Kiriuhi - he aha te mea tenei? kiriuhi koiora: hanganga me te mahi

hanga Nature kua maha kaiao me ngā pūtau, engari i roto i te noa'tu o tenei, ko te taua tino o te hanganga me ngā mahi o kiriuhi koiora, e taea ana ki te whakaaro o ratou hanganga, me te ako o ratou āhuatanga matua, kahore tāpiritanga ki te momo ngā o te pūtau.

He aha te mea he membrane?

Kiriuhi - he āhuatanga tiaki, i te mea he āhuatanga tūturu o te pūtau o nga rauropi ora.

kōwae hanganga me te mahi o nga rauropi katoa e noho ana i runga i te ao ko te pūtau. mahi faufaa te veteki reira ki te taiao, me i whakawhitia reira pūngao me te mōhiohio, rauemi. Ko te kupu, ko te pūngao kai e hiahiatia ana mo te mahi o ngā pūtau, mai i waho, a kua pau i runga i te whakatinanatanga o ona mahi ngā.

Ko te hanganga o te hanganga o te kōwae māmā o te kaiao ora: ko te membrane karihi pūtau, organelles, he momo o inclusions. Kei te karapotia te reira e te membrane, kei nei i roto i te karihi me organelles katoa. Te reira i pungaraungao, lysosomes, ribosomes, Golgi taputapu, kiriuwhi. Ia huānga he ona ake membrane hanganga.

Tūnga i roto i te mahi pūtau

membrane koiora whai wāhi faateiteiraa i roto i te hanganga me te mahi o te pūnaha ora pūmotu. Kia te pūtau karapotia e te takotoranga paruru, totonu taea te huaina reira te tinana. he tukanga pērā i pākia, Kei te hoki kawea atu whakawhetai ki te membrane. Ki te pakaru te tapatahi hanganga o ona, arata'i tenei ki te huringa i roto i te āhua mahi o te kaiao rite te katoa.

Ko te membrane pūtau me ona mahi

wehe te reira i te cytoplasm o te pūtau i te taiao o waho ranei i te anga. membrane pūtau fakapapau'i mahi tika o ngā mahi motuhake, te pū o hoapā pūtau-pūtau me mau faaiteraa ārai tautoko transmembrane hiko rerekētanga pea. whai te reira i receptors taea o kite tohu matū - hormones, neurotransmitters me ētahi atu wāhanga kaha biologically. Ēnei receptors tapakuha reira ki tetahi atu kaha - te huri i te mahi pūkoro tinana o te pūtau.

membrane mahi:

1. Ko te waka kaha o matū.

2. whakawhiti Passive o matū:

2.1. Te tūringiringi ohie.

2.2. Whakawhiti i roto i nga kōputaputa.

2.3. kawea atu Transport i tūringiringi o te kawe tahi me te rauemi membrane i te tikanga o te tuku i runga i te kaihoko tānga mekameka rāpoi kaihoko whakawhiti ranei.

3. Ko te whakawhiti o-electrolytes kore i roto i tūringiringi ohie me ngä.

4. waka Active o katote.

Ko te hanganga o te membrane pūtau

Wae o te membrane pūtau - lipids me pūmua.

Lipids: phospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylinositol me phosphatidylserine, glycolipids. Ko te rahi o te lipid ko 40-90%.

Pūmua: piringa, integrated (glycoproteins), spectrin, cytoskeleton actin.

Ko te huānga hanganga matua - apa rua o ngā rāpoi ngota phospholipid.

Tuanui membrane: definition me typology

Ētahi tatauranga. I runga i te rohe o te Russian Federation rite te rauemi membrane tuanui whakamahia te kore pera roa i mua. mahara motuhake o te tuanui membrane o katoa papa tuanui ngohengohe he 1.5 anake%. Ētahi atu whānui i roto i Russia, a riro te mastic tuanui korotā. Otiia i roto i Europe Western, pūkete te wahi o tuanui membrane mō te 87%. Ko nga korero i te rerekētanga.

Tikanga, te membrane rite te rauemi tuatahi i roto i te tuanui o te tuanui he pai hoki tuanui flat. Hoki he pinakitanga nui tano te ki te whānuitanga iti.

Production me hoko o tuanui membrane i runga i te mākete kāinga i te au pai tupu. Te aha? neke atu i te mārama te take he:

• Ko te ora ratonga o e pā ana ki 60 tau. A feruri na anake te whakamahi o te wā pūtāhui, whakaturia nei e te kaiwhakanao, ki runga ki te 20 tau.
• tāutanga Easy. No te whakarite, te tāutanga o te uku tuanui e 1.5 wa roa atu i te tāutanga o te īnaki membrane.
• Whakatākupe o tiaki, me te mahi hanga.

kia tuanui membrane matotoru 0.8-2 mm me ko te taimaha o tetahi mita tapawha toharite 1.3 kg.

Āhuatanga hipokina kiriuhi:

• elasticity;
• kaha;
• ātete ki hihi UV, me te wahine taikaha atu pāpāho;
• huka;
• resistance ahi.

Ko te tuanui membrane o toru momo. Ko te āhuatanga whakarōpū matua - rauemi polymer puka whakatu te papanga turanga. Na, kiriuhi tuanui e:

• EPDM. Kiriuhi no ki te rōpū o EPDM, hanga i runga i te pūtake o polymerized ethylene-propylene-diene-waetahi, ranei ake noa, rapa waihanga. Painga: kaha nui, elasticity, ātete wai, fakakaume'a taiao, utu iti. Huakore: piripiri hangarau pūhui whare pungawerewere e whakamahi o te whitiki motuhake, te kaha iti o te pūhui. Whānuitanga: Kei te whakamahia rite te rauemi wuru mo patunga kauhanga, puna wai, rokiroki o ururua, Faarii tūturu me horihori wai, etc ...
• Pvc membrane. Tenei anga, te hanga o nei rite whakamahia he rauemi turanga te polyvinyl pūhaumāota. Painga: UV resistance, ahi resistance, ngā tae ngā o te kakahu membrane. Huakore: taumata iti o te ātete ki ngā rauemi korotā, hinu, whakarewa; E faatae mai matū kino; ngohe tae rau ki te wā.
• TPO. Hanga i te olefin rewarau. Ka taea te whakapakaritia reira me unreinforced. Ko te tuatahi rawa ki te mata o te pareaku kaka papanga ranei. Painga: taiao, roa, elasticity tiketike, ātete wera (i rua pāmahana teitei, me te iti), whare pungawerewere mekameka kaimono. Huakore: utu nui kāwai, te kore o ngā kaiwhakanao i roto i te mākete kāinga.

ngā momo te membrane te: āhuatanga, ngā āhuatanga me painga

membrane āhua - he he auaha i roto i te mākete hanga. whakahaeretia he membrane te hunga i te rauemi wuru.

Ko te rawa e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga - polyethylene. He whakamutunga o e rua ngā momo: teitei-kiato polyethylene (LDPE) me polyethylene kiato teitei (HDPE).

āhuatanga Hangarau o te membrane o LDPE me HDPE

tohu	Jha	HDPE
Kurut kaha (MPa)	13	23
elongation kurut (%)	400	100
Kiato (kg / cu. M)	917-930	948-952
Shock kaha (MPa)	12	20-36
kaha Pānga (kāniwha) (kJ / sq. M)	-	2-50
Flexural Modulus (MPa)	140-250	600-850
Pakeke (MPa)	14-25	45-59
pāmahana whakahaere (? C)	-60 ki +80	-60 ki +80
auau Daily o te absorption wai (%)	0.01	0.01

Ko te HWM āhua o te polyethylene pēhanga tiketike he mata motuhake - pimples tuwhera. Ko te tiketike o enei hanganga kia rerekē i 7 ki te 20 mm. He flat te mata i roto o te membrane. Tenei ka taea raruraru-free tauhia o rauemi whare.

Te huri i te āhua o te wahi takitahi o te membrane he taea no te mea kei te whakanoho tuwha te pēhanga ki runga i tona rohe katoa e tika ana ki te aroaro o te taua haurangi. Ka taea te whakamahi Geomembrane rite ventilation wehe. I roto i tenei take whakaratohia ki te utu noa o te wera i roto i te whare.

Painga o kiriuhi ngā momo:

• nui haere te kaha;
• pūmautanga ngāwhā;
• pūmautanga matū me ngā pānga koiora;
• ora roa (50 tau);
• Easy ki te tāuta me te mau tonu;
• utu whaitake.

E o toru momo kiriuhi āhua:

• ki te kahu kotahi o te kakahu;
• rua-whenu membrane tukutuku = + pana wai geotextile;
• ki te toru-apa tukutuku mata pahekeheke = + + pana wai geotextile membrane.

whakamahia Monolayer membrane āhua te ki te tiaki i te tuatahi parewai, huihui, me te disassembly o te whakarite taiepa raima ki te houku. He taputapu paruru e rua-apa whakamahia i te wa o te waikeri tata-taiepa. Arā, o te toru paparanga tono i runga i te whenua, i te mea Nireaha ki te huka hapahapai, te oneone, me te manawa whenua, kei hohonu.

Ngā wāhanga o te whakamahi o kiriuhi pana wai

kitea e membrane ngā momo tona tono i roto i te wāhi e whai ake nei:

1. Ko te wuru whawhe matua. E whakarato ana te tiaki pono ki te pānga kino o te manawa whenua, ngā pūnaha whakato pakiaka, subsidence, kino o momo aunoa.
2. Wall turanga pana i te wai. Neutralizes te pānga o te manawa whenua, rerenga mā te kawe ia ratou ki te pūnaha waikeri.
3. momo pana wai awa Whakapae - tiaki ki deformation tika ki hanganga āhuatanga.
4. Analog faaineine i raima. Whakahaeretia i roto i te take o te hanga mahi i runga i whakatu whare i roto i te rohe o te manawa whenua iti, i roto i aua wā i reira ki te wuru whakapae tiaki ki te houku capillary. mahi membrane ngā momo hoki ngā nontransmission sima grout ki te whenua.
5. papa pakitara ventilation o haumākū nui. Ka taea te tāuta te reira i rua i runga i te roto me te i runga i te waho o te whare. I roto i te take tuatahi, kua whakahohe rangi tohanga, i te tuarua whakarato haumākū tino arotau, me te pāmahana.
6. tuanui koaro whakamahia.

Superdiffuzionnaya membrane

Superdiffuzionnaya rauemi membrane ko te whakatupuranga hou, tona whakaaro matua - te tiaki o ngā āhuatanga o te hanganga tuanui o te tītohu hau, te ua, korohū.

hāngai Hanga o te rauemi paruru te i runga i te whakamahi o ngā rauemi kore-whatu, mātotoru weu kounga teitei. I roto i te mākete motu rongonui toru-apa, me-apa wha membrane. ngaio Reviews me kiritaki whakaū e te atu papa ko te pūtake o te hoahoa, te nui tona mahi tiaki, a ko te kupu i te teitei te tōtika pūngao o te whare kia rite ki te katoa.

Tei runga i te momo o te tuanui, ona āhuatanga hoahoa, āhuarangi, tūtohu kaiwhakanao ki te hoatu hiahia ki tetahi ahua tetahi ranei o kiriuhi tūringiringi. Ko te kupu, te tīariari ratou hoki tuanui noho o waihanga matatini, me te ohie no te tuanui noho pato ki te ine mahora iti, ki te tuanui cover rebated me pera i runga i. D.

Superdiffuzionnaya membrane whakatakotoria tika i runga i te kahu tuuraa o papa nga kuaha. āputa ventilation hiahiatia reira. piri Material te taiapa rino ranei whao. Kua piri ana te taha o te pepa tūringiringi ekeeke rīpene. Tāutanga Me kawea te mahi i roto i ara i raro i ngā āhuatanga tino: i roto i te ata hukapapa, ki te patapata mai kaha o te hau, etc ...

I tua atu, ka taea te whakamahi i te paninga kaupapa rite te hipoki tuanui rangitahi.

Pvc membrane: te āhua me te whakaaro

kiriuhi TFC - he rauemi mo te tuanui, i hanga o polyvinyl pūhaumāota me te he āhuatanga rapa. tino whakakapi tēnei rauemi tuanui hou analogs takai uku he drawback nui - te hiahia mō te tiaki auau, me te hanga. Ki te rā, te āhuatanga o kiriuhi pvc tukua ratou whakamahi i roto i te mahi hanga i runga i nga tuanui tawhito o te momo flat. E whakamahia ratou me te tāutanga o tuanui hou.

He ngāwari ki te whakahaere i te tuanui o taua rauemi, me he taea tona tāutanga i runga i ngā momo katoa o papa, i roto i nga wa katoa, me te i roto i ngā āhuatanga huarere katoa. He nga āhuatanga e whai ake nei pvc membrane:

• kaha;
• pūmautanga ka whai wāhi ki hihi UV, ngā momo o te rerenga, me wāhi mata uta.

Ko reira e pono mahi koe te whakawhetai ki te āhuatanga ahurei o pvc membrane mō tau maha. whakamahi wā o te tuanui taua he rite ki te ora o te whare, i te rauemi pukapuka tuanui rapu tiaki auau, me te, i roto i ētahi wā i te katoa i roto i te tuuraki me tāuta o patunga hou.

He kiriuhi i waenganui i nga whare pungawerewere e pvc e hono e kakano ia mapu wera, ko te pāmahana i roto i te whānuitanga o 400-600 degrees. Ko te tino piri tenei hononga.

Painga o kiriuhi pvc

Ko te tura o ratou kitea:

• pūnaha tuanui ngāwari e hāngai pai ki te kaupapa hanga;
• roa, āhuatanga leakproof he tui tūhono i waenganui i nga takai membrane;
• Perfect huringa mateā āhuarangi, ngā āhuatanga huarere, te pāmahana, haumākū;
• nui haere kohu wai uruhanga e whakahaere te whakaetonga o makuku putu i roto i te wāhi tuanui;
• maha rerekē o ngā tae;
• ahi āhuatanga ātete;
• te kaha ki te mau tonu o ngā āhuatanga tuatahi, me te ahua he wā roa;
• Pvc membrane - rauemi tino te kinokore, whakapumautia nei e te tiwhikete hāngai;
• He mīhini tukanga tāuta, na e kore e tango i te rota o te wā;
• Whakahaere ture tukua te tāutanga o ngā tāpiritanga hoahoanga tika i runga i te tihi o te membrane pvc tuanui;
• kotahi-apa tāpae whakaora i to koutou moni;
• noho o te tiaki me te hanga.

kiko membrane

Kua roa i mohiotia papanga membrane kahuta. O te rauemi hu i hanga, me te kakahu: pakeke me ngā tamariki. Ko te membrane - te papanga tautoko membrane whakaratohia i roto i te puka o te kiriata angiangi polymeric, me te he āhuatanga pērā i ātete wai me te kohu uruhanga. Hoki te hanga o tenei rauemi pani te kiriata e ki te papa tiaki waho, me te roto. Ratou hanganga whakatau te membrane iho. meatia tenei i roto i te tikanga ki te tiaki i te āhuatanga hua katoa ara i roto i te take o te kino. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, te membrane he kakahu parewai ka whai wāhi ki te rerenga i roto i te puka o te ua te hukarere ranei, engari i te wa taua maitai haere kohu i te tinana ki te taiao o waho. Tenei hōkaiipurangi taea te kiri ki te manawa.

Ma te whakaaro ki nga mea katoa o runga ake nei, ka taea te whakatau ko te hanga o taua papanga hei hanga i nga kakahu hotoke tino pai. Ko te membrane e waihanga ana i te kaupapa o te kikokiko:

• Ki te pores;
• Te kore pores;
• Kua honohia.

I roto i te hanganga o nga mema e nui ana te muru, kua tohua a Teflon. Ko nga waahanga o taua pores e kore e tae ki nga ahua o te maturuturu o te wai, engari he nui atu i te karapoi ngota, e tohu ana i te aukati wai me te kaha ki te wera i te wera.

Ko nga Membranes e kore e whai pores e hangaia ana he polyurethane. Ko ta ratou paparanga kei roto i roto i nga waahanga o te tinana o te tangata ka panaia e ia.

Ko te hanganga o te membrane whakakotahi e whakaatu ana i te aroaro o nga papa e rua: he pore me te maeneene. He momo kounga teitei o tenei papanga, a ka mutu mo nga tau maha.

He mihi ki enei painga, ko nga kakahu me nga hu i hangaia mai i nga waahanga o te membrane me te hoahoa mo te kakahu i te wa o te hotoke he roa, engari he maamaa me te tiaki pai i te huka, te makuku me te puehu. He kore noa iho mo te maha o nga momo mahi hikareti mo te hotoke, te whakatairanga.