Mark o rite - hei taunaha. , Tohu PCT National me tohu rite ao

i huaina hapori Modern te hapori kiritaki. Na kua nui haere te momo tini o taonga rite e kore i mua. I roto i na maha ngä rerekē me kiritaki ki ngāwari te tiki ngaro, me te tino uaua ki te hanga i te whiriwhiri tika me ki te hoko rite te mea e hiahia ana koe. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakanui i te taonga tino-kounga tiketike i te mano, mea whakaaro, ka whakawhanakehia e Mark o rite - he āhuatanga motuhake, tono nei ki te hua tona tākai ranei, a ka parau te kiritaki e Rite te hua ki te paerewa ā-motu te ao ranei.

Ka rite ki te kaiwhakanao e tango i te tohu o te rite?

Ka taea te whiwhi Kounga Mark rite te kaihanga i runga i te pūtake noa, me te kahore kore. Taki i te kounga o taonga e te Komihana Tiwhikete motuhake, i kawea i roto i te whakamātautau me te whakaū e te hua te hua ranei e ü ana ki te whakaritenga katoa e tika ana mo tenei rōpū o ngā hua. A, no te riro te whakamātautau kei ki ngā āhuatanga maha pūkete - i hangarau ki te kai e hanga ake nga hua. Tohu o te hanganga ture e taea e tūmatanui, ao, motu, ranei ara i āta hangaia mo te rōpū motuhake o taonga me ngā hua. Ko te aroaro o te tohu kounga tino haapuai whakawhirinaki kiritaki me, te mutunga, whai hua kaihanga katoa. Na reira, te nuinga o ngā kamupene me ngā rōpū whakahaere tohu tūao o te taonga, ara ki te kore te mea e tika ana.

kōrero

I roto i te rau tau XIX tamata kaihokohoko Russian ki te whakaora ki te marae emepaea nga taonga, rite ko reira tino pai. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakatutuki i tenei honore nui, kia ratou hua o te kounga teitei, me ka hoatu ai i te tohu motuhake - kaiwhakarato Kooti o tana Imperial Nui. I runga i te hua ka taea ki te hoatu i te tohu motu, te whakau e te mau titauraa teitei o te Hiha ia. I muri mai, ka puta mai he tohu kounga i roto i te Soviet Union - he whetū pentagonal, rite ki te ahua tangata. Tenei tohu o te tiwhikete rite, me te mana puta i roto i te tau 1967, whai reira te pai te kounga o te taonga hua tukuna e te Komihana Tiwhikete National mō te wā o tau ki runga ki te toru ranei. Ko te aroaro o nga whetu hiahiatia taea te kaiwhakanao ki te hanga i te 10% moni ki te utu, a ka rapu nga kamupene katoa ki te tiki ia. I roto i nga tau tata nei, ko te Soviet Union i arahina ki te meka e kore nga hua e whai rite me te kounga tohu, te kounga rite tiketike rite i roto i nga tau o mua.

PCT

I muri hinga te Soviet Union, mutu te tohu kounga o mua ki te hei e hāngai ana, ka whakakapi i te reira e te tohu motu hou o te rite. paerewa Kāwanatanga o production te tino whakaritea, ka tirohia e te mana e hāngai ana, me te kamupene. hoatu tohu PCT o rite (Rostest) Kei te anake i runga i aua hua, me ngā hua e kua mana i te Federal Agency mō Hangarau Ture ko Metrology o te Tāhuhu o Ahumahi me Energy o te Russian Federation, ranei te mana mātau. Rēhitatanga whakaputaina e te State Paerewa o te Russian Federation te maua e i te tohu, whakapumautia nei e te raihana motuhake. Ki te whakanohoia he tohu taua te runga i ngā hua, i raro i reira me tohu i te waehere ārepa o te tinana e puta te tiwhikete. Ka taea e koe te whakamahi i tēnei whakapakoko i roto i ngā pānuitanga, i runga i letterheads, i roto i te whakaahua o te taonga, me ētahi atu tohu PCT whakapūmau i te kiritaki te kounga tiketike o ngā hua hokona, e ü ana ki ngā ture kāwanatanga katoa me ngā whakaritenga ture tangohia i roto i te Russian Federation.

tohu Russian

Mai 1999, tū Russia kua whakataetae motu o kounga hua. whakaritea ana tēnei tohu te ki ngā rōpū rerekē o taonga, e noho i te wahi runga i roto i te whakataetae. rite tohu pentagonal i te pokapū o te i te mea he ahua o Mark o tiwhikete rite titiro te ekara-ahu rua. E toru nekehanga Russian waitohu - mo te mahi kounga taua, hangarau matatau me te hokohoko i nga taonga kounga teitei. whakaritea ana tēnei tohu e ki te whakahaere pai-kore, me te he mana pāpori. Hoki kaiwhakanao e kawemai taonga ke-hanga ki te mākete Russian mō te rima tau e atu ranei, i reira te mea he whakaingoatanga motuhake - hua kaiwhakarato ki te mākete Russian.

tohu kounga International

Tata whenua whakawhanakehia katoa i to ratou ake tapanga kounga, e whiwhi te kaiwhakanao, ki te katoa o nga paerewa motu me ngā whakaritenga i roto i te hanga o ratou hua hua ranei. whenua rerekē i rerekē ture, hei tauira, i reira he hua kai ranei taero e kua rāhuitia i te maha nga whenua, engari ka taea te whakamahi i roto i te tahi atu āhua. I roto i tenei take, ka taea e te taonga kia anake he tohu motu o tiwhikete rite, ki te tutuki te reira i te whakaritenga ao, ka taea te kaihanga whiwhi whakaaetanga mo te whakamahi o ngā pūāhua te ao rauiwi ranei.

tohu kounga Pākehā

Ko tētahi o te tino mōhiotia, me te whānui whakaaro ki hei te tohu CE - Conformite Europeenne, Te haapa'oraa i Pākehā. He mea nui ki te mau i roto i te ngakau e ai ta te tapanga hua o enei reta e kore e anake e nga taonga o te kounga teitei, engari e pā ana ki tona haumaru. Tenei tohu tohu e hāngai te hua ki te paerewa o te whakanao tangohia i roto i te Pākehā Union. Ko te taua pā ki ngā hua katoa kihai hangaia i roto i Europe, engari tomo te mākete Pākehā. Hoki taonga e no ki te rōpū o te taputapu hiko, me te hangarau, ka waiho i te ENEC tohu - Pākehā ngā tikanga māori Electrical Tiwhikete. Ko te aroaro o te tohu pērā i runga i te hua whakapūmau i te haumaru me te kounga teitei o te taputapu hiko. I roto i te UK, te tohu kounga ko te BSI pukapuka - British standarts MoE. Kei te whakaritea e ia ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere hua me mau a'oraa e pā ana ki te tohu tuatoru-rōpū. tohu TÜV - tohu tetahi o nga rōpū matamua i roto i Germany, tiwhikete te ngā taonga me ngā hua. Ka taea e tēnei tohu i hanga i roto i tetahi tae me ngā te momo o tapanga.

paerewa ISO

ISO, International Organization hoki Sertification - ko te whakahaere rauiwi ao whakatapua ki ngā paerewa. I hanga te reira i roto i te tau 1946 ki te whai wāhitanga tika o te Soviet Union, i roto i te tahi atu āhua 25. E taua te paerewa o tenei whakahaere rite ki te rōpū o taonga, tautukunga ki enei paerewa o te ao wakaae hua kounga teitei hua ranei, me te e mohio i roto i nga whenua maha huri noa i te ao. whakanohoia ISO tohu kei runga i te hua, tākai ranei tika i runga i te hua.

tohu kaiao

I roto i nga tau tata nei, he āwangawanga e pā ana ki te taiao te nuinga o te iwi, a maha te kōwhiringa o te hua ngā ranei hua te kiritaki tei runga i te wātea o etahi tohu e tohu taiao hua hoa. Ko te mōhiotia te nuinga o enei tohu - kia whakaaturia te wāhi i roto i matomato ranei ara pango me te ma. tikanga o tēnei icon e taea te hangarua te tākai. Pere, he tapatoru, te tikanga hoki tākai taiao - hangaruatanga ururua mo te whakamahi anō. Te tangata ki te kete tikanga tono a te kaiwhakanao ki te maka i te tākai i roto i te paru, kaua ki te waewae. Kei te tono tenei tapanga ki te momo o te taonga e kua tikanga ki te whakamahi i waho o te kāinga - he momo o wrappers, wrappers, me ētahi atu I roto i te whenua Kihi ko te tohu maha whakamahia e te kaiwhakanao hē - e taea te kitea i te reira i runga i te tākai o horoi paura kirīmi ranei. Te whakatakoto tohu i runga i enei hua e kore e noa kia tikanga.

He he he māka o nga taonga o te tetahi rōpū, tohu ratou te whakamahi. Hei tauira, reta Latin U i roto i te porohita huri noa te ao e whakamahia ana ki te rawea, kai kosher me Vegan tohu Camomile i hanga i roto i te tae matomato te whakamahia mō te tono ki te hua e e te tikanga anake mo rihi kaihuawhenua, a ka whakaatu e te hua kei kore kai huawhenua. Schematically unu rapeti ki te kupu kore whakamatauria i runga i te kararehe fokotu'u e kore i ngā kararehe whakahaeretia i roto i te whanaketanga o te hangarau. Taua tohu, e mau ana ngā mōhiohio nui ki te āwhina i kiritaki hanga he kōwhiringa i roto i te manakohia o te hua ngā hua ranei.

Ko te kaihanga e he whakaaetanga ki te whakamahi i te tapanga kounga, kua he painga nui i roto i te whakataetae. Mark o rite - ko reira he taurangi e, hanga he hoko, te kiritaki e kore tutuki i runga i te hanga o te kōeke iti e kore e meinga nga taonga hokona kino ki te hauora te taiao ranei.