Ko te āhuatanga matua o te pūtukatuka rorohiko

Kei te mohiotia te wā "pūrere rorohiko" i teie nei ki nga kura. E kore te mea poitirere tenei, no te mea e taea e kitea ara haora āhuatanga o ngā pūnaha rorohiko. Ko te kaha ki te mahi i tātai pāngarau whakaratohia e te maramara motuhake ki te nui rawa o te tuitui o transistors - pūtukatuka. āhuatanga Main o te microprocessor (PTM), i roto i ngā, whakatau i te tere o ona ngā mahi. Ko te aha e mea faufaa rangatira o rorohiko whaiaro ki te matau i tēnei take.

I teie mahana, titiro tatou ki te mea ko nga āhuatanga matua o te pūtukatuka ka hoatu tūtohutanga ki te tīpako i te tauira tino pai o ratou ake. Ko te wā "raraunga" ngā e rua ngā āhuatanga ā-me te whakatinanatanga mārohirohi waho. Ko te āhuatanga matua o te pūtukatuka - ko, runga ake katoa, tona kaha; te maha o ngā huānga wāhanga; tere o te mahi, me te pera atu.

Ko te wā "moka" e pā ana ki te nui o te kōrero e taea te tukatuka ia huringa (kotahi mahi). i huaina mati ā-rua ko te moka. kia 8 paraire ake kotahi paita. Modern PTM kia hapai i i 32 ki te 64 paraire. taea hoki te āhuatanga momo motuhake o pūtukatuka e tetahi atu mati (4, 128 et al.). Na hangarau rorohiko Kei te piki whakamahia moka-64 rorohiko.

Te kōwhiri i te PTM, kia tango tonu koe ki te pūkete te matua āhuatanga o te pūtukatuka. mohio Tetahi rangatira rorohiko e te nuinga o takoto te mahi o te pūnaha katoa e te tere karaka o te microprocessor. I roto i te mākete taea kitea e koe tauira ōrite e rere ana i tetahi i tetahi anake i te auau o te mahi. Ko te auau karaka autaki tohu te maha o ngā mahi pūmotu whakamana e te IC ia waeine wā (te nuinga hēkona). Tīpakohia te karaka ritenga, kei te ka tukatuka e iahiko hiko (whakanuia). Mai e korero tatou e pā ana ki te auau, ko reira kitea ai te whanganga i tenei tawhā te i roto i te mekahera (MHz) me kikahera (GH). Ko te kupu, i ētahi atu tikanga he rite, he tauira ki te auautanga o te 3 GHz he tere atu i 2.5 GHz.

e kore e āhuatanga Main o te pūtukatuka pau hohonu moka, me te auau. A, no te kōwhiri i te PTM he e tika ana ki te whakarongo ki te maha o otaota mai. puta ngā tata te ariā o "maha-matua", tika i roto i te mua o tetahi whakatupuranga o ngā kaiwhakamahi. Mai te mea te reira i te pae tino e taea ake ki te whakapiki ake i te tere karaka o ia tauira hou, kua whakaritea e ngā kaiwhakanao ki te hanumi ki te mōkihi kotahi pūtukatuka ōrite maha. Na reira i maha-matua PTM. I muri i tenei, he ara motuhake ki te arotau i te hōtaka timata, na inaianei hanga reira tikanga ki te hoko tauira maha-matua anake. I roto i te meka, te whakamahi i kua ara maha waea pūkoro pūtukatuka rua-matua.

I te mahi whakamutunga ki te whānuitanga nui awe e te rahi o te keteroki. Rerekē kōwae mahara tikanga, transistors keteroki tika whakanohoia i roto i te whare taua rite te karihi. Tenei ka taea utu raraunga nui-tere. E toru ngā taumata o te keteroki: L1, L2 ko L3 (whakarārangitia i roto i te tikanga o te whakanui ake i te rahi). Kei te whakapono te reira e te hua o ia o ratou e 20% arata'i ki te hua i roto i te tere e 50% .Naprimer, ki te mua i roto i te L2 256KB whakaaro whakamīharo, inaianei ka kia miharo tangata maha-mekapaita taumata-rua o keteroki. Te kōwhiri i te PTM, kia pai ai ki te tauira ki te nui nui o te mahara keteroki. Kia mōhio e kore te L3 whakamahia i runga i ngā tauira katoa (i te whakaū i te tere tiketike o tātaitanga).

Ko te āhuatanga i muri - he āhuatanga o te hoahoanga. Whakaritea e te kaiwhakawhanake, i roto i te whakatakotoranga tuku ki rite te ingoa waehere mo te aho - Liano, Sandy Bridge, etc. Hei tauira, ia whakatupuranga hou o pūtukatuka o te kaiwhakanao taua he tere teitei (ceteris paribus) ..