Mātauranga tikanga tangata ako me tona mahi pāpori

haere ako Modern kua i roto i te maha o ngā wāhanga i roto i tona whanaketanga rite te pūtaiao. Ko tētahi o ratou ko mātauranga tikanga ako - te parau haapiiraa e kua toutou i raro ki te whakatoi mo take wä i roto i te USSR. Ko te take matua mō te taua he "ara tataramoa" ko te mea i tūmanakohia e ia ki te whakaaro i te tukanga mātauranga kore anake hei mahi o nahanaha te rongo tangata ki ngā whare ōkawa o te kāwanatanga me te hapori, engari ano hoki āhua kore-pütahitanga o nga āhuatanga, whakapapa, te taiao pāpori nohonga. I roto i tenei tikanga, ko te mātauranga tikanga tangata ako he whakaako whānui tata te i fakafekau'aki ki taua marau rite hinengaro, pāpori, psychiatry, hītori, iranga, me ētahi atu

Ki te whakaaro ki nga raruraru o te mātauranga kura, tenei te tikanga e kore e kia whakaaro te tūranga mātauranga o te kura rite tino i roto i te pā ana ki ētahi atu āhuatanga, ara ranei he kotahi (i reira ko te tahi mau whakapae). E ai ki ngā māngai o te aronga pūtaiao o te tūranga iti i roto i te whakatipu o te tākaro me te taiao whāinga - hapori, ko te hapu, te mentality o te iwi, ngā tikanga, me ngā whakapono, a tae noa tikanga makariri.

I runga i tenei tuhituhinga, tohe mātauranga tikanga tangata hinengaro, me te kaupapa e ki pai te whakatutuki kia tango i te whāinga o te mātauranga ki pūkete te whakatutukitanga o ngā sciences, te wahi, rite kī Ushinsky, "ako tinana, me te hinengaro" natula o te takitahi. I roto i te 20 - tau 30 o XX rautau i roto i te Soviet Union i hanga he kaiako katoa pūtaiao kura, tohunga tikanga, e fakamamafa'i te hiahia mo te huarahi integrated ki nga tikanga e o te mātauranga.

I roto i te māngai tino nui o tenei kura - Ushinsky, Sevostyanov, Uznadze. Ko te tino whānui e whakamahia ana i roto i te hapori pūtaiao, me te whakaako i whiwhi mātauranga tikanga ako Ushinsky. Ko ko te aha Ushinsky e whai wāhi i roto i te hanganga o te Soviet pūnaha o kaiwhakaako mātauranga, tae noa tapaea ki te hanga i kore noa te kaiwhakaako whakangungu pūtahi me aravihi, me tikanga tangata. Ko ia papu e e whakarite he huarahi taua te roha o te rohe o te kite tangata, me te māramatanga o te ao, me te, no reira, whai wāhi ki te hanganga o te tangata Soviet o te heke mai.

Ushinsky me mātauranga tikanga ako i whakapuakina ai te parau tumu o te whanaketanga-a tawhio katoa o te huru taata, e kore he nei nui ki te whakaako i te tangata ki te pānui i, tuhituhi me te tatau. he whakangungu-iu tetahi peheé, kia rite ki tohunga tikanga kaiako, ka taea e arahi ki te meka e tupu te iwi rawa unadapted ki nga tikanga o tere te huri mooni pāpori, a ko te kupu hei he "whakataimaha" i roto i te hanga o te hapori hou, e pā ana ki te kominiusi. I roto i te mahi, te auraa tenei e Me rite nga kaiako me te kaiako i roto i te ara taua rite ki te e taea ki te whakamahi i tetahi o nga meka o mooni mo mātauranga. Anake i roto i tenei take, ka taea e te pānga tonu i runga i te huru me mau mana'o o te whakatupuranga taitamariki o te kounga e tutuki.

tohu Soviet mātauranga tikanga ako i roto i konei kia ako āta koe te wheako ako matatau o Western Europe me ētahi atu whenua, engari e kore e kia tatou matapo tārua ratou, rite he reira iho e poka ki te whakaaro matua o te anthropologism ako.

anthropologism kouma i roto i te ako e ki whakaaro te huru pāpori, ahurea, hinengaro, hītori, me te tōrangapū katoa o te hanganga o te tuakiri e auroro ki tona whanaketanga i runga i te pūtake o ngā āhuatanga psycho-whaiaroaro o takitahi. Ui e pā ana ki te huinga o ngā wāhanga pāpori-ahurea, me te psycho-tinana i roto i te mātauranga, e whakaako anthropologism opua nei te reira ki te whakamahi rite te paearu te prirodosoobraznosti parau tumu, e te mea ki te whakakotahi roto i te maru te tukanga mātauranga ki te whakatutuki e rua nga pūtaiao māori me te humanities.