Konumohe, me ona alloys: katoa o tenei whakarewa

Ki te rā, ka kitea te tono mahi tata konganuku katoa mohiotia tangata me o ratou alloys. He ona ake āhuatanga motuhake, e whakatau i te whānuitanga o ratou whakamahinga i roto i ngā ahumahi i ia o ratou. Ko te momo whakamahia tino whānui o te rino, me te pūhui e hāngai ana ki runga ki taua mea, me te konumohe, me ona alloys. Tenei e taea te faataa, te tuatahi o te katoa, rahui nui tūturu, me te matū pai, tinana, me ngā āhuatanga aunoa.

He hītori iti

E ai ki te kōrero tawhito, whakaahuatia i roto i tona pukapuka "Natural History" e Pliny te Elder Kaiu, tito o e pā ana ki 77 AD, kotahi ki te Hiha o Roma Taipiria whakatata ariki tauhou ka meinga ia he mea homai noa o te peihana o hiriwa me te whakarewa marama rawa. A, no te ui Taipiria a ia he aha i hanga te reira i te reira, ka mea ia i hanga e ia o paru. Miharo, ka mea te kingi ki te whakamate i te tangata harakore, ka whakangaro i te kaimahi tana awheawhe ki te tenenga kihai i arahi ki te hekenga o konganuku taonga Roma. Ko te aroha e i taua wa kihai i ia taea ki te aromatawai i te opuaraa mo te whakatuwheratanga o te katoa, no te mea i hanga te konumohe, me ona alloys i roto i te heke mai pakaruhanga downright tūturu.

Aha konumohe, me te he na rongonui ona alloys?

Te ihirangi konumohe i roto i te kirinuku, ko te āhua 8.8%, a na reira arata'i te reira i te rārangi o nga konganuku tino noa. I roto i ona painga ngā kiato iti (2.7 g / cm3), te waikura resistance pai, processability, kawe ia hiko, me te ngāwhā pai, āhuatanga kaha āhua tiketike. Kei te whānui konumohe, me ona alloys whakamahia i roto i te rererangi, te pahi, tereina transportation, automotive, hanga, matū me te hinu ahumahi , me ētahi atu alloys konumohe āhuatanga e te ukanga, te kōngohe, tere tukatuka tiketike. ha faingamālie pai ki te whakamahi i ratou i roto i tata ahua o te hanga i tetahi whakarato tenei katoa.

alloys hāngai konumohe-Basic

Te whakakotahi konumohe ki tāpiritanga alloying, taea te whakatutuki nui te kaha, me te whakapai ake i ētahi atu āhuatanga o te whakarewa. Ka rite ki tāpiritanga maha whakamahia silicon, parahi, konupora, konutea me te konupora. A feruri i te alloys taketake.

Duralumin (duralumin, ranei duralumin tika)

ahu mai te ingoa o tenei pūhui te i te kupu Düren - e ko te ingoa o te pa Tiamana, i roto i 1911. timata matou whakaputa i te koranu i runga i te tauine ahumahi. Rite tona tua ki parahi, konumohe (2.2 - 5.2%), konupora (0.2 - 2.7%) me te konupora (0.2 - 0.1%). I muri i te maimoatanga wera, riro te whakarewa rawa kaha (tae pateko kaha 450-500 MPa). I roto i te tikanga ki te whakarei ake waikura ātete, he reira maha konumohe ropia. Whakamahia rite te rauemi hanganga i roto i te waka, me te engineering aeronautical.

magnaly

He ngā alloys konumohe ki te konupora me te ētahi atu huānga (Mg ihirangi - 1-13%) enei. E āhuatanga ratou i te ukanga tiketike, weldability pai, me te waikura resistance. Whakamahia hoki te hanga o ahuahu castings, waea, pepa, rivets etc.

silumin

rite tēnei pūhui e whakakotahi konumohe ki silicon (ihirangi silicon - 4-13%). I te tahi taime te tapiritia reira, a te tahi atu tāpiritanga: Kia, Ti, Zn, Mg, Mn, Cu. whakamahia ana tēnei koranu te ki te whakaputa i ngā wāhanga o ngā hanganga matatini, te nuinga i roto i te Aerospace me engineering automotive.

Ka roa e mahi Aluminium me ona alloys mo te painga o te taata nei. Tohu o tenei tenenga hou - pahuka konumohe, ranei kia rite ki te huaina ai, "pahuka i whakarewa". He maha ngā tohunga whakapono e whai i te konumohe maiengi opuaraa pai.