Life me mahi o Ostrovsky. Nga kaupae me ngā āhuatanga o te auahatanga Ostrovsky

Aleksandr Nikolaevich Ostrovsky - te kaituhi Russian rongonui me te kaituhi, i te mana nui i runga i te whanaketanga o te whare tapere motu. i hanga e ia he kēmu kiko kura hou ka tuhituhi maha mahi faahiahia. Ka ngā tenei tuhinga i te takahanga matua o te auaha Ostrovsky. Na nga taime tino nui o tona mahi.

tamarikitanga

Aleksandr Nikolaevich Ostrovsky, he whakaahua o e e te aroaro i roto i tenei tuhinga, i whanau i roto i te 1823, March 31, i roto i Moscow, i roto i te rohe o Mareia Ordynka. Tona papa - Nikolai Fedorovich - tupu ake i roto i te tohunga te utuafare, puta ia i te Moscow Theological Academy ano, Heoi, kihai i mahi ki roto i te hahi. riro ia te roia marae, whai wāhi i roto i ngā take arumoni, me te ture. whakahaere Nikolai Fedorovich whakatika ki te paetukutuku o te kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro pekanga, a muri mai (i roto i te 1839) ki te tiki i te rangatira. Mama kaitito heke mai - Savvina Lyubov Ivanovna - ko te tamahine o te Sexton. mate ia, no te tika, e whitu nga tau o Alexander. Ko te hapu o te ono tamariki e tipu ake Ostrowski. i Nikolai Fedorovich katoa e tupu ake tamariki i roto i te te pai, me te mātauranga tika. He tau torutoru i muri i Lyubov mate marenatia ano ia. ka anga tana wahine ki a Emilia Andreevna papamuri Ticino, Baroness, tamahine o te rangatira nui Swedish. He tino waimarie ki toku kōkā tamariki: i taea e ki te kitea he huarahi ki a ratou ia, ka tonu ki te whai wāhi i roto i to ratou mātauranga.

tamarikitanga

pau Aleksandr Nikolaevich Ostrovsky tona tamarikitanga i roto i te ngakau o Zamoskvorechye. Ko tona papa he whare pukapuka tino pai, whakawhetai ki nei tamaiti te mohio wawe ki te tuhinga o kaituhi Russian ka ua te taumaha mo tuhituhi. Heoi, ka kite te papa te tamaiti he rōia anake. Na reira, i roto i te 1835, i tonoa Alexander ki te kura Tuatahi Moscow, i muri ako e ko e ia he ākonga i University Moscow. Heoi, ki te whiwhi kore i te tohu ture i Ostrovsky i manuïa. ka ngangau ia ki te kaiako, ka mahue te whare wānanga. I runga i te tohutohu o te papa o Alexander haere ki te mahi i roto i te papa'i parau marae, a mahi i roto i tenei tūranga mō te maha o nga tau.

whakamātautau pene

Otiia kihai i Alexander waiho whakamātau ki te whakamatautau ia ia i roto i te mara tuhituhi. I roto i ana whakaari tuatahi pupuri ia accusatory, "morare, me te pāpori" aronga. Ko te tuatahi mahi o Ostrovsky i whakaputaina i roto i te putanga hou, "Moscow City Gazette", i roto i te tau 1847. Enei ko nga huahua mo te pukuhohe "Kua hipa te nama" me te tuhinga roa "Notes Zamoskvoreche noho." I raro i te tānga tikanga "te reta A. E "a" D. G. "Ko te take i whakaekea he tetahi Dmitry Gorev te kuao kaitito mahi. E kore kua oho te reira i runga i te tuhi i tetahi o nga scenes, engari i muri mai ka hoki Ostrovsky puna o te raruraru nui. ka whakawakia ētahi filí o tinihanga kaitito. I roto i te heke mai, i te pene o Alexander II ka tukua he rota o whakaari nui, me te tangata maia ki te ruarua tona taranata. Ka kia whakaahuatia muri i roto i te taipitopito te ora me te mahi o Ostrovsky. Ko te ripanga i raro ka systematize te mōhiohio.

Ko te angitu tuatahi

A, no te i tupu tenei? auahatanga rongonui te nuinga riro Ostrovsky i muri i te whakaputanga i te 1850 pukuhohe "tana iwi - kua taua!". meinga tenei mahi he arotake pai i roto i te tuhituhi o. hoatu Ivan Goncharov me tākaro N. V. Gogol o te aromatawai pai. Heoi, i roto i tenei oko o te honi, ka ka te rere faahiahia i roto i te hinu. Mana kaihokohoko Moscow, inoino o te piha haapiiraa amuamu ki mana teitei i runga i te dramatist maia. I rāhuitia tonu te tākaro i roto i te waihanga, i peia te kaituhi i te tari, me te whakanohoia i raro i tirotiro pirihimana tino. A tupu ai i runga i te tikanga whaiaro o te emepera Nicholas te Tuatahi. i whakakorea mātakitaki anake i muri kake te torona, Hiha Alexander II. kite te minenga pukuhohe whakaari anake i roto i te 1861, i muri i te toronga o te kanga ki runga ki tona waihanga.

wawe whakaari

Wawe Works i mahue i A. N. Ostrovskogo tautahi, i whakaputaina te nuinga mahi i roto i "Moskvityanin" makasini. Kaitito mātātoa mahi tahi ki tenei putanga, me te rite te fakaanga me te ētita i roto i 1850-1851 tau. I raro i te mana o "taitamariki ētita kaimahi" makasini me te ideologist matua o tenei porowhita, AA Grigoriev, tuhituhi Alexander te tākaro "Poverty he kahore hara," "noho i roto i to koutou ake reti", "kore e ora rite e hiahia ana koe ki te". Kaupapa o te auaha Ostrovsky i roto i tenei wā - te idealization o patereareha ritenga tawhito Russian me ngā tikanga. E paku ēnei whakaaro ngū pathos accusatory o te kaituhituhi. Heoi, i roto i nga mahi o tenei huringa kua nui haere nga pūkenga whakaari o Alexander Nikolayevich. Kua riro ana whakaari rongonui, me te rongonui.

Mahi tahi ki te "Contemporary"

Tīmata i 1853, he wā o toru tekau nga tau, Alexander Nikolayevich nui ia wa whakaaturia i te Maly (i roto i Moscow) me te Alexandrinsky (i roto i te St Petersburg) whare. Mai 1856, kua hipokina wā mahi a Ostrovsky i te buka aamu "Contemporary" (tā mahi). I roto i te nekehanga pāpori i roto i te whenua (i mua i te whakakāhoretanga o te serfdom i 1861), ka kotahi ano mahi a te kaituhi mata accusatory. I roto i te tākaro "I roto i te waina hakari ke" kua hanga te kaituhi i te whakapakoko faahiahia Bruskova Taituha Titych, i sinó te kaha taratara, me te pouri o te despotism kāinga. Here mo te wa tuatahi whakatangi te kupu "nanakia", whakatika muri hoki te taiwhanga katoa o pūāhua Ostrovsky. I roto i te pukuhohe ka "He pai Post" te täkupu whakahi rangatira prodazhnichestvo. Drama "ko te whatupango" ko he porotēhi ora ki te tutu ki te tangata. Ka whakaahuatia te reira i raro me te tahi atu sitepu Ostrowski toi. Ko te whakatutukitanga runga o tenei wā o tona mahi tuhituhi ko te pāpori-hinengaro whakaari "Rautupu".

"Ko e Storm"

I roto i tenei tākaro, pania "BYTOVIK" Ostrovsky huru puhoi o te pa porowini ki tona tinihanga, te faito, te mana unquestioned "matua" me te taonga. Ko te rerekē i waenganui i te ao tia ore o te iwi Alexander tohu te pikitia whakaongaonga o te āhua Täingäwai. Ko te whakapakoko o Catherine titaria ataahua fakamamahi, me te āhuareka ngali. tohu Rautupu te whakama wairua o te wahine pūrotu, ko i te wa taua tohu te pikaunga o te wehi, i raro i nei ora te tangata noa tūturu. Ko te rangatiratanga o te ngohengohe matapo ki te vavahi i na Ostrovsky, e rua ope: tikanga noa, e te poro nei i roto i te tākaro Kuligin me wairua parakore Katerina. I roto i ia "Ray o te marama i roto i te pouri" te tikanga Dob fakaanga te whakapakoko o te huru matua rite te tohu o hohonu tautohe, āta höu i te whenua.

Na roto i tenei tākaro omaki ki te auahatanga teitei roaahia'tu Ostrovsky. i "te Storm" Alexander Nikolayevich te kaitito Russian tino rongonui, me te wehi i.

take hītori

I roto i te hawhe tuarua o nga 1860, ka timata Alexander ki ako i te hītori o te Time o aue. ka anga ia ki te tuhi ki te tumu kōrero pai-mohiotia me ngā pāpori Nikolai Ivanovich Kostomarov. I runga anō i te ako o ngā mātāpuna o te kaitito tino i hanga reira e te raupapa o mahi hītori: "Dmitry te taata faahua ko Vasily Shumsky," "Kozma Minin Zaharich-Sukhoruk", "Tushino". whakaaturia ana raruraru o hītori Russian i Ostrowski i totoa me lelei.

atu whakaari

I mateaki ki tona kaupapa tino tonu Alexander. I roto i te tau 1860 i tuhituhi e ia he maha o "ia rā" ngaahi tulama me whakaari. I roto ia ratou: "Taumaha Days", "torere", "Jokers". Ēnei mahi noaa kua kitea tumu kaituhi. Mai te mutunga te mahi 1860 te faaruru Ostrovskogo te wā o te whanaketanga kaha. I roto i tona whakaari puta whakapakoko, me ngā kaupapa o te "hou" puta i te whakahou o Russia: kaihoko, hoko, heke peke moni fakapēteliaké, me "Europeanized" kaihokohoko. hanga Alexander he raupapa ngingila o comedies Sapphire, e ti'avaru te tokonga o tangata pou-whakahou, "Easy Money," "Hot Heart", "te wuruhi me hipi", "Forest". Morare kaitito pai he wairua parakore, iwi rangatira: Paracha o te "ngakau mahana" Aksyusha o "Forests". Ostrovsky māngai o te tikanga o te ora, te oaoa, me te fatongia whakaurua i roto i te tākaro "taro Reipa". Tata ki te katoa nga mahi o Alexander II, tuhituhia i roto i te tau 1870, whakaputaina i roto i "Notes o te fatherland".

"E ko Snow"

Ko tino matapōkere te ahua o tenei irava o te tākaro. whare tapere Iti i roto i 1873 i katia hoki hanga. oho ana kaiwhakaari ki te whare o te Bolshoi Theatre. I roto i tenei whakaaro, te Komihana i runga i te Whakahaere Theatres Imperial Moscow faaoti ki te hanga i tētahi whakaaturanga i roto i nei e toru o te kapa kia whai wāhi: opera, ori me te whakaari. Tuhia he wahi rite mau a Aleksandr Nikolaevich Ostrovsky. "Snow Maiden" i tuhituhia e te kaitito i roto i te wā poto rawa o te wā. Ko te pūtake mo te kaituhi ka mau te aamu o te iwi korero Russian. I te mahi i runga i te tākaro, āta whiriwhiria e ia nga taha o te whiti, ka runanga ki te archeologists, faihisitōlia, ngā pūkenga o te tawhito. Music titoa mo te tākaro o taitamariki P. I. Chaykovsky. premiered te tākaro i roto i 1873, Mei 11, i runga i te atamira o te Bolshoi Theatre. korero K. S. Stanislavsky o "Snow Maiden" rite te korero patupaiarehe, he moe, korerotia i roto i te rotarota nui, me te nehenehe. ka mea ia e tuhituhi he nōna ki a BYTOVIK Ostrovsky tenei tākaro rite ki te tae noa na kahore moni, ki te kahore hoki romance parakore me te whiti.

Mahi i roto i nga tau tata nei,

I roto i tenei wā, i tuhituhi Ostrovsky he pukuhohe pāpori, me te hinengaro nui, me te whakaari. korero ratou o te whakarau fakamamahi o te tikanga mohio o nga wahine pūmanawa i roto i te ao manuki me whaiaro-hiahia, "mau taleni, me e faahinaaro ra", "Kora". Here whakawhanakehia te kaitito tikanga hou o te whakapuaki tapere, tūmanako te mahi Antona Chehova. Te manaaki i te āhuatanga o tona whakaari, rapu Alexander ki ite "pukuhohe pai mahara" "roto aroraa" toa.

ngā mahi Outdoor

I roto i te 1866, i whakaturia Alexander te Circle toi rongonui. muri ka hoatu e ia te atamira Moscow maha kaiwhakaari pūmanawa. tae mai matou Ostrovsky AM Grigorovich, Ivan Goncharov, I. S. Turgenev, P. M. Sadovsky, AF Pisemsky, G. N. Fedotova, M. E. Ermolova, P. I. Chaykovsky , L. N. Tolstoy, AU Saltykov-Shchedrin, IE Turchaninov.

I te tau 1874 ka hanga ai te Society o kaituhi Russian me kaitito whakaari puoru whakaari i roto i Russia. I tīpakohia Association heamana Aleksandr Nikolaevich Ostrovsky. i matau Photos o ahua tūmatanui rongonui ki nga tahi o nga toi e mahi i roto i Russia. Ko te reforomatio he kaha rawa ki te ture whakahaere whare tapere hou i roto i manakohia o nga kaitoi, a ko te kupu tino whakapai ake ratou mana pūtea, me te pāpori.

I roto i te 1885, i whakaritea Alexander i upoko o te wahi o te wāwāhi whare i roto i Moscow , a ka te matenga o te kura whakaari.

Theatre Ostrovsky

He mea paihere Aleksandra Ostrovskogo te auahatanga ki te hanganga o te whare tapere Russian i roto i tona tikanga hou. Kua whakahaere kaitito me te kaituhi ki te hanga i tona ake kura whakaari me te ariā katoa o te atamira motuhake o ngā tapere.

Āhuatanga o te auahatanga Ostrovsky whare tapere ko te kore o te natura counter whakakapi me ngā āhuatanga tino i roto i te mahi tākaro. I roto i nga mahi o Alexander Nikolayevich puta ngā mua ki te iwi noa.

Ko te ariā matua o te ripeneta:

• kia hāngai whare tapere i runga i ngā tikanga (tapae "taiepa te wha" e kitea e wehe nei i nga mataitai i te kaitapere);
• ka toenetanga te auau tākaro kore e waiho i runga i te kaiwhakaari pai-mohiotia, me i te kapa mahino ia atu kaitoi;
• kia faaite āhuatanga kupu tata katoa o te pūāhua kanohi i roto i te tākaro:: whanaunga pumau kaiwhakaari ki te reo
• haere mai te iwi ki te whare tapere ki te mataara i te kēmu o ngā kaitapere, e kore i roto i te tikanga ki te kia maheni ki te tākaro - ratou e taea e te pānui i te reira i te fare.

Ngaahi Fakakaukau i haere mai ki te kaituhi Ostrovskiy Aleksandr Nikolaevich ake, i muri whakarerekē M. A. Bulgakovym ko K. S. Stanislavskim.

ora whaiaro

ora Whaiaro o te kaitito i kahore iti ngā atu tona mahi tuhituhi. I roto i te uniana ā-ki te wahine te piha haapiiraa waenganui ohie raro noho ia mo tata rua tekau tau i Ostrovskiy Aleksandr Nikolaevich. meka Interesting me ngā taipitopito o te hononga faaipoiporaa o te kaituhi, me tana wahine tuatahi whakaongaonga tonu kairangahau.

I roto i 1847, i roto i te Faa St Nicholas Vorobinovskom muri ki te whare i noho ai ia Ostrovsky, noho ia ki tona tuahine tawhito kotahi tekau ma toru tau, te kuao kotiro - Agafya Ivanovna. i ia kahore utuafare, kahore hoa. No tetahi e matau te wahi tutaki ia ki a Aleksandrom Nikolaevichem. Heoi, i roto i 1848 i te iwi taitamariki he tama, Alex. Hoki ngā āhuatanga tamaiti-faaamuraa i te reira kahore, na i whakanohoia te tamaiti poto i roto i te whare pani. ko te papa o Ostrowski kaha riri e tana tama maka he whare wānanga whaimana e kore anake, engari e pā ana hoki ki te raro wahine piha waenganui ohie e noho i roto i te tata.

Heoi, whakaaturia Alexander u me, ka haere tona papa, me te kōkā ki te taonga tata hokona Shchelykovo i Kostroma kawanatanga, noho ki Agafya Ivanovna i roto i te whare rakau.

Kaituhi me Pēhi SV Maksimov hauti i huaina tona wahine tuatahi Ostrovsky "Wife Mata Kawana o," no te mea ko reira tata ki te kaituhi i roto i nga wa o te rawakore nui, me te fakamasiva kino. Ostrovsky hoa āhuatanga Agafia Ivanovna rite te tangata i te āhua he tino tupato, me te ngakau. Reira i mohio he faahiahia nga ritenga me ngā tikanga o te ora kaihokohoko, a i te mana tino i runga i te mahi o Ostrovsky. maha Alexander runanga ki a ia e pā ana ki te hanga o ratou mahi. I tua atu, ko Agafya Ivanovna he hostess faahiahia, me te pōwhiri. Ko te faaipoiporaa mōhiohio ki tona Ostrovsky kore whakaputaina i muri i te matenga o tona papa noa. tamariki katoa i whanau i roto i tenei uniana, mate rawa taitamariki, anake te, whaea matamua Alex, ite poto.

Neke atu i te wa, i Ostrovsky atu tōtu'a. I Kohara ia i roto i te aroha ki a Lyubov Pavlovnu Kositsky-Nikulin, e takaro Catherine i te tuatahitia o "Storm" i roto i te tau 1859. Maoro, Heoi, i reira ko he whati whaiaro: maka te kaitapere wahine he kaitito mo te kaihokohoko taonga.

Na i reira ko Alexander Nikolayevich kōrero ki te toi taitama Vasilyeva-Bakhmet'eva. mohio Agafya Ivanovna e pā ana ki reira, engari whakaaro whanau tona ripeka, ka whakahaere ki te pupuri i te faatura-whaiaro Ostrovsky. mate ia i roto i te tau 1867, 6 Maehe, i muri i te mate roa. kihai i Alexander waiho tona moenga noa te mutunga rawa. Ko te wahi tanumanga o te wahine tuatahi Ostrovsky unknown.

E rua tau i muri mai ka moea e ia te kaitito-Bakhmet'eva Vasilyeva, e whanau ia tokorua tamahine, me ana tama tokowha. Ki tenei wahine i ora Alexander noa tona mate.

mate kaituhi

Ko te pāpori, me te kukū mahi auaha e kore i taea e pā te hauora o te kaituhituhi. Ano, ahakoa i te kohinga pai o whakaari me ki te penihana ā-tau o $ 3 mano, i hapa tonu moni Alexander Nikolayevich. Ruha manukanuka tamau kua rahua te mutunga, te tinana o te kaituhituhi. I roto i te 1886, 2 Hune, ka mate te kaituhi i roto i tona wahi e tata ana Kostroma Shchelykovo. Emperor Alexander III homai kaitito hunaraa 3000 moni. I tua atu, i te pouaru o te kaituhituhi, whakaritea e ia he penihana i te nui o 3 mano moni, me i te mātauranga o ngā tamariki Ostrowski - ara 2400 moni i te tau.

ana'iraa

taea te whakaatu i poto te ora me te auaha Ostrovsky i roto i te ripanga wā.

i ki tonu o te ora, me te auahatanga Ostrovsky taua ngā. Ripanga e tāutu te ohipa nui i roto i te ora o te kaituhi, ka āwhina i ki mahino pai tona haurongo. tukufakaholo whakaari o Alexander Nikolayevich te amuitahiraa. ano ka haere mai Little Theatre ora o te toi nui kia huaina ki "whare Ostrovsky," me reira ta te rota. Creativity Ostrovsky, he whakamārama poto o nei whakatakotoria atu i roto i tenei tuhinga, he mea e tika ana ki te ako i te reira i roto i te taipitopito.