Me pēhea te ki te pānui i te kōeke o te parahi

A, no te korero e pā ana ki te mau huru whaiaro o te tangata, te whakamahi i te epithet o "parahi", te tikanga o ratou huru mana'o, he pai ai kaha, ranei mau pu, e kore te mea pera ngāwari ki te riro nei. Steel whakaaro ki te hanga roa, me te pono ngā tikanga, taputapu me patu. Na, e kore e taea te mahi i waho tenei whakarewa.

He aha te mea te reira - te parahi, me te pehea faikehekehe reira i te rino? Ko te rerekētanga matua i roto i poke, tino i roto ia ratou - waro. I roto i te tikanga ki te hoatu i te āhuatanga motuhake o tenei whakarewa i roto i te koranu e tapiritia ki te tahi atu wāhanga.

Kua whakaritea te taua kōeke o te maitai i roto i te whenua rerekē rerekē. Kia aroha mai, i roto i te taua mea nui ki te tauraro noa e kore e ano mai.

Puta noa i te rohe o te mua Soviet Union, me te haunga o nga āhua Baltic, whakamahia waehere ārepa rite ki nga paerewa kāwanatanga ngā mua. he taua whakamāramatanga o te kōeke o te maitai ko te tino watea, me te mārama, e pā ana te ahua ki te ihirangi ōrau o poke, me te reta - he āhuatanga matū.

māka Steel mania, i roto nei i reira he rino anake, me te waro, i huaina hanganga. tohu ratou ohie, Tuhinga 2, hei tauira. tikanga o tēnei e reira te waro 0.2%.

Kounga maitai-melé he whakawaehere rite, engari kitea te ōrau o te waro te rua tohu mamati taua St.08.

Ki te te whakamahia te whakarewa mo te hanga o oko, e ka whai ki te mahi i raro i te pēhanga teitei, ka ki ana whakaritenga motuhake. Ko rite te take ki te kounga maitai hanganga, mati-rua ōrau, engari i roto i te reta tapiritia "K" (hei tauira - St.12K).

E wehea atu tito metallurgical matatini ki ngā rōpū - mauhaa, hanga, te waikura, me te pera i runga i. Ia o ratou kua ona ake āhuatanga tohu, engari noa ko te ti'araa reta o huānga alloying pērā i nika (H), chromium (X), parahi (D), Tungsten (V), konupora (T), molybdenum (M), silicon ( C), konukurahina (K).

Kei te kitea hoki tikanga deoxidation i roto i te steels waehere. Ko te kupu, ko te "ata" tohua e te pukapuka SP, "āhua-patua" - PS me "koropupu" - KP.

steels patu i te tohu roa, e ngā rua reta me mati. Kia mahara te reira e, no te kore e whakaritea te ihirangi poke o iti iho i te i te hawhe ōrau o te tau. Ko te kupu, e te tikanga i te waehere 10 X2 M-W e kei te parahi 0.1% waro, 0.2% chromium me iti iho i te 1.5% molybdenum. He hoki te reta "W", e ai ta ia o te ihirangi Phosphate iti. Ki te utu i te reira "A", e mahi i te reira ki te whanariki. Enei tohu tohu te atu āhuatanga kounga.

tohu faaiopoiporaa maitai hanganga i te mutunga o te reta "L".

hiahiatia Constructional whakarewa ki te tukua iti, whakaata reira te reta "C" e tu ana i roto i te mua. Litera, tu i muri, ka mea āhuatanga atu (T - he wera whakakaha, K - mo te waikura resistance).

Whakatau i o steels e tika ana mō te hanga o taputapu, kawea e te pukapuka "Y", whakanohoia nei i muri i te ōrau mati-rua o te waro, hei tauira U8.

He hoki he kowiri tira. Rama, kia rite ki 08X18H10T titiro rite te KarereHuna uaua, engari i roto i te hono mo'oní ko te parau tumu taua rite mo te koranu alloys hanganga. e kore e tono te reira ki take motuhake i reira e whakaritea te reta i roto i te kororia o te tipu, no te te wa tuatahi ki te hongi i te whakarewa ki ngā āhuatanga motuhake.