Pea nā rerenga. tiaki takitahi me te ngā i roto i te take o ngā aituā radiation

kawea aroturuki radiation i roto i ngā tipu ahumahi me tipu te mana karihi kore e tutakina i te taea o te takanga o te kino. Na reira, kia mohio katoa e founga ki te te tiaki i to ratou oraraa, me te hauora i roto i tenei āhuatanga. I roto i tenei tuhinga, kohia matou mōhiohio taketake i runga i te tumu parau.

He aha te mea te ERP

pea nā whakaruru (haapotohia - - MDP) I roto i te take o te rerenga motuhake e whakamahia ana radiation kino. mahi ratou ki te tiaki i te iwi whānui ki ionizing radiation, e kua kitea i roto i te mate o te rohe radiation. I tua atu, kei te whakamahia e ratou mo te tiaki ki ionizing radiation (tae atu rere iramoe), te tukunga marama o te ngaru ru (wāhanga) whakapā ki kakahu, me te kiri o te poisoning tangata, matū iratuki, me koiora (kitakita) māngai.

Wā tirohia te FRA whakarato te Tāhuhu. Moscow, hei tauira, he mano o wharau, etahi o ratou e hoatu ki runga whakahaere arumoni. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakahaere i i te hinonga taumata, takiwa me rohe i reira e tū ana ratou, ki te hanga i te kōmihana motuhake. ngā ratou māngai o te ngā mana whakaü, tio me FEMA. Moscow - te whakapaipai o to matou whenua, na te āhua o te ERP tirohia reira maha. kia Care kia tangohia e kore ki te whakapōrearea i te turuturu i roto i a ratou.

Materials me ngā whakaurunga mō te MDP

maha e tū pea nā wharau i te basements o ngā whare. I te tahi taime e taea te hanga te reira fabricated whakaruru kūwaha. Hoki tenei whakaaro, rauemi hanga ahumahi pēnei i pereki, raima āhuatanga motumotu, awhiowhio, me te rauemi rohe (kohatu, rakau, me ētahi atu). kia rawaka mō te tiaki i te matotoru taiepa i roto i tenei take. He aha e nui ratou, ka waiho i te pono ake te piringa. I roto i ngā wāhi treeless, ki te reira e kore rauemi hanga atu, he reira taea ki te hanga i te PRU o fascines, kua hanga nei o kakaho, manga, he kakau witi, kakaho, putirā, i horahorangia e witi.

Katoa wāhi arapaki e tika ana mo te whakaaro o te tiaki, e taea te urutau ki te rerenga pea nā. Tenei toa, basements, nga ana, mahi raro, toa huawhenua. Fit me mata whare, kua hanga nga taiepa o nei i ngā rauemi e whai āhuatanga tiaki. Area i roto i tenei take kia rerekē.

pressurization

Hei whakarei te āhuatanga tiaki o te tatau matapihi hiri, me te kuwaha atu. I te īnaki ringihia apa oneone. Ki te tika, i te waho kohuki runga ake te mata o te taiepa te hanga i te podsypku paru.

tutuki taatiraa e taatiraa tupato o nga rua, kapiti me kapiti i roto i te tuanui me te taiepa, i te hononga o te tatau me te matapihi tatau, te wai tāuru me paipa whakawera. Hoki whakarato reira he tatau tau kia mahia kia upholster ua, me te whakamahau ki hiritia pukapuka o Ua ite te tahi kiko mātotoru ngohengohe ranei.

ventilation

Ki te he wāhi iti o te ruma, whakakitea taua wharau hangaia ki te hāngai kaua e neke atu i te 30 iwi, puta noatia i roto i te whakapau me te supply aerodynamics rangi. Ko te tuatahi ki te waihanga te pamu mahi e pā ana ki 1.5-2 m i runga ake i te rua. I tua atu, i te visors hangä ki runga ki aerodynamics ventilation (waho ratou kāpeka). I te tomo hanga pāhūhū kikī-tikanga kua katia ka te riri o te pea nā iraruke.

pūrere ā-

Ki te kore te te wāhi e faa'aano ki te whakaruru rawa ki te parakaingaki me te wai rere, whakatakotoria ana ki roto i te tank i te wai. Me waiho te reira e pā ana ki 3-4 rita ia tangata ia ra. Pai hangaia wharepaku rua tākai waho ranei. Ko te whakaruru i hanga whata, taumanu pouaka ranei te tikanga mo te kai. marama te ruma e ki te rama hiko kawe ranei i te supply mana waho.

tauwehe tiaki

He rerekē ngā āhuatanga wharau tiaki antiradiation. Hoki te aro mātai mā te whakamahi i te tohu pēnei i te take tiaki. kōrero ia e pā ana ki te tini o nga wa tenei whakaruru te whakaiti i te horopeta radiation. awe ana tēnei take e ngā āhuatanga maha. Wall matotoru, te rauemi e hanga e ratou i ai, sealability etc. retrofitted roto o whare ranei basements taea e maha ngā tekau ara rau o nga wa ki te whakapiki ake i ō rātou āhuatanga tiaki ranei. Hei tauira, i roto i basements o kāinga rawa hanga o te rakau, take tiaki tae 100, i te kohatu - 1000. Tata 7-12 wa attenuate mateuteu radiation puhera, me rite rawa whakaiti tona rongo ki 350-400 wā. Ko te kupu, huna te momo māmā i te take tiaki iti, atu pono - teitei.

Me pēhea te ki te tikanga i roto i nga wharau

He etahi ture o whakahaere i roto i te distributor parae. whakakiia pea nā wharau ake nohopuku, ka whakaritea. I roto i te wahi tuatahi i roto i te whakaruru i pekepeke tamariki, iwi kaumātua me nga wahine ki te tamariki. E tū ana ratou i roto i ngā wāhi whakaritea mō ratou. He tangata i roto i te whakaruru, ki te tango i te supply o kai mo e rua nga ra (takaia i roto i te kirihou). kia hoki i ia tuhinga no ki te wharepaku, taputapu paruru whaiaro (o e e aparau i tatou i muri) me te iti rawa o taonga whaiaro.

rāhuitia kaha-kakara me matū pūkākā te ki kawea i roto i te ERP. Ano, e kore e arahi ki te mōkai, tango tūemi mōmona. E kore e taea e te whare te haere faufaa ore. Kahore he take ki te marama i te rama, kānara, te kāinga-hanga rama karahīni kahore whakaaetanga. Me ū te iwi e te hunga i roto i te huna, ki te tohutohu, me ngā whakaritenga o te rangatira katoa.

Kei te hanga te mutunga o te rerenga, i rite hiahiatia, ranei "Waiho" i muri i te pė ranei. Ki te mea kei te ki ake nga whakaputanga matua, kua kawea te reira i roto i roto i te putanga whawhati tata. I roto i te take o te ngaro o te whakamutunga, ko te tika ki te tango i mehua mo te whakawātea i te iwi blockage me tatau tuwhera ope noho i roto i te rerenga.

Me pēhea te ki te tiaki ia koe i te radiation?

puna radiation katoa kawe te tūpono tiketike. Ahakoa tenei, i reira he huarahi ki te tiaki ki te rongo. Wāhui o wharau pea nā ko ki te whakaiti i te kino ngā pānga o te radiation. Heoi, e kore e taea e tino faaore te reira i te pānga kino. Me mahara te reira e reira e te tahi atu mau rave'a ki te tiaki ia koe i reira. Ka taea te wehea ratou ki 3 momo: tawhiti, te wā, me te taputapu whaiaro paruru. He titiro poto i ia o ratou.

wā tiaki

Ko te ngako o tenei tikanga o te tiaki, ko te ki te whakaiti i te wā o te noho o te tangata tata ki te pūtake radiation. Kino ki to tatou hauora ko te nui, te roa koe e kore e matara atu i te puna o te radiation tatou. Kei te whakamahia i tēnei tikanga o te tiaki, i roto i ngā, mo te whakakorenga o te aituā Chernobyl. i hoatu Liquidators he torutoru noa meneti ki te whakaoti i ta ratou mahi, me te hoki mai ki te wāhi haumaru. Ko reira tino nunu'a meapango hua wāhiki i roto i e taea e i roto i te wāhi kua pā. Nui haere te rongo, ka taea e meinga radiation mate puta.

tawhiti tiaki

A, no te te kitea he ahanoa, i te mea he puna o te radiation, he ati ki te hauora me te ora te tangata, he mea e tika ana ki te neke atu i reira ki te tawhiti i reira e kore e nui ake te radiation me papamuri radiation te rohe whakaaetia. I tua atu, ka taea e te pūtake radiation kia tangohia atu hoki tanumanga ranei hoatu ai i roto i te wāhi haumaru.

taputapu tiaki Whaiaro

I te tahi taime e mea e tika ana ki te kawe i roto i tetahi mahi i roto i ngā wāhi ki te radiation nui whakamārama. Hei tauira, tenei e kore e taea te karohia ka te aituā i te tipu te mana karihi ranei i te mahi i runga i te momo o hinonga ahumahi, e ko te puna o radiation. I roto i taua wāhanga kia hanga aroturuki radiation tamau. e kore e taea e He e kahore tiaki. Ko reira mōrearea hoki te hauora, me te ara te ora o te iwi. Hoki ngā take pēnei i, kua hanga nga tikanga tiaki radiation takitahi. whakaaturanga i te reira i roto i ngā rauemi, roa etahi momo o radiation. I tua atu, hoki PPE ngā coveralls.

He maha ngā momo o te radiation i runga i te tiaki, me te āhua o te matūriki radiation rānei. Na reira, kei te hanga nga tikanga tiaki o rauemi rerekē ki te whakatenetene ki etahi momo o radiation.

I roto i te tikanga ki te tiaki ia ratou i te Arepa radiation, ka taea e hoatu e koe ki runga ki karapu rapa, he respirator whakamahi noa ranei "arai" o te pepa. Ki te te matua beta-radiation, ka hiahia te mata he pepa angiangi o te konumohe, karaihe plexiglass ranei. e kore e taea e respirator kūpapa tiaki te pūnaha romahā tangata i tenei momo o te radiation. I roto i tenei take, ka hiahia koe te kanohi hau.

Na roto i te kama ki te tiaki ia ratou i te faingataa. Kākahu he tiaki ki tenei momo o te radiation, me hanga o te rino, maka rino, mata, Tungsten ranei te tahi atu konganuku he puranga nui. I roto i te whakatinanatanga o te mahi i te Chernobyl mana karihi whakato ki te whakamahi i kakahu i hanga o mata.

Various momo o tauārai polyethylene, waerau, me te ara wai taea tiaki e koe i te kino i meinga e te te rongo ki matūriki iramoe.

tāpiritanga kai me ngā hua

Kei te maha tāpiringa kai whakamahia ki te tiaki ki radiation tahi me mata me overalls. Me ratou ki kia tangohia waha rānei i mua i te taenga o te rohe radiation, i muri i ranei. I roto i te maha ngā take, te āwhina ratou ki te whakaiti i te pā tōraro o radionuclides i roto i te tinana tangata.

te āwhina hoki ētahi kai ki te whakaiti i te pānga kino o te radiation. I roto i Me kï ratou witi, te taro ma, wōnati me uhikura. I roto i te whānuitanga iti taea enei kai whakaiti i te pānga o te radiation i runga i te tangata e tika ana ki te aroaro o te selenium, e ārai te hanganga o te pukupuku meinga e, tae atu radiation te rongo. I roto i te whawhai ki a ia he tino pai, a ka hanga tāpiringa runga i te pūtake o te pükohu (chlorella, rimurapa). Tangohia te tinana o nuclides iratuki kua ngoto ki roto reira, ara karika wāhanga pakari, me te riki.

"Ginseng" - he rongoā whai hua ki radiation. Kei te hokona te reira i roto i nga rongoā. kia whakamahia te reira i roto i te nui o 40-50 makaka rua i mua i te kai. I tua atu, ki te whakaiti i te kukū o radionuclides i roto i te tinana tangata āwhina wāhanga o Eleutherococcus. Me te reira ki te kia whakamahia i roto i te nui o 0.25-0.5 tīpune te ra o te tea i roto i te ata, me i tina. Hoki te tiaki i te radiation he lungwort whai hua, rewera, me te Leuzea, e hoki hokona i roto i te rongoā.

Me kï reira e kore e taea ki te whakakore rawa i nga pānga kino o te radiation kahore tarukino. Ko te ara pai ki te tiaki ki reira - te karo whakapā ki ngā poke, a rite wawe tonu ki te waiho i te wahi, he nui haere ira. Ka taea e whakarurutanga me te pea nā wharau te āwhina ki tino whakaiti i te pā tōraro o te radiation, ki te he e kore e taea ki te waiho i te wahi kino.