Ko wai te mea Norbert Wiener? Ko wai ko te "papa o cybernetics"?

I reira, te kupu "Ipurangi" ranei "rorohiko" he kahore ohorere. Heoi, ko te putanga o mihini mahara, e-'oi'oi nui kia kitea he tauira nui pāngarau, haere mai ki te whakapā ki tetahi wāhi i runga i te ao ranei, he pā ana tata ki te pūtaiao o cybernetics. A mo te tangata e matau ana te tangata, "Norbert Wiener", "cybernetics" - e rua kupu kōtuitui o enei. Ko te aha te tika i huaina hapori tangata te "papa" o tenei pūtaiao.

tāhuhu tangata

ka mea "Ko wai te mea Norbert Wiener", te feaa-ore, e ia - te tauira tino Tūrongo o te prodigy tamaiti: He maha mataotao-ngā kaituhi i runga i te pātai. I whanau i te papa i mua nei o cybernetics i roto i te Hau Amui no Marite i roto i te pa o Columbia, e i roto i te āhua o Missouri, i te 1894. Ko tona papa he tangata whenua o te Russian Empire (te rohe Grodno). i te rawa mātauranga ia me te pai-tai'o. Ua haapii ia i Harvard University tuhinga me te hītori o te reo Slavic. A iti i muri mai, i whakatairangatia ana ia ki matenga o te tari.

Mai kōhungahunga, i te whakarite papa o te tamaiti mō te pūtaiao mahi. Pea, i te tau o nga tau e toru, kua tīmata kē ia tona mahi pūtaiao Norbert Wiener. haurongo Poto i roto i te nuinga o ngā tānga haamata ki tenei tau. Ahakoa i taea e ki te pānui i, tuhituhi te tamaiti, me te ara i āwhina tona papa ki te iriti i mahi o ln Tolstoy. I te tau o waru, i taea ki te pānui i te mahi o Dante me mahi a Darwin kē ia. Tona pukapuka tuatahi tuhituhi ia i roto i te tau, ina e ako ētahi atu tona tau te tohu o rakau me matau anake.

Ehara i tino te haere akomanga i roto i te kura nui auau (etahi puna titau i tukunoa'i ia ia i te katoa), haere te tamaiti ki te kāreti whaimana, e mutu ki hōnore mua o te hōtaka. I waru, ka awhina ia ia tona tuhinga i Harvard, a muri ka rave rahi tau te ahorangi i te maha whare wānanga.

I roto i tona haukiri, te pātai: "? Ko wai te mea Norbert Wiener" te pūtaiao ta ia mathematician. Kua i te wawe tau ko reira pai ki te hoatu i te pūtaiao pāngarau, ahakoa ko reira ano hoki te āhuatanga fakaetangatá i roto i te mātauranga e kore e wareware.

mahi

whakaaro tokomaha iwi e te kaiputaiao - tonu ahorangi ata ki mōhiti a taka e noho ana i roto i tona tari me kaimahi o etahi kaupapa. Ko wai te mea Norbert Wiener, ko wai ko ia? Ko tenei tangata rawa rerekē i te "paerewa" o te pūtaiao me te rūnanga. I roto i toku ora, kua mahi poto-atarua, me te kaiputaiao hauwarea iti i runga i te pae hanga, a roto i te wheketere kaha, a i roto i te niupepa. Tino nui rite i roto i te ope, engari i peia i reira no te mea o raruraru kite.

Te nuinga o tona ora i oti rawa ia ki te mātauranga rite ratou ake, me ētahi atu. mahi ia i te wa ano i roto i neke atu i te kotahi tekau whare wānanga i roto i ngā tari. Haapii te pāngarau, arorau, pūtaiao, tuhinga, me te tikanga ā iwi. I te wa ano tūhura ratou ake reo, rangatira ara Chinese, me te Japanese.

theoretician

Ko wai te mea Norbert Wiener: iwi kaimahi mataotao-theorist ranei? karangatia e ia ia pai te theoretician ki te whakaaro ake, me te ki te hanga ariā pūtaiao, whakamatautau ratou meka. Fakataha ki te pūtaiao American Claude Shannon, whakawhanake ia hou ariā pūtaiao rorohiko.

He pono katoa maheni ki te "bit" wā. haere mai Na tenei tangata kotahi, me te e ahau ki runga ki taua mea, kia hanga i te reira māmā ki te whakaahua i te waehere mamati. He rota o te mahi o pūtaiao whakatapua ki te pūtaiao rorohiko, ariā tūponotanga me whatunga hiko.

cybernetics

Otiia i matau kahore he haputanga o hanganga o te rorohiko e ki te ao katoa e te tangata. He aha mohiotia te Norbert Viner, te reira te meka i whakaaro ia he taua mea rite cybernetics. Ko ia te tangata e tīmata ana ki te whakawhanake i te pūtaiao, e mau marôraa tukua te hanganga o te mātauranga horihori. Scientist māngai cybernetics rite ha faingamālie ki taui i te pūkenga o te kararehe, te hanga i tētahi "hōtaka whakangungu" mo te hangarau.

Wiener ia tapa te kupu, tipee i te reira i te mau papa'iraa o ngā pūkenga Kariki onamata. I aua ra auraa reira "mana o te kaipuke", engari puta cybernetics Wiener ki "mana mīhini atamai." whakaritea e ia he tangata ki te mīhini, me te tikanga clockwork e recycles pūngao.

Pukapuka i huaina "Cybernetics" tukua i roto i te 1948 i roto i Amerika. I taua wa, kua tahuri pūtaiao e rima tekau-wha tau. Heoi, mahi, rite tokomaha mea, he mārama ki te katoa. Hei pānui i tenei pukapuka, me te matau he aha te reira ta, me whai koe i te mohio hohonu makona i te mara o te pāngarau, kaupapa, engineering me neurophysiology.

Te tangata "i roto ia"

He pono i taea e tetahi kaiwhakaari e ka takaro i te tūranga o te pūtaiao tākare me te faaieie tono e te ahua o Wiener. He nerd angamaheni ki mōhiti me te goatee, rorirori, me te hauwarea, ngaro-whakaaro i roto i te pā ana ki ētahi atu, me te tino whenumi i roto i to ratou ao roto me ariā.

haamana'o a kanohi e maha Wiener rumakina i roto i tona whakaaro ake, ara wareware te wahi i haere ai ia, a he aha hinaaro ia ki te mahi i. Kia, ka haukotia ki a ia i roto i te Faa, ka korero te ākonga ki te kaiako, me ka i tangohia meatanga na tona pātai: "E mahara koe i haere te wahi ahau:. I te whare kai ranei i roto i te reira"