloxera: take me mehua mana

Katoa kari rangatira o te rohe tapa tāone ranei e hiahia ana tatou ki te tupu kakara, karepe reka, e taea whakamanamana ki agronomists mātanga. Otiia i roto i te meka, Ko te tino raruraru tenei tukanga, no te mea maha i ki te kanohi maha tamataraa, tae atu ki ngā pests tenei wa. Na tetahi o nga tino noa mate ko aphids. Te kimi enei pepeke i roto i nga rakau, e kore e mataku, no te mea ngāwari riro te phylloxera karepe ki ia ite i te hoariri, me te tīmata tika i runga i te wā ki te mahi.

Nahea te puka whārangi o te mate

Rapu aphids noa ki te ki te whakaatu tiaki me te titiro i nga otaota. galls Motuhake i runga i te rau, warty-rite hanganga o āhua porohita, fokotu'u e rau karepe phylloxera. Ki te he kitea anake i te taha o raro o te papatipu matomato opupu, he mea he mate tuatahi o te ngahere, me te mea i runga i runga, kua noho ano te torongū.

Me kï reira e taea e rerekē te kaha o te phylloxera i runga i nga otaota me tei runga i te wātea i te mate o nga rakau, me to ratou tau.

Na, ki te mea te kanohi tahanga mārama phylloxera kitea (growths i runga i te , rau karepe) me timata tonu te whawhai ki a reira. Heoi, te wehewehe i ngā tohunga hoki i waenganui i te pakiaka, me te ahua o te mate, no te mea o e puhoi ki raro, ki te rakau tupu, riro iti te pepa, me te fruiting - si'isi'i. E ngā, te tipu pouri noa, a ki te whakapumautia i te take tangohia o tona mate, i neke atu i te kotahi ki te tango tauira mō te ako taipitopito.

Me pēhea te ki te ite i te puka pakiaka o te mate

I roto i te tikanga ki te kitea te aroaro o aphids tohu o tona wa i runga i te pūnaha pakiaka ranei, e hiahia ana koe ki te keri i roto i te maha waina hihira pakiaka mata ranei. tūtohu Tohunga prodelyvat tukanga i roto i te hawhe tuarua o te raumati, no te mea i roto i tenei wā kaha whakatipuria te riha me he reira māmā ki te kitea. I te tīpako me hoki kia hakari, me te oneone. Ata wehe te kikokore ki te hoari koi mau he kapia whenua scalpel ranei ka titiro nga tirotiro o kapiti i roto i te uho. Ki te phylloxera karepe i runga i a ratou he reira, kite te kaiwhakatipu he matakoma iti i runga i te pakiaka iti, me matotoru - tautau o wahi kōwhai ngō-rite. Ratou e roundish, kaua e nui ake 1 henemita te whānui. Ko reira taa'eraa e tangohia nga tohutohu pakiaka pāngia te Pakeha clavate ranei ki nodules kowhai-ma e pae hopea whakapouritia, whatiia ake, a ka tino riro tata indistinguishable. rite Bark he hautai, hu'ahu'a roa'tu, a ka titiro memenge te pakiaka.

I te timatanga rawa o te phylloxera mate i runga i te karepe he tata e kitea, a he mea taea ki te kitea te rima o anake tau, na kua prodelyvat te vykopok mana tukanga tau. He mea nui ki te mahara e maha ora te pepeke i roto i ngā wāhi wahi e te hotbed o mate, ka rite ki te waiho tonu tipu rawa mate, me te uri ki runga ki hauora. Pest ahei noho tangata i runga i te mata o te pakiaka, me te wahi e takoto i te hohonu o paku neke atu i te kotahi mita. Hoki tirohanga kia tīpakohia tauira o rakau iti ora.

Homeland phylloxera, ka me te wahi i kitea ai

Home ki te pōrearea taratahi tino mōrearea ko te wahi tonga-rawhiti o te United States. Nuinga o ngā wā e ia Met runga mohoao rakau iti whakatipu i roto i te Mississipi awa takotoranga wai. whakahaere te hinga tuatahi o mara waina ki te whakatika i roto i te tau 1868, te tau i roto i Europe. parau History tatou e i roto i te rau tau 19, whakangaromia te phylloxera karepe neke atu i te 6 heketea o ngā māra, ka puta i roto i Russia i 1880. Nui kaiwhakatipu V. E. Tairov tuhia e te ngō ko te riha tino whakamataku me te tamau, no te mea e noho ana i runga i pakiaka me rau, whakangaro te ngahere i muri te rakau, me te wahi katoa hopoi whakamoti me te kino anake. I roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau ka puta te riha i roto i te tonga o France, a ki te tere faahiahia horahia ki tata rohe Pākehā katoa.

E tano ia tapao, i roto i te wā poto o te phylloxera wā huna i runga i 70% o nga mara waina a tawhio noa te ao.

pests tauoranga pakiaka

aphids karepe me te lifecycle tino uaua, me te wehea ki nga puka e whai ake nei:

• raro;
• whenua;
• hononga whakarato (parirau).

Na, tino katoa te ngō takitahi e patu te pūnaha pakiaka, anake wahine. Pepeke āhuatanga e te kore o parirau, he tae kōwhai-matomato ki ira iti pouri i runga i te hoki. Ngote proboscis o neke atu i te upoko ki te wahi puku o te tinana, me te taea ki te werohia nga pakiaka o te rakau mo te rohirohi o te kai, ko te. I roto i te 4 - 6 wiki, nga wahine takoto rau o hua kowhai, o nei 8-10 ra te torongū e whanau ki proboscis rawa roa. pai tenei puka o te riha ki te ora i roto i te otaota tawhito, me te takurua ratou.

Ko taau e noho ki te tupu te torongū e tino ātete ki te matao, a kahore he ngāwari whawhai ratou.

puka tauoranga whai parirau

I roto i te mutunga o te raumati - wawe te ngahuru i roto i nga punua ngō pakiaka e taea te kite - he ika karaka kikokore ki te timatanga o parirau. Kei te kaha whakawhanake ratou i roto i ngā āhuatanga o te haumākū nui, me te etahi tikanga huarere. ngokingoki pepeke atu ki te mata, me te i muri i te 4 turukitanga tino puta ki te āhua whai parirau ki kāwai roa, me te pai whakawhanakehia-te kanohi. Taua pōrearea kua taea ki te rere i te tawhiti poto atu i runga i tākihi karepe whakararo o te pepa, me te kiri wewete hua unfertilized. O te torongū atu iti tupu tauira toa, e ora anake 10 ra, e kore hoki ratou e taea e kai no te mea o te kore o te proboscis. Heoi, i muri i te kotahi takoto takoto, te uha ka waha he kotahi wairakau hua manu e pai ai te takurua i te kapiti me kapiti o koroheke rakau.

puka whārangi tauoranga

I roto i te puna o te hotoke hua pao ki aphids wahine parihau noho tuatahi i roto i te rau 1-6. Ina e whakangaueuetia ia teitei i ngote atu te tihi o te papatipu matomato o nga he inu katoa. i hanga te pae poka te au matomato ki te āhua kōpapa, ētahi wā ki te wahi whero. Anake i te torutoru wiki karepe phylloxera waha neke atu i te 1,000 hua, o nei e 8 ra i reira e taitama takitahi, Living runga i te he pakarukaru wana. Pest perepolzet tere whakarunga, a ka te tino huaketo te tipu - oho ki ētahi atu rakau. Ko reira taa'eraa e raro i ngā āhuatanga pai i roto i te wa kotahi, kia whakawhanake ake ki te 5 whakatupuranga o aphids. Na roto i te riro noa atu te hinga o te riha, ko tona tinana nui kaha, me proboscis - roa. Ahakoa te meka e te puka whārangi kua patua me rau hinga, ki taua karepe phylloxera i runga i mehua aro waha ana te reira rawa tamau.

Kia pehea te Ko te phylloxera

Aphids Grape Root, rau me te āhua whai parirau e taea o mātātoa neke te matomato wana, rau me te oneone. I te tahi taime e raro takitahi ki te mata, te wahi neke te karaka, kahore kai me te okiokinga i te tere o te 3 cm ia meneti. ngokingoki hinga 100 mita. Hoki oho pē phylloxera karepe i runga i te roa tawhiti awa o hau, paru anake ranei. He take ina hinga te pōrearea e pā ana ki te 30 kiromita. Te reira i āwhina ki te horapa o te mate me te tangata e hokona te huaketo werohanga a whakato rauemi, machining hauora tipu ki paru mea whakatangi.

I tua atu, i te riha kawea e kirehe o te parae, me nga manu.

Ko te phylloxera kino

I roto i te tukanga o ratou phylloxera ora matua pānga te pūnaha pakiaka, na te ngahere e tango i ia tau iti matūkai ranei rawa mutu ki te takanga mai ratou. Nodules, nodules me nodules tino ārai wāhanga raro o ngā tipu, meinga ki a ratou mate o te hemokai. Ka taea e Young rakau iti tīmata ki te maroke ake mo te 3-5 tau i muri i te mate, me te ake ngā pakeke - nui i muri. whakawarea wana kore e karepe i te wā ki te ena, na ratou e kore e maha e taea te aro ki te hukapapa hotoke.

Ki te whakaaro tatou te lesion, taea kite tatou e ngā reira rerekē āhua porotītaha, no te mea kua horapa nui te riha i roto i ngā tohutohu katoa i te ahanoa o te mate tuatahi. Atu i ki te hamani waina phylloxera, me whakaahua ki te whakamārama taipitopito o te riha kei te ngāwari kitea i roto i te maha ngā mātāpuna, engari he reira pai ki te hoko momo mate-ātete.

Ko tēhea momo karepe he pai ki te tipu i te pae

Mai nohoia te pōrearea te nuinga i runga i ngā momo karepe American, tūtohu tohunga ki te tupu momo tipu Pākehā, whakato ratou i roto i te onepu. Auhia neke hoki ki te momo hou matatini-ātete hybrids Tiakina-Villars ranei. Reliably whakamahi momo karepe Pākehā e te hunga ātete ki phylloxera i te wa o te werohanga.

momo Taunakitia o waina rootstock:

• Kober 5BB;
• Riparia x rupestris 101-14;
• Riparia Gloire.

He ātete ki te tukanga pirau pakiaka, me i te wa o te phylloxera mate e kore e mate i enei tipu.

tikanga tuku iho ki te aro phylloxera

I muri i kitea te waina phylloxera - me timata tonu te whawhai ki a reira. Ki te te horapa o te pōrearea iti, i te reira ko e taea ki tino horoa ki te wā tikanga. Na, ngana ki te horoi atu pepeke kino pēhanga nui wai, i muri nei hei e ratou te taonga parau o manu. kia whakamana te tukanga wā maha.

Ano, kei te maha tohutohu ki te faaineine i te momo o rongoā:

• Hopi (100 g uku hopi rewa i roto i te 10 rita o te wai). Pea ki te whāranu te hopi ki te nui iti o te horoi paura, me te hopi teretere, engari he pai ki te karo i mea kakara rawa, no te mea kukume ratou ngārara.
• Mai i pungarehu (1 kapu ki te 5 rita o te wai, me te infuse mō te 12 haora).
• kiri Citrus (0.5 rita reboil korakora taonga i roto i te 1 rita o te wai, tātari me te tāpiri i tetahi atu 10 L o te wai).
• Mai i tihi otaota solanaceous (hawhe whakakiia 3-rita pounamu otaota tapatapahi rawa, me riringi te wai kohua i runga i te kaki. Infuse mo te ra kotahi, ka tāpiri 1 tbsp. L. Soap maramara paura ranei).
• Tupeka (rau 1 kapu māhī tupeka i roto i te 5 rita o te wai, infuse me te awakeri).

I tua atu, kei te tohutohu maha taukei waina-kaiahuwhenua ki te kawe i te mahuri painga pepeke, manu, me te whenua e tata ana nga rakau o otaota reka puawai ranei.

Matū ki te aro phylloxera

O te akoranga, e kore katoa vacationers whakapono i roto i te tuku iho ngā tikanga o te pakanga ki te aphids, kia hiahia ki utu taka-Made taputapu i roto i motuhake toa. He mea tika ki te kawe i te maimoatanga o insecticides phylloxera karepe e tata horoia atu i te rerenga, me he tino haumaru mō ngā e fanga.

Ko te taero tino noa ki aphids:

• "Fastak" (ngā tahi atu tikanga fungicidal me insecticidal);
• "Phosalone" (whakamate aphids me tiaki nga otaota mō te wā roa, whakaaturia mahi paitini noa i pāmahana iti);
• "Aktellik" (ārai recolonization);
• "Kinmiks" (whakangaro pakeke phylloxera me ngā torongū o nga mea katoa);
• "Konfidor" me "B-58" (patua te puka pepa pōrearea).

He mea nui hoki ki te whakangaro rawa i te pokapū o te mate, mā te whakamahi i te pūkākā,, disulfide waro muia, kia tomo hohonu ki te oneone. Piri ki te mehua taratahi tūtohutia ki te tiaki i ētahi atu tipu i ngō kătahi.