Lem Stanislav: korukī, pikitia, biography, rārangi pukapuka, arotake

Ko te kaituhi rongonui riro o te Polish lem Stanislav te aroha o kaipānui huri noa mahi te ao i roto i te momo o te pakimaero pūtaiao me te taumauri. meinga te kaituhi i te Laureate o maha tohu Polish me te ao, i roto ia ratou te utu kāwanatanga Austria i Poland, tohu ko Kafka. Na ka ia he Knight o te Order o te White Eagle, te taata tei mau o nga nekehanga, tākuta hōnore o te maha wānanga. I hanga kiriata nui "Solaris" e te hua Pāoa, i tuhituhia e Stanislav lem.

biography

Whanau pakimaero pūtaiao faahiahia i roto i te pa Polish o Lvov i Mahuru 1921, i roto i te hapu o whai he noho tākuta Lviv. puta ia i te hākinakina i roto i te 1939. A i te wa ano ka Lviv te pa Soviet. hiahia lem Stanislav ki ako engineering pūtaiao, engari ki te tomo i rahua te whare wānanga kuratini. Ki te awhina o tona papa, i whakaritea e ia mo te hauora me te anga ki te ako i reira, kahore tetahi ngākau.

E rua tau i muri mai, ka Lions he pa Tiamana, a mutu pūtahi mātauranga ratou mahi. Ehara i te mea na ohie, te kaituhi heke mai. Oia mau hanga tupuna Hurai tona ora i roto i te tau te miniti katoa mahi tonu. i taea e te tiki ia ki te irirangi, ka mate i reira, ka rite ki ko te take ki tata katoa o te intelligentsia Lviv. Nga tuhinga, Heoi, whakahaere ki te tika i roto i, me i whakaritea lem Stanislav rite te mīhini i roto i te u German mō te tukatuka whakarewa. I roto i te 1944, ka te Raiona ano tetahi pa Polish, a tonu te kaituhi i mua nei ana akoranga i roto i te haapiiraa taote.

I roto i Poland

Heoi, i roto i te 1946, ka te Raiona ano tetahi pa Soviet, te wahi patua toenga tuhi Bandera kēnge te taupori Polish i te pakiaka - kainga katoa, a i roto i te pa i rawa te pehi. Amo i roto i te whakautu ki tona rohe, a karapitia ana te kainga Ukrainian.

Na reira, ua faaoti Iosif Stalin ki enei pātai e kōiwi. I roto i te torutoru nga ra tata amo katoa i uru Ukraine, haere ki Poland, a tata Ukrainians katoa i Poland - i roto i Western Ukraine. Lem Stanislav, rawa, hinga ki tenei hekenga nui a tonu ana akoranga kē i roto i te University Krakow - te Faculty o Medicine, kihai nei i i tukinotia rerekē.

timata

Ahakoa kihai i tangohia e nga whakamātautau whakamutunga, riro ia he tiwhikete anake, engari e kore e he tītohu. Pea no te mea i wehi ki te mahi i mahi kinongia ia, engari taea - i te ope, "derailed" no te mea ki e whai he tītohu hanga ia he mahi o te tākuta hōia. noho ia i roto i te 1948 i muri i kura i roto i te taiwhanga pūtaiao kaiāwhina teina, a ko te tino hari.

I kore ia ngā kahore mahi, anake hoki kotahi, a ko reira kore engineering. Mai i 1946 ka anga ia ki te whakaputa i ana mahi fantastic, e ko, ka he kaituhi. Stanisław lem, kitea ia i roto i te mea i rapua e ia tona photo inaianei pea kite katoa, a he tokomaha, a nga wa katoa te pupuri i te reira i runga i tou tēpu, i te haora ano.

"Te tangata i Mars" me "astronauts"

tāngia tona pūrākau tuatahi Czlowiek z Marsa i roto i Nowy Świat Przygod - makasini wiki. Kaipānui î ki loto, i nga mahi te tino tuatahi o Stanisław lem ka he kaituhi i roto i Poland fifi, ahakoa kihai i puta te nuinga o te pukapuka kia hohoro.

Ko kua i roto i te 1951, ka tata tonu ngaro i nga whata tika whakaputaina tona Astronauci ( "astronauts"). tuhituhi Na Stanisław lem, arotake o mahi tonu i nga kē i runga i te whārangi o hautaka puta noa te ao, tata tonu to.

No era atu

haere tokomaha lem ki Germany, Czechoslovakia. A maha haere ki te Soviet Union, engari kihai i rite ki a ia e kore i roto i te tohu iti, i raro i tetahi pūnaha tōrangapū (rite kite tata katoa). Heoi, i te mea e tino tika ana ki te hei, ka mea a tuhituhi e aroha me mihi ...

I roto i te 1982, ka faahiti kotahi ano te haunga o te whawhai i roto i Poland, Stanisław lem, i te mahi i whakamahia kē te iwi, ahakoa o iwi, wahi o te noho, te ira tangata me te tau, ka whakatutehu ia ki Austria, ahakoa puta i te reira i taua wa e whai oaoa tetahi whenua. noho ia ki te kia waru tekau-wha tau i, ahakoa nga mate o te hawhe tuatahi o te ora. Heoi, i te ngakau he e hawata ana, he aha ia i mate i roto i Maehe 2006.

kāhua

Stanisław lem, atu pinepine korero e pā ana ki te kōrero i taka o te tangata, me te ora extraterrestrial nei mahi, i tuhituhi he rota e pā ana ki te hangarau o te heke mai. tohi i muri tohua idealization o wawata pāpori, tata ki te momo o te utopia, i reira te tangata he hōhā hoki o te tukanga whakahou.

E ki tonu o whakakatakata, pūhohe me te rapunga whakaaro nga tuhinga. Toe o te pā o pakimaero pūtaiao, kua mīharo nei Stanisław lem, he faahitiraa i "rātaka Star Iyona Kiwa," mo te tauira, kei te whakamahia hurinoa hoki tekau tau maha. Ehara i roto i kaituhi maumau mīharo kore pakimaero anake, engari ano hoki futurology.

kororia

pukapuka lem whakamāoritia ki reo neke atu i wha tekau, hokona ratou rawa rawa nui - pai i runga i te toru tekau miriona kape. hanga te reira i neke atu i te rua tekau urutaunga o ana mahi, i roto i nei nekehia atu te wahi matua o Poland me te USSR, engari me ratou i tohua Czechoslovakia, Germany, Ingarangi, te USA, a tae noa Azerbaijan. Ko te pai o te pikitia ko, o te akoranga, koperea "Solaris" Tarkovsky, ahakoa Stanisław lem, nga mahi pai o ai i whakaaetia, ka matau i roto i te USSR, tauanga kore nui tenei faahiahia. I tua atu, ka karanga Tarkovsky te "pōrangi" mo e kore whakawhitihia te whakaaro taketake.

Heoi, i runga i te kiriata American taketake ki Clooney te tikanga tika itehia i. Na te pono, ko te, i reira ko te whakaaro taketake i roto i te whānui rite reira he kahore. kaha, weriweri pakimaero pūtaiao American lem ka whakahē ki te whānuitanga e i peia ia i te Society o American pakimaero pūtaiao. Kore mohio ki Bradbury ko Shackley, Clarke ko Asimov, korero ia pai anake i runga i Strugatsky, rawa whakamoemiti te "Roadside Picnic". Ia ara te whakaaro ke e kore i tuhituhi ai e ia.

papakupu

Stanisław lem - te kaituhi, i te mea tūturu i roto i te hanga kupu. Tau o whängai atu, kua hanga ratou, ka whakamahia e te kau muimui nui iwa mano. Ko te amo tino waimarie a Russian faatura tenei i roto i. Ko te tuhi mahi i runga i nga mahi o te lem rawa pūmanawa, a whai wāhi te tatanga o te iritiraa reo, kia tino taea tatou oaoa i te kaituhi katakata.

He nui iti waimarie Translations ki reo kore-Slavic, rite nui whakauaua pai i te tai'oraa i te mahi o Stanisław lem taea te tiki i te Amelika te French ranei. Pea kahore tetahi whakamāramatanga ko reira mārama e mo te rongoa - "altruizin" e mo te whare - "besilnya", no te i huaina he tangata lōpoti whaitake "blednotikom" me te "Bumba" me "blyumba" rerekē i poma tikanga. Na te wā whakamiharo - "lzhivotnye" tonu mārama - waihanga. No iti atamai, me te "postyment" ki "sepulka".

Kaituhi kapi a wittily whakakakahu i o ratou whakaaro i roto i te mau parau: "Machine, puhuki, mātanga, hinengaro poraskinut taea, e e whakahau te smyshlonaya tuatahi ite e atu pai Marohi ki te whakaoti i te raruraru ranei ngana ki te Huarau i roto o reira.?". "Ko te rohe o te hopoi'a morare he hōkai nui whānui o te Code Ture." "Ko te ngako o te tau tawhito, ko e riro ia koutou wheako, e kore e taea te whakamahi."

kaupapa

Fakataha ki taua tinihanga o te whakaahua reo kei te patu me te auahatanga whanui o te mau ao, me mau: te utopia me dystopia, me tales marama e pā ana ki te wāhi, me te taimaha pāpori engineering, kē hakari, me te tino mangu ao iti heke mai huri noa i te kokonga ki tonu o dope tupua, me te wikitoria o te tangata, ki te raupatu i te ao ...

Na marara puta noa etahi meta, akina te kaipānui ki te whakaaro, ki te kore e tika rite hai whakaaro Stanisław lem. Ko na nui e taea ki te mutu anake i te mahi tino rongonui tona rārangi pukapuka.

"137 hēkona"

Ko te he korero matarohia o te pakimaero pūtaiao, te wahi te whakaaro ko te protagonist - superpronitsatelnaya reira whatunga rorohiko. Futurology, i roto i te mahi maha o te kaituhi piri ki, puta nei i konei i roto i te āhuatanga o te wawe, matapae ngā unaccrued ano. He cheesy te wahi, engari wāhikē e te raruraru taumauri, pērā i kitea te wa i roto i te hinengaro tangata. puta Time taha uaua tino ki te matau.

"Noa iho pūmau"

Tenei huringa Kua oti te tuhituhi i roto i te tangata tuatahi, te wahi mahi te kaituhi rite te fakaanga tuhituhi e faaino mahi tohia. He rota o te kaupapa, whakakatakata, pūhohe whakatoi ki ara ratou ake whakaaro e pā ana ki te ao i roto i nei huru pukapuka nohoia. Ko te pukapuka e pā ana ki moe me te noa i roto i whakaaro nui ki te kau tūturu tenei, no te mea e ko te wahi i reira he tonu ore roa i mana'ohia.

"Altruizin"

Ahakoa i roto i nga lōpoti e kitea hermits, ki te he te reira i te aamu fantastic. Tetahi ki Dobrica, hātakēhi moke i roto i te koraha e ono tekau-whitu nga tau whakaaro, a ka whakaritea e ki te hanga e noho tata oaoa. Na tona kaihoahoa hoa Klapautsy korero te kōrero ngā o te ora enesertsev, te taua hunga e kua tae te NDS (atamira rawa o te whanaketanga). Ratou, rawa, i kotahi e hiahiatia ana ki te kawe i te oaoa ki te ao katoa - taonga, makona, he taikaha o te pai. Na ka haere mai te aha o reira? mārama oaoa katoa i roto i tona ara ake ...

"Hoki atu i te Stars"

Kei te whakauaua ana tēnei pūrākau roaa te viivii ore o te momo, e te nuinga o te wā āhuatanga e te kaituhi. E kore te mea tenei pakiwaitara, i me te nui, te anga ke rawa: tae mai te reira ki ngā take o te pāpori, rauropi, te hononga o te tangata, me te āhua. I roto i te takahanga o HG Wells ( "Te Wā Machine") whakaara Stanisław lem te take o te urutaunga tangata ki te taiao i reira kitea e te aito ia i roto i te mano tau o nga tau mokowā i te kotahi te wahi i whanau ai ia. He hoki huru hakari, me te korokë, a nui, me te wawata me te mooni, me kataina, me phantasmagoria. E kore spaceships, engari i te ringa rehe me te unpredictability o hinengaro tangata.

"Tsifrushi Mātauranga"

kihai a Klapautsiyu noa Trurlya, Rector o te whare wānanga - tūnga raruraru, a Trurl i te mamae hangaia mīhini, ka karanga Tsifrushey ka anga ki te ngaki i te reira. haere āta te hoha, Trurl mahi pakihi, me te kore ite anake. Heoi, i te reira na tupu ai i roto i te akoranga o te mātauranga i reira ko he āputa, mai hinga toru meteorite karapīpiti kari Trurlya te wahi ka mau te reira mau piha ki Tsifrushey, i nga hiawero Comet haupapa, rere e. Enei meteorites he manuhiri ohorere: karetao pahų, drum me te phi, whakauria nei i roto i te ringa ki te karaihe o te wai. Trurl ki Tsifrushey mea rewa tonu a ora ratou manuhiri, a ka whakarongo ki ngā kōrero ...