Kawanatanga Astrakhan. Rironga ki Russia me te tahuri

Astrakhan Province Whiringa 22, 2017 whakanui ana tona tau 300th. I hanga e te reira i te taha o te ture o Pita te nui i roto i 1717. I tona rohe mai i 1480 ko te kingitanga Astrakhan, i vai na noa 1557, ka i piri ai ki te Moscow State.

History o te mātauranga

E toru nga tau i mua, ka tomo te ope Moscow arahina e Prince Pronsky-Shemyakin te rohe o te kingitanga mo te Whakatūnga o te torona whakarau Derbyshev Khan, nei ui i te tauturu i Moscow, a ka mau te oati o piri ki te āhua Russian ki te huru o te aufauraa i takoha. I muri tona tinihanga i roto i 1557 hōia Russian te mapi te Khanate ki Russia.

Kua tonu kua nui ngā pānga kāwanatanga Russian i roto i enei whenua. I ia te maha o ngā whāinga. Ko te tuatahi, me te tino nui - te tiaki o rohe i te marau o te mano tini Tatar, e wā whiti te rohe ki te whenua, reira hei he tūnguru ki te taupori, pononga hijacking tangata. Ko te tuarua - te Moana o Kapiana, i i te uru ki te faufaa rautaki mo te kāwanatanga. oho mata Colonisation ki te uaua nui. I whakahaerehia tēnei e ngā marau auau o Tatars me patua konihi e Cossacks noa, me te Kalmyks.

Mai 1708 i whakaurua te whenua o te kingitanga o mua ki te rohe o te kawanatanga Kazan. Nui moni ki te mata whakakitea Potr Veliky. Ko te tukuna ia he tikanga i roto i 1717 i hanga te rohe whenua o te Russian Empire. ka Astrakhan rangatiratanga o mua he wahi hei kōwae whakahaere - te kawanatanga, ahu e te Kawana Tianara.

hea, ao

Te kimi i te kawanatanga Astrakhan - tonga-rawhiti wahi o Pākehā Russia. Hei wāhanga o tona rohe, rite nga rohe mo te tau 1914 ngā te rohe Astrakhan ko Kalmykia tino, wāhanga Volgograd ko Rostov Region, Stavropol Territory, Dagestan ko Kazakhstan Guryev rohe.

Kei te takoto te reira i runga i nga mania o Kapiana, kua horoia e pā ana ki 500 kiromita te reira e te Moana o Kapiana. wehea nga taha o raro o te awa Täingäwai te kawanatanga kia rua nga wahi. Matau huaina (te Täingäwai) ko te koraha Kalmyk, Mauī (Zavolzhskaya) - steppe Kirghiz. Hohonu Täingäwai i roto i te kawanatanga Astrakhan te wehea ki e rua kopere, wāwāhi ki maha takere, nei tau kei i te kongutu o te Moana o Kapiana he 70.

Me pēhea te ki te huri i te hanganga o te kawanatanga

He tonu o huringa History o Astrakhan kawanatanga. ngā reira a ahu mai i te rohe nui. Gubernija raro Pita tino rerekē i te mara o nāianei. atu ona rohe i te steppes mohoao o Kirghiz ki te Caucasus, i te Territory Kuban me Stavropol ki Middle Täingäwai.

Ko te pa o Astrakhan kawanatanga, e nga te taketake o tona rohe:

• Astrakhan;
• Guryev - wā i roto i Atyrau (katatānga) ;
• Dmitrievsky - wā Kamyshin;
• Krasny Yar;
• Kizlyar;
• Petrovsk;
• Samara;
• Saratov;
• Simbirsk - Ulyanovsk i te kau;
• Syzran;
• Terek;
• Tsarina - whakahaere i tēnei wā;
• Black Yar.

I muri i 11 tau, i nekehia e wha o nga pa Täingäwai (Samara, Saratov, Simbirsk, Syzran) i te ka tomo te kawanatanga Kazan. I muri i tetahi atu 11 tau, tāpiri ano Saratov ki te kawanatanga Astrakhan. He tau i muri mai ka e ia te pokapū o Saratov käwanatanga.

Hoki tohutoro, te Kawanatanga - he ahua o te kāwanatanga-whaiaro. kawana whakahaere whakaritea e Moscow, engari, pērā kore e pupuri i te kawana i te utu o te kāwanatanga, ka ko ki runga ki te kai o te rohe kaimahi. Tona whāinga - ki te whakahaere i te kawanatanga, me te ki te kohikohi takoha. ka whānui Tuhinga i roto i te kingitanga o Catherine II. ko āhuatanga o Russia kore anake tenei ahua o te kāwanatanga, engari ka mau wahi i roto i ētahi atu whenua, ngā Ingarangi.

He ko he mahi mohio, engari nui i runga i te whakaritenga o te rohe o te State i i tangohia i te Astrakhan Porowini kua tona wahi nui hei hoia o te kingitanga me te piriti i waenganui Russia me te Te Tai Rāwhiti. Ko tōna hua - te hanganga o kawanatanga hou, te whakawhitinga o ētahi wāhi ki ētahi atu wāhanga. I te 1752 ka whakawhitia te pa ki a Orenburg Guryev. E toru tekau nga tau hoki tomo Astrakhan kawanatanga, i te wa ano i roto i tona hanganga te pa o Uralsk. I muri i te ia Axhtubinsk Black Yar oho a Tsarina ki te kawanatanga.

Moving i roto i te kawanatanga

ngā wāhi nui i mōwai kawanatanga o Astrakhan. ora matou i konei mo te wahi tino iwi hikihiki: te Kirghiz me Kalmyks. E tū ana te wahi matua o te pa kei runga i te pareparenga o te Täingäwai - tuu taonga i roto i te ika, me te whenua karaihe. Ki te whakarite i te mahi noa i tika ki te waihanga i te noho noho ora i runga i tona rohe. tīmata te reira i tata te hūnuku ao i te wahi Pākehā o te kingitanga i roto i te koraha Kirghiz.

E te reira i te mau faaotiraa e tika ana mo te whakataunga ohorere o te rohe o te kawanatanga: ki te hoatu whenua mo te hoko i runga i ngā pai. I tua atu, i te aroaro ratou, i whakaaetia e ratou mo te whakamahi noa. kawea whakaruru i roto i kainga katoa. He nga kainga Cossack hou. ko kawanatanga Astrakhan he wahi o whakarau, i reira nga taumaihi. Tenei mahue nga whakapono Old me angatu'u ko. Na roto i te mutunga o te rau tau XIX ko te tokomaha o te taupori Siu (Russian, Ukrainian) e pā ana ki 55%, Kirghiz (Kazakhs) - e pā ana ki 25%, Kalmyks - 13%, Tatars - 6%.

wehenga whakahaere

te pa o Astrakhan te pokapū whakahaere o te kawanatanga i. Ko te tekau tau tuatahi o te rau tau XX. i roto i te kawanatanga, i reira nga 5 kauti. ko County Astrakhan Astrakhan kawanatanga te nui rawa i roto i ngā o te taupori - 219 760 iwi (1897). Na ka haere mai te Enotaevsky hou hanga, Krasnoyarsk, ko Chernoyarsky Tsarovsky, Kalmyk me steppes Kirghiz me te ope Astrakhan Cossack.

Ko te hanganga o nga Kauti rima ngā:

• hapori Rural - 157;
• taone - 47;
• mira - 13;
• ngā wāhi uryadnicheskih - 89.

Kalmytskaya koraha ngā mana ulus whitu me Bazaar. ngā steppe Kirghiz o rima nga wahi, me te rua nga wehenga. ko te ope Astrakhan Cossack rua wehenga, arā, o 13 kainga, a ka kainga mo rōpū. i neke atu i te miriona te tapeke o noho. I runga i te rohe o te kawanatanga whakahaeretia reira 167 hahi, 4 Siu monasteries.

Province i roto i nga rau tau XIX-XX

kawanatanga Astrakhan i roto i te rau tau 19 tonu tona huringa, Heoi, kihai i rite ratou ki nui rite i roto i te rau tau XVIII. I roto i te 1832, i muri i nui anō Astrakhan kawanatanga me nga Caucasus i tino wehea. I te matenga o taua mea e tu ana e rua kawana - harangotengote me te hōia. Ko te nuinga o te huringa i oti. Pākehā tonu o te rohe.

ka mau Tata huringa rohe wahi i roto i te timatanga o XX. I roto i te 1917, i whakarite anōtia e te koraha Kirghiz ki te kawanatanga Bukeyev hou hanga a piri kauti Tsarovsky ko Chernoyarsky te kawanatanga Tsaritsyn. I te tau 1925 whakakahoretia kauti me 12 rohe e hanga e.