Miatlinskaya HPP: whakaahuatanga, hītori me te ngā meka

E pā ana Miatlinskaya HPP ki Sulanskomu hurihiko. Kei te teihana kei i runga i te awa o Sulak i Dagestan, e tata ana te kainga Miatli. He whakamahi i toru ngā mahi matua - ki te whakaputa hiko, he konrregulyatorom Chirkeyskaya HPP (Kei whakarunga), kai te wai i te awa ki roto i Makhachkala (whakapaipai o Dagestan). Station, whakaritea ki nga taonga maha o tenei momo, he iti i roto i te rahi, engari ahurei i roto i te hanganga me te matatini o te hanganga. Hei wāhanga o te ao hou, o te matatini pūngao katoa o Russia kei te toe langa i te teihana.

Tīmata o te mahi

I roto i te hanga Chirkeyskaya HPP whakakitea e me whakaritea te nui o te wai tukua, na i roto i 1973 i whakaritea e te reira ki te timata hanga o tetahi teihana. kawea mahi katoa i roto i roto i ngā āhuatanga uaua o te maunga. Ko te upoko tuatahi o te kaupapa te tohunga pai i runga i kikorangi whaea DA Shandalov, nana nei i mahue te whenua tata i muri i te tīmatanga o te mahi, i waho te kitenga pehea e Miatlinsky te mana te tipu e whakarewa.

Ko tino matatini te hītori o te hanganga o te teihana. I roto i te 1976, ka tīmata te totohutanga o te ara, i arahina ki te nekehanga i roto i te rōnaki me te ahua o te horo i runga i te taha matau o te awa, i reira nei nga rave rahi ngā o te teihana heke mai. Kua tamata tohunga ki fakatonutonu te āhuatanga ki te awhina o ngā hanganga engineering, engari kei te ora nei te mōrea o te tiango.

Whakawhiti hanga

Ki te whakarite i te haumaru o te wāhi i mua nei i kitea tetahi wahi e rua kiromita i raro i te whaea. hua ēnei huringa i roto i te fifi o te pūnaha katoa, ka mau te reira toku hanga ngaru tank (diameter: 25 m, hōhonu - 76 mita), te awakeri aukati (1700 mita), broaching avtotunnelya (1500 mita) i te taha ki maui.

tīaroaro inaki o te awa Sulak puta i 1980, i tukuna te rere o te wai i runga i te kauhanga aukati keria. ngā Hei whakahonore kaihanga te meka o te hanganga o ngā hanganga matatini anga whakarunga whaea i roto i tika te wa kotahi. A, no te oti tenei kua taukei hangarau hou ATE mahi raima, ka mau te whakakī tuatahi wahi i roto i 1983, i roto i te wā taua tū sboyka avtotunnelya. whakatuwheratia waka Vehicular i runga i te huarahi, me te piriti i roto i 1984.

rōnihi tuatahi

I roto i te 1985 ka anga reira te tāutanga o te kōwae tuatahi, ka mau te waipuke whakaritea o te awa ki wahi i te mutunga o te tau. whakarewahia Miatlinskaya HPP te wae waipēhi tuatahi i roto i Hakihea 1985, i roto i te marama o Hānuere 1986, ka hoatu e ia te nāianei ahumahi, i roto i te raumati i whakarewahia te teihana i te kōwae waipēhi tuarua, i ko te tīmatanga o te teihana kawenga tonu.

ki tonu awa hurihiko i runga ki te taumata āta whakamaheretia o 154 kiromita i te tau 1987. Puhake tank Miatlinskaya HPP kua he roa o e pā ana ki te 15 kiromita i te whanui o 300 mita, te hohonu o runga ki te 60 mita. Tihi i roto i te wahapū noho te rōrahi o 13.3 km. cc., me i te pae o e pā ana ki 14 m ^3, te kaha pai katoa o te rohe o 16.2 ki te 32.7 km. cu. Waste wai rere i roto i te hanganga, ko te 3000 m ³ / s i kawenga mōrahi. I roto i te hanga o te tank i raro i te waipuke patua 151 ha o whenua ahuwhenua.

Miatlinsky tipu kaha: he arotake

Whakaahuatanga o te hanganga o te teihana:

• Arch dam. Te hoahoa whakatinana i te teihana, ko tetahi o te ahurei, me te uaua. Meatlinskaya HPP Chirkey HPP Gunibskaya HPP - pāpuni kikorangi e toru anake i roto i te USSR hanga. Ko te tiketike o te whaea, ko te 86,5 mita, te roa o te 179 mita.
• Te paturaa i te kauhanga.
• Paturaa i tipu huringa i runga i nga pareparenga o te awa Sulak.
• Equalizing awa.
• Penstocks.
• E haere ana i te rerenga whaea aukati.

Miatlinskaya teihana āhua iti hurihiko, tona kaha ko 220 MW, tau hua tata 700 miriona KW / h. I eke ia ki runga ki e rua mīhini huri hiko hurihiko wai, te kaha o ia o nei ko 110 MW i te matenga o te wai o 46 mita ia te rua. whai wāhi teihana Engineering Institute "Lengidroproekt".

raruraru o kapohau wai

Miatlinsky tipu te mana i runga i te awa Sulak i 2014 kei roto i te tukanga o te hangaia anō. Mai te timatanga o te mahi ka reira mārama e runga i te matatahi o hohoro kapohau waipēhi kapiti, no te mea o nei hiahiatia tonu te hanga. e kore e mīhini huri hiko waipēhi tāuta i runga i te kounga rerekē i te ētahi atu mahi i runga i ētahi atu teihana, engari ko nga tikanga i roto i i noho ratou, tino, tere te wai ko te 46 mita ia tuarua, i te mea he aha e taea te ngāwari pakaru te mata.

I tua atu, e tika ana ki te titauraa pūngao nui haere Me whakatika te kaha te mana putanga. Hei wāhanga o te ao hou, whānui o te kamupene hainatia "RusHydro" hōtaka he kirimana ki te kaiwhakanao Austria Voith Hydro mo te supply me whakakapinga o te impellers o rua wae waipēhi.

hangaia anō

I roto i te 2015, kawea te hangaia anō o te mīhini huri hiko waipēhi tuatahi, i reira rite whakaritea i waho, i reira ko he whakakapinga o te impeller. Kei te rite rawa te reira ki whitu matatahi he nui haere te kaha (neke atu i te 2 toni i runga i rau ia), tae te taimaha o te wira whānui 128 taranata. Ki te whakarite i te raruraru-free mahi kua nui haere pūnaha e fakatonutonu pēhanga hinu o runga ki te 63 atmospheres (ko 40 atm.), Whakaaetia tenei taahiraa e ki te whakaiti i te nui o te hinu pau, ka whakapai ake mahi taiao. Ko te mehua tangohia whakarite he hua i roto i te aravihi, a i roto i te heke mai fafau atu mana.

Haunga hurihiko mīhini huri hiko wira, i reira ko he pūnaha mana whakakapinga, generator hiko cover tiaki me kapohau hurihiko. Power mīhini huri hiko nui haere ki te 113 MW. He mīhini huri hiko tuarua ko ki te haere i roto i te wāhanga kotahi o te hangaia anō, engari roa te mahi te.

mahi whakaritea

Ko te wahi i reira e pā ana te mana whakato Miatlinsky ki te whenua kohatu, me te awa Sulak maha "-feliliuaki" pera ki te whakahaere i te scan whakaritea, hanga, me te horoi o te hongere aukati he faufaa mo te mahi o te tipu mana hurihiko. kawea te mahi ārai i roto i kotahi nga toru tekau nga tau, i te mea te mea i tupu i roto i Oketopa 2016.

Mai i te teihana whakarewatanga kauhanga derivational kore maroke, tona teitei he 12 mita me te whanui o e pā ana ki te 15 mita, te roa o te 1.7 kiromita. Ki te tatau awakeri te wai e hiahiatia ana ki te heke ki te wai, me te faaineine i ki ara kuwaha, me te pūnaha paru, ka wāhanga tata, me te puta ki te awakeri riringi. Closures nui haere e te warou, tohu ratou he hanganga maha-ton i roto i te nekehanga i te mea taea anake ki te awhina o te hangarau.

tirohanga kauhanga whakahaeretia e te taiaho matawai me te tikanga tikanga - e kaimahi tirohanga. i kitea raruraru Global (kapiti, feāvaaki), a kahore e te matotoru o te makanga raima nukurau takahia i roto i te wahi kotahi. hiahiatia tonu hanga iti. Whakakī i angamaheni te raina wai - marumaru kuwaha tuwhera e 15 anake henimita, engari te mea nui ki te taranata o te wai ka timata ki te haere mai ki te pūnaha. Kei te mahi teie mahana Miatlinsky mana whakato tikanga.