Mana o te radiation me matū: ngā whakaritenga whānui me te tūtohutanga o te mea ruri

Ko faufaa hoki te whanaketanga o te kāwanatanga me te tangata te mahi o hinonga ahumahi. Heoi, hanganga ture-kore ki te whakaritenga haumaru whakatika te riri ki te ora, me te hauora o te iwi. kia waiho te radiation kino matū ranei tenei. rapua e taua āhuatanga mahi tonu - ki te whakakore i te mate.

Ko te ati o te radiation me te matū tukunga

Ki te pakū karihi, aituā i ngā tipu te mana karihi, me te tahi atu panoni karihi kitea maha matūriki iraruke. Ko enei nga matū e he karihi ngota te fatifati i a takitahi e taea te neke ki te karihi o ngā ngota o ētahi atu āhuatanga. Ka rite ki te hua, i hanga ionizing radiation.

E poke ari e rite rohe, iwi, me te taonga. Na roto i te natura, ionizing radiation he hiko, me te he awa pokarekarenga nohopuku o matūriki. Tenei te whakangaromia e te pūtau i roto i te tinana e ai radiation mate. A, no te he āhua o te tau'a ore mai te mate. Ki te whakahaere rangahau i runga i tenei take tono te taiwhanga mana radiation, uru ki nei i anake tohunga.

āhuatanga o

Tukunga i rua ngā āhuatanga matua:

• ionizing;
• ongó kaha.

I tua atu ki te radiation ionizing mo te iwi, me te āhua kino matūriki paitini taratahi te whakamahi i patu matū, me te matū tino paitini. tītohunga rite tupu i roto i te ati ahumahi.

hinga tangata puta i ingestion o matūriki paihana i roto i te tinana, hei tauira, i te whakapā ki te oneone poke ranei ngā whakamahia kai kino, wai, rangi inhalation. Hei tiaki i te iwi whānui i taua mau ohipa whakamana te radiation me mana matū. Tenei taea ki a koe te karo ati, a ki te tiaki i te iwi i te pānga kino.

whakaritenga whānui

kia kawea Mana o te radiation me matū i roto i:

• hinonga me ngā pūtahi o te kaporeihana kāwanatanga "Rosatom";
• whakahaere, i raro ki te "Rosatom";
• i roto i te mara biomedical o pūtahi;
• i roto i ngā rōpū, te hanga i te tikanga o te mana dosimetric.

aratohu tikanga tohutohu i roto i SanPiNs me manuhiri, e rai i roto i ngā ture o te mahi i roto i te contamination matū, me te ira tukituki.

mea radiation rangahau

He aha e nga whakaaro radiation rapunga whakamahia? Hoki tenei whakaaro radiation taputapu rapunga e rave taumata radiation inenga, whānuitanga o mate, te tāutu i pota. Ano, Kei te whakamahia te pūrere mō ngā iwi, me te mo te kai, te wai, te waka, me te tahi atu tūemi e rua. kawea aroturuki radiation i roto i, me te mōrea o te mate.

O te taputapu wehea e rite ki te tono:

• hoki rangahau radiation: Tohu o ira me te roentgenometer;
• ki te aroturuki i te taumata o te contamination: radiometers;
• ki te whakahaere i te rongo: dosimeters.

hiahiatia ia mea te ki te tiaki i te taupori me te wāhi o te ati. Ngā mahi pērā i ruri radiation me aroturuki, tukua ki te mau tonu i te paerewa noa o te ora.

momo o te radiation

kanohi Arepa radiation te rite te awa o karihi haumāmā ngota ongó te mahi o nei te mea i te taumata iti. E puritia ēnei matūriki kakahu noa, taputapu whaiaro paruru. riro mōrearea ki te kătahi ki te tinana, e arata'i ki te irradiation ā-matū.

radiation Beta Ko te kurupae o irahiko nohopuku whakaputaina e te pirau o matūriki iratuki. Ahakoa ionizing ia te mana o te mahi iti, engari nui kătahi. E kore e tonu tiaki te hua ki taua radiation, a reira e hiahia ana pai rerenga.

Kama radiation he takenga intranuclear. Whakanoho ki te tere o te marama. I roto i te marama kaha, kătahi nui, kia taea ara rere i te reira i roto i ngā rauemi matotoru. Mai te matūriki ionize nga pūtau o kaiao ora, e kino ki te tangata ratou. Ka rite ki te tiaki tono wharau fekumi pea nā, basements me toa.

Methods mō te rapunga o radiation

Hei whakatau i te radiation e whai ake nei ngā tikanga:

• Ko tā te reira i inenga o te apa whakaehunga whakaahua blackening te radiation iraruke;
• matū e hāngai ana i runga i te momo matū tautuhinga huringa tae i raro i te mana o te radiation;
• ūiraira tā te rapunga o pūaho;
• hāngai Ionization te i runga i te meka i kitea te radiation hau ionization.

taea Mana o te radiation ki whakakitea te taumata o te mate me te ārai i te takanga o ngā pānga kōaro ki runga ki te tangata, te kararehe me te āhua.

Instruments mō te reconnaissance matū

Whakatau i te taumata o te contamination ki matūriki paitini rangi, whenua, waka, kakahu, te wai kei mā te whakamahi i ngā pūrere rapunga matū. Ko reira ano tikanga tīpako taea, e kua whakawhitia ki te taiwhanga mo tātaritanga.

tauhohe Pūrere ki matū paitini, ka takoto te auau mate e te tohu huringa tae. I runga i te pūtake o te ngā mōhiohio whakaaturia e taua whakaaro, ka u ai kukū o matūriki kino i roto i te rangi. Ko te taputapu ngā:

• taputapu hōia reconnaissance matū;
• pūrere rapunga matū;
• āhua-matū taputapu rapunga;
• pūoko hau aunoa.

momo katoa o te taputapu i te parau tumu rite. Ia o ratou taea ki a koe te whakatau i te whānuitanga o te contamination.

tūtohutanga

He ture ki te mahi tika i roto i ngā āhuatanga mōrearea:

• ka kitea te reira ati o te whakaoho;
• kei roto i te tiaki hihiko;
• E whakaritea ngā wāhi ka huaketo tangata haepapa;
• ki te tika, te hōneatanga whakaritea o te taupori;
• Ko taea anake hoki o te iwi ki te wāhi haumaru.

Nā ki te kitea kore ki te ārai i mōrearea. Te huru e aroturuki tonu ratonga rangi e taea i roto i te wa ki te whakatupato o te ngā kino haamouraa. Na reira he mea tino nui te mana o te radiation, e taea ai ki te karo i te mōrearea mō te tangata.