Kia pehea te ko te tātaitanga o te utu o ngā ratonga: te tātaitanga tauira. Ko te utu utu o ngā ratonga

Ko te utu utu ko te tohu nui i roto i te puka o te moni e whakaata ana i te utu tūturu o te hanga putanga, ratonga whakarato me te whakatinanatanga o te hua whakamutunga. Ki te utu e taea te tātai utu wae. i hanga te tohu i roto i te hanga ngā me whakaata te moni takitahi, tikanga hangarau. He he he tātaitanga ururua tauira mo ia peka. Ko te utu utu o ngā ratonga ka tukua i te mana'o tika atu o te hiranga o te tohu mō te aromatawai ōhanga o te kakama, whakatau moni.

tohu utu i roto i te whakamahere me te utu whakaiti

Hei whakawhānui i te hōkai o te production, ake i utu kaimahi engineering me kaimahi, ko te tino nui ki te kawe i roto i utu penapena. Ko te hua ko te whakaiti nui i roto i ngā utu production, e pä te hua o penapena ki te whakapiki ake i hanga āheinga, me te whakapiki ake i te oranga o ngā kaimahi.

E kore e taea ki te pe si◊aki te tūranga o te kaute, whakaputa i te tetahi he wā o te tātaitanga o te hua. He tikanga motuhake o te tātai i te utu o ka tukua ratonga wā ki te tango i te tiaki o te whakataki o mehua e tika ana ki te whakaiti i ngā utu production, ki te tāutu i whakamahi hauarea, me te tika o ngā rauemi rauemi.

momo o te utu

I roto i te whakatinanatanga o te whakamahere me te whakahaere i te tātari utu-painga i runga i te take o ngā momo rerekē o ngā hua mutunga ratonga ranei whakamahia whakatau tata utu:

• ngā;
• ture;
• tūturu.

tatau Target Kei runga i te pūtake o buka production matapae, i te tono tikanga ohaoha. Ko te tikanga whakaritea e, ki te tātai tatou te utu o ngā ratonga o te hinonga, tango ki pūkete te uara o te uara o te utu o te hanga o ngā momo o ngā hua rohe heke mai.

ahua normative whiwhi ina ngā nga tikanga mo te tātai i te utu o ngā ratonga i roto i te hanga o nga taonga te tono whakahauanga o te ture i roto i te mana i te hinonga ngā, whakaaetia e tata whakahaere. Ko te ture tātai whakamahia i roto i te kohi o ngā rauemi mata, me te faaotiraa o te utu e wahi i roto i te tirohanga o te utu whakapumautia hoki mahi takitahi.

tāutuhia tohu pūrongo tūturu i runga i te pūtake o te mahi kaute mōhiohio i muri i te mutunga o te wā pūrongo me i te mutunga o te huringa production, rite tautuhia e te tātai tauira. Ko te utu utu o ngā ratonga ngā moni tūturu i runga i te tuku o nga taonga te mahi whakamana ranei. Ko tenei momo o te utu , ko te pūtake mō te whakahaere i te ōhanga tātari, te whakamahere wā poto roa ranei heke mai o te hanga.

tātaitanga

I raro i te tātaitanga e pā ana ki te ngā o ngā tikanga me ngā huarahi ki te tātai i te utu wae o nga taonga, ratonga mahi ranei tīpakohia. Ko te tātai, ko te he tātaitanga o te utu o ngā ratonga. hanga tētahi tauira o reira te taea ki te whakaatu pehea ki te tiki i te utu o maha hinonga kaute motuhake. meatia te tātaitanga kei te hoki te uara moni o ngā wāhanga katoa o te kaute whānui i te kamupene.

Tātaitanga o te pūtake mō te tātai i te utu ia waeine o te hua, tango ki pūkete te utu o tona production. Ia hinonga, e hāngai ana i runga i nga pau o production, hanga raro ki te tātaitanga wae. E nehenehe te reira 1 wae, 1 mita, i ētahi wā riro te kōwae tekau rau ranei o mongamonga, ki te e hua ratou i roto i te huringa kotahi.

Ngā momo o Tefito tātai

I roto i ia tātaitanga whakaata te production ngā, engari noa i roto i te wā katoa e etahi oko, e Tātaitia te utu o ngā ratonga:

• rauemi, rauemi raw, wahi wāhanga, toromoka;
• wahie, me te pūngao whakamahia i roto i te mahi o te huringa mahi;
• te rahi o utu o kaimahi mahi i roto i te whakangao;
• takoha i runga i nga utu o te hanga kaimahi;
• te utu o te whakahaere i te hanga katoa;
• atu utu putanga;
• ururua tūmataiti me te arumoni.

ahanoa tātaitanga

Ki te awhina o tātai takoto e te utu o te mahi, kia rite ki te tauira o te tātaitanga. tātai Utu o ratonga e hāngai ana i runga i te utu tūturu o te ahumahi hua tīpakohia. I roto i tenei take, tei reira e kore anake i runga i te utu whakamutunga o te taonga, engari ano hoki e taea te utu i nga utu o te tuatahi, huringa takawaenga, me te wāhanga hangarau.

I roto i te tahi atu te wā, i hanga te ahanoa o te tātai e te hinonga i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te hanga, i hanga i roto i ngā tari me wehenga, ranei oti mahi, ngā ratonga, taonga.

Ko te wāhanga o te tuhinga kaute

Ko te tātai o te utu o ngā ratonga, i te mea he tauira mo ētahi o ngā wāhanga e whakaaturia ana i raro, ngā ahanoa utu raraunga motuhake:

• mahi whakamahia taonga me toa mahi i roto i te hiahia production matua.
• Intermediate semifinished wae taketake whakamahia i roto i te wāhanga production whakamutunga.
• Products o ngā tari takitahi ki te whakatau i te hua ōhanga.
• Te tuku hua rōpū, etahi tikanga motuhake wā wā ranei.
• Units o ngā hua āhua-oti hokona ki ētahi atu pakihi.
• tū Units o taonga oti hoki te hoko i roto i te mākete.

Taraiwa whakahiato tātaitanga

I runga i te kaupapa tikanga o te tuhi ake te tatauranga, tomo te raraunga ki te ripanga. E ai ki tenei tikanga, tātai te utu o ngā ratonga. Tauira - Excel - hōtaka utu hiko e te tino oreore mo te faaotiraa o utu kōwae.

whakaaro production ururua Hoki i roto i ngā moni e ki te hei moni i runga i te nui katoa o ngā rauemi i whakamahia, me te kaipōti. takoto ana te tau e te ōrau o te whaihuanga ōhanga o te hanga i roto i te wā o mua. Hei kitea i roto i te nui o utu i runga i te utu o utu atu, tangohia te utu taketake, me te tātai i te ōrau (i te utu o neke atu i te 200 mano moni ka 10% iti iho i te 200 000 te rahi e hiahiatia ana - ka whakaara i te nui ake ki te 15%).

A, no te tātai i te utu i runga i te utu kore e ngā atu 10%, whakaurua i roto i 2015. Kei 30% o te katoa utu taketake me te ake. whakaaro tiaki o te hanga taputapu e i roto i te nui o te 5% o te utu taketake. Rahi ngā raruraru Ko 9% o te utu toharite. tau utu rauata tango i roto i te nui o 18% o te moni (25% o te utu taketake me te 75% atu).

Production utu tatau rite te moni o nga utu i runga, me te utu, tangohia i reira anake hoki te rahi ki te rokiroki o ururua.

whakaaro utu kore-production te i roto i te nui o 3% o te utu production. Tāpiri ki te utu o te utu whiwhi ko te utu o ngā ratonga. e kia oti te tātai tātaitanga ki te kore te reira whakaaro moni, tautuhia rite te ōrau o te utu katoa. Kua takai hoki te tātaitanga o te utu rarawe o hua o te kaiwhakanao, me takoto te te utu tonu o Takahanga i te ahua hua.

Ko te tātai o te utu o ngā ratonga waka

Ki he moni te tango painga o nga ratonga o te kamupene waka u ranei, kamupene-kaituku mahi Me ki te whai mōhiohio e pā ana ki te utu o tetahi haora o waka tikanga.

Tenei auau te mutunga whakatau te utu o ngā ratonga. e te tātai tātaitanga ki pūkete te paearu e whai ake nei:

• utu ikiiki ka whakanoho ai ki runga ki te whārangi toenga;
• tohatoha rahi i runga i te huarahi cushioning;
• te utu o whakaritea, me te mau hooraa hanga, tiaki me te mau ana i roto i te tātaritanga;
• te utu o ngā rauemi wahie, me te lubricating;
• utu taraiwa te taraiwa ranei i whakaaro ki nga tikanga o deductions;
• rauata rahi.

Tauira o te tātai i te uara kotahi mīhini-haora

Atu haora tātai utu waka me te tauira o te tātaitanga. tautuhi te utu utu o ngā ratonga kei te rite e whai ake nei:

• . Te utu tuatahi o te warou - 9.9 miriona mirimiri;.
• wā whakamahinga - 59 marama;
• te maha toharite o te mahi haora ia marama - 164;
• auau mana tiaki whakapaunga - 20%;
• wahie mo cars 1 haora - 13.9 l;
• auau tāke i runga i utu o te mahi - 145 moni ia haora;
• te utu o te 1 rita o te wahie, me lubricants - 35,0 te horoitanga i.;
• rauemi täkupu 100 - hinu 2.1L;
• utu hinu - 155,6 moni;.
• utu rauata - 90% o te moni utu.

Te tātai i te utu o te wahie, me lubricants ki aua paerewa, me utu, tāpiri te nui o utu mo reiti me ngā raruraru. wehea te moni hua e haora mahi ki te whakatau i te utu o haora waka.

tātaitanga āwhiwhiwhi o te mahi pati

Tātaihia te utu o ngā ratonga whakamana i roto i te pati mo te tauira, kotahi institution i roto i nei e whakanohoia 45 manuhiri. tatau te taenga whakaritea o kiritaki mo te tau i runga i te maha o 5600 iwi. utu Direct ngā utu o 825.200 moni, me te tahua i runga i te moni utu - 249 000, mo te katoa o 1.074.200.

Composition o utu toa pati

Hei whakatau i te nui o ngā utu atu mo te tango tari tiaki (i roto i te mano moni):

• wahie (hinu wahie) 1100;
• wai 17.5;
• hiko maumauria 119,4;
• utu o te parakaingaki e 15.2;
• utu rere whānui o 101,2;
• mehua tiaki mahi - 14.2.

Ko te tapeke ko te 1.367.500 moni.

Ko te taratara tenei tātaitanga o te utu o ngā ratonga. Tauira tātaitanga ki te haere tonu e tāpiri ake hāngai, me te toa utu, a huri i te reira i roto i te rere o moni mo tiaki o te pati i roto i te tau - 2.441.700 moni. Āhua Tātaitia te kaupapa taua utu o ngā ratonga Häkari, he tauira o e ngā o te taua tūemi o whakapaunga, pera hoki nga pati.

Ko te utu pirimia o ratonga o ngā pūtahi hauora

Ko te hangarau i runga i nei Tātaitia te utu o ngā ratonga hauora, i homai te tauira o te maimoatanga ohie i roto i te whare hauora tūroro kei te raro nei. Ki te mahi i tenei, te whakamahi i te ariā paerewa whakapumautia, ara: e mahi ana i te tukanga, te maha o nga kaimahi hauora, ratou tohu mātauranga, te utu pūtea o te rongoa e tika ana. whakaritea te utu utu o te mahi ohie i roto i te mara hauora e te tāpiri:

• utu kaimahi hauora whakaritea ki te tukanga kotahi;
• tiaki tāke i runga i taua nui;
• utu tika mo te whakarato o ngā ratonga (tarukino rārangi, tapo'io);
• uara whiwhi rererangi, e tatau e tikanga whakaaetia.

Hei te mahi i te tātaitanga o te utu o ngā ratonga hauora i runga i te tauira o te maimoatanga uaua, he mea e tika ana ki te mau i te tetahi tikanga. Ko te uara tāpiri tuatahi whiwhi e ngā tukanga ohie e he wahi o te maimoatanga matatini, me ia o ratou te tikanga he tātai motuhake.

tātai Whakamāramatanga o te huinga o te utu e rite te take oti o te maimoatanga. Hoki hōhipera pahoho i roto i tenei take i oti, ko te manawanui whakaorangia. whakaurunga tūroro me haumanu mahi ratonga rerekē (āta, maimoatanga, massages, he akoranga o werohanga, i tua me ētahi atu whakamātautau.).

I te tahi taime e hiahia ana koe ki te tātai i te utu o te whānuitanga katoa o ngā ratonga, e ngā he maha o ngā tukanga matatini, me te ohie. I roto i tenei take tango, ki pūkete ka tātai i te utu o ia mahi motuhake, a ka hua ratou tua.

Roto i te whakamutunga, kia mea ai e te tātaitanga o te utu o nga ratonga o tetahi pokapū hanga ranei kamupene ki te hi'opo'araa whakahauanga o ngaio kaute. I roto i te hononga ki te hua heke ranei i roto i te uara mākete o te rauemi, te huri i te raupapa o te tāke pūtea moni tikanga kia tango i te tātaitanga ki te pūkete te raraunga hōu ranei. Ko ki te whakarite kia kua i te kamupene kua taea ki āta tāutu i te moni o ta ratou mahi tenei, a ka kiritaki kiritaki ranei uara whaitake o ratonga hurihia ei taonga ranei hokona.