Mara hinu Prirazlomnoe i roto i te Moana Pechora

I roto i te ao e kore e maha rohe unexplored reira. Ko tētahi o ēnei wāhi - te Arctic. tīmata hono ako i te Arctic mai nga anotau Middle. tonu te whanaketanga o te rohe ki tenei ra. Neke atu i te 2/3 o Arctic hinu, me te hau mara moutere o te ao kei roto i te rohe papa Russian. No okotahi me Prirazlomnoye hinu mara i roto i te Moana Pechora.

History o te kaupapa

tohunga pūtaiao mara Prirazlomnoe kitea i roto i te 1989. Ko te huringa o te tikanga tōrangapū me te ārai i te whanaketanga o te moni tāpui taunoa.

Anake i roto i te 1993, he āpiti o "Gazprom" - "ROSSHELF" - timata ki te whai wāhi i roto i te whanaketanga hohe Prirazlomnoe. hua tūhura arowhenua o puna e toru i tae noa ki 1994. Kua i roto i 1996, kua rite te kamupene te whaihuanga ōhanga, me te hangarau. I roto i te 1997, whakaaetia ana e ia he mahere ki te hanga i te tūāpapa i whakaritea.

I roto i te 1998, ka ko te hoahoa papa i roto i te wā hohe, piri mahi e tika ana ki te taunoa ōhanga. I muri i te 5 tau, kua te kaupapa kua whakaritea, a ka kua te kamupene hou āpiti "Gazprom" - "Sevmorneftegas" - ki anō hanga. kati tāutanga tüäpapa mo te wa roa hiki. I oti te wāhanga tuatahi o te hanganga anake i te mutunga o te tau 2010. Na anake i te mutunga o te 2013th tīmata ia ki te riro tino mahi.

Āhuatanga pūhara

Ko te rohe i reira te Prirazlomnoe mara - rohe Nefteyugansk o te motuhake District Nenets. Kei te tūāpapa te 60 km i te tuawhenua.

Hoki te whanaketanga o te parae i te moana nui kua whakapumautia rawa hangaia pūhara e taea te mahi i pāmahana iti, te huka, hau kaha me ngaru moana. Ko te hohonu i i kawea ana he hinu production te i roto i - 20 m te noaa te papa ki te whenua i te moana o te whakataimaha.. Ko te katoa taimaha o reira, tae atu ki te whakataimaha, ko te 500,000 taranata. E ai ki te mahere te tūāpapa ki te wiri 36 puna i roto i te tikanga ki te whakarite e te hanga hinu ā-tau o te 6.5 miriona taranata.

tūnga mara

Prirazlomnoe oilfield pono ahurei, mai te mahi i runga i te tangohanga o "koura mangu" e kawea atu ki runga i te reira i te turanga, ara i roto i te hotoke. Heoi, e kore kua whakawhanakehia ano te tikanga o te rēhitatanga kāwanatanga o hanganga o te ture Russian.

E ai ki te ture Federal №187, pūhara - he hanga haavare o te papa continental o te Russian Federation i roto i te rohe. faaoti Arbitration Kooti o District Moscow i roto i 2009 ki te mohio ki ona waipēhi hanganga whakaritea. Hoki i roto i te 2012 "Prirazlomnaja" rēhitatia rite te oko moana-haere i roto i te Rehita o kaipuke o Russia, ka pēnei ki te tauranga o Naryan-Mar.

kamupene whakahaere

haamata kaha whakawhanakehia Prirazlomnoe oilfield mai 1992. Ko te hinonga motuhake "ROSSHELF" i hanga i tēnei tau. I titoa te pukapuka o e pā ana ki te 20 kamupene rerekē, mahi etahi o ratou i roto i te tūhura o te mara Shtokman. I roto i te Maehe 1993, JSC "ROSSHELF" whiwhi he raihana ki te kawe i roto i ngā mahi o te tūhura, maina, me te utu i whakarite o rāhui hinu.

Mai 2001, te kamupene "Gazprom" me "Rosneft" anga ki te whakawhanake i te hinu, me te hau poka wai o te motuhake District Yamalo-Nenets, tae atu Prirazlomnoe mara. "Yuganskneftegaz" - he āpiti o "Rosneft" - whakahaere i te tüäpapa teihana köurarangi mai 2006. I roto i te tau 2002, i te kamupene "Sevmorneftegas" whiwhi he raihana ki te whakamahi i te putunga hinu Prirazlomnoe. I roto i 2009, "Rosneft" hokona "Gazprom" te mahi katoa "Sermorneftegaza" ka huaina te kamupene i "Gazpromneftshelf". Mai 2014 ka reira he āpiti o "Gazprom Neft".

Āhuatanga rokiroki me te transportation o te hinu

Kei Tanks o te hinu masivesivá i te raro o te tūāpapa - i roto i te caisson. hangarau rauemi rokiroki raw huaina reira "mākū" no te mea ahakoa o te tini o te tank hinu e rongoatia ki te pai tonu ki te wai. Oil tomo te tank mā te huarahi - te diffuser. A, no te whakakī i te wai tank e akina atu ki te pūnaha whakataimaha, e rere horoi atu. Kei te ka te wai e whakamahia ana ki te pressurize te Faarii hinu.

ki tonu te hoki tukuna o te hinu i roto i te awa ki i te rokiroki pressurized wai. mäminga Oil te i te mata ki te pūnaha kaipuke ipu. Ka rite ki te kutētē wai whakataimaha whakakiia te tank.

kawea Transportation i roto i te tikanga o taraka rakau e kua herea ki te tüäpapa whakapā-kore.

Measures ki te tiaki i te taiao me ngā raruraru taiao

Kei tāpui Prirazlomnoe te tata ki te maha o ngā wāhi i āta tiakina. Na reira, ko te āhuatanga taiao o te hinu rite hāngai tonu.

Ahakoa te meka e ko te kaupapa he raupapa o whakamātautau, kua tono tonu kino taiao. Hei whakaiti kawea reira i roto i te maha o ngā mahi:

• i runga i nga whakaaro putorino horomanga wai tāuta, e tukua ake ki te 80% whakaiti i roto i te mate o te kararehe moana;
• iti rama mahi te po te nui taea ki te karo i tukinga ki nga manu e rere i te tūāpapa.

Tetahi o te mara hinu kore he ārai i te rauemi raw ringihia ana i roto i te ao. Kei te whakawhanakehia mara Prirazlomnoe tau-a tawhio, ara i roto i te po poara. Oil maringi hohoro whakakorea i roto i te rohe Arctic ko ngā taea - wahi o reira haere i roto i te huka. Taputapu mō te maringi whakautu ko tata 1000 km i te "Prirazlomnaya" i roto i te Murmansk. Kawe i te reira ki te wahi o te aituā me ngā āhuatanga huarere uaua.

mara Prirazlomnoe Ko te matatini nui-tech, e kei te tikanga tino matatau mō te kōhao, hanga, transportation o te hinu. He nui rawa hoki te ōhanga Russian tōna whanaketanga.