Mita Distance i runga i te whenua. Methods mō te ine i te tawhiti

inenga Distance - tetahi o nga mahi tino taketake i roto i te geodesy. He huarahi rerekē o te ine i te tawhiti me te he maha nui o mea hangaia ki te kawe i roto i enei mahi. Ko te kupu, whakaaro tatou i tenei take i roto i te taipitopito atu.

tikanga inenga tawhiti Direct

Ki te hiahiatia ki te whakatau i te tawhiti ki te ahanoa i runga i te raina tika, me te he e wātea ana te wāhi mo te ako, mā te whakamahi i taua he pūrere ohie mō te ine i te tawhiti rite te rīpene maitai. Ko tōna roa - i kotahi tekau ki te rua tekau mita. Heoi taea te whakamahi i te reira taura waea ranei, ki te tohu ma, me te whero e rua tekau mita. A, no te hiahia koe ki te ine i whakamahia ngā pewa tawhito me te pai-mohiotia rua-mita whakawehenga rakau (maro) ranei, rite karanga ratou i te reira, "Kovylek". I te tahi taime te mea e tika ana ki te hanga inenga tuatahi tika āwhiwhiwhi. e te reira i tenei mā te ine i te kaupae tawhiti (e rua hikoinga o te tātai i te ruri rite tupu haunga 10 ranei 20 cm).

Ine tawhiti i runga i te whenua mamao

I roto i te take o te kimi i te ahanoa inenga i roto i te rārangi o te aroaro, engari i roto i te aroaro mau haafifiraa tōnoa, hanga i te reira uru tika taea ki te ahanoa (hei tauira ngā roto, awa, waimaori, awaawa, me ētahi atu) inenga tawhiti whakamahia tikanga mamao ataata, me te ake āta tikanga, mai i reira i reira e maha ngā momo:

1. inenga High-pū.
2. Iti inenga o nāianei āwhiwhiwhi ranei.

ngā te mua inenga i te tikanga o ngā pūrere motuhake, pērā i Finders optical ngā, telemeter hiko hiko ranei, te marama ranei Finders ngā taiaho, Finders ngā ultrasonic. Ko te momo tuarua ngā ine tikanga pērā i te āhuahanga ataata. Here me te faaotiraa o te tawhiti i te rahi koki o ngā, me te hanganga o te tapatoru rite hāngai, me te tikanga o te serifs hāngai maha atu tikanga āhuahanga. A feruri i te tahi o nga ara o tiketike-pū me inenga āwhiwhiwhi.

Ko te mita tawhiti whatu

E hiahiatia ana pinepine taua inenga o te tawhiti ki te mirimita e pātata ana i roto i te mahi noa. I muri i te katoa, kahore he tūruhi, kahore maramarama hōia e kore kawe nga taonga whānui, me te taimaha. Te nuinga e whakamahia ratou i roto i rūri ngaio, me te mahi hanga. Auau whakamahia ki te pūrere taua mo ine i te tawhiti hei rangefinder whatu. E nehenehe te reira e rua koki parallax tamau me te tāupe, me tohu pupuha ki theodolite tikanga.

E hanga inenga o poutū me te whakapae kakaho whanganga ia i te taumata tatū motuhake. Ko te tika o taua rangefinder inenga feunga nui, me te hapa e taea tae te uara o te 1: 2000. he iti Range inenga me moni ki anake i waenganui i te 20 me te ake ki te 200-300 mita.

rangefinder hiko me te taiaho

no te mita tawhiti hiko ki te pera-ka karanga pūrere momo hihiko, whakaaro te tika o te inenga e a taea whai i te hapa toharite i waenganui i 1.2 me te 2 mita. Ko enei whakaaro i te painga nui i runga i o ratou ritenga optical, rite pai mo te whakatau i te tawhiti i waenganui i te taonga neke. kia wae Tawhiti kia tātai ratou rite te mita me kiromita, na kei te maha ratou whakamahia i roto i te mau ana i roto i irirangi.

Ko te rangefinder taiaho, kua hangaia te reira ki te ine i kore e tino nui nga tawhiti, kua reira tika tiketike, me te he rawa kiato. Ko rawa pono hoki hou kawe tenei rīpene taiaho ruri. whanganga ēnei whakaaro i te tawhiti ki ngā i te tawhiti o te 20-30 mita me ki runga ki te 200 mita, ki te hapa e kore e neke atu i 2-2.5 mm i roa o.

ultrasonic Tawhiti Measurer

Tenei Ko tetahi o nga whakaaro tino ohie, me te hoa-kaiwhakamahi. He ngāwari, me te ohie i roto i te mahi i te reira, a pā ana ki te pūrere e taea te ine i te taunga koki o te rohe, me te wāhi motuhake hoatu i runga i te whenua. Otiia, motu ke i nga painga kitea he me ngā raruraru ia. Tuatahi, no te mea o te whānuitanga iti o ngā waeine ruri tawhiti i roto i tenei taputapu kia tatau anake i roto i inihi me mita - me i 0.3 ki te 20 mita. Hoki, kia paku puta ke ai te tika inenga, mai tei te tere tuku oro ki runga ki te kiato o te reo, kia rite ki te mea i mohiotia ai, e kore e taea e tamau. Heoi, tenei pūrere he tino tika hoki inenga nohopuku iti e kore e e rapua e pū tiketike.

tikanga āhuahanga mō te ine i tawhiti i te kanohi

Runga ake mahi ki te ara ngaio ki te ine i tawhiti. A aha ki te mahi i, ka te ringa he kahore mita tawhiti motuhake? Here mai ki te āwhina o te āhuahanga. Hei tauira, ki te ine i te whanui o te arai wai, he reira taea ki te hanga i runga i tona pēke e rua equilateral tapatoru, rite whakaaturia i roto i te hoahoa.

I roto i tenei take, he rite ki koki DE-BF te whanui awa AF taea hāngai ki te awhi, pepa tapawha o te pepa, me te tae noa ki te manga ōrite whiti. Here, kia ara ake i te raruraru.

Tonu ko reira taea ki te whanganga i te tawhiti ki te ūnga i roto i te faataupupuraa, te whakamahi i hoki te tikanga āhuahanga serifs tika hanga i te tapatoru tika ki akitu i runga i te ūnga, ka wehewehe i reira ki iu-rua. He he he tikanga o te whakatau i te whanui o te arai te whakamahi i te mata ohie o te tarutaru ranei te miro, ranei te ara ki te āwhina i hoatu ake te koromatua ...

Ko reira utu whakaaro tenei tikanga i roto i te taipitopito ake, mai te mea te māmā. I tīpakohia te taha ritenga o te arai te ahanoa papai (kia tino ki mohio te āwhiwhiwhi tona tiketike), kati kotahi kanohi me te piri te tūemi kua tīpakohia whakaarahia koromatua ringa. Na, i waho ara tou ringa, tata kanohi tuwhera, me te whakatuwhera kati. tahuri maihao ki pā ana ki te ahanoa i tīpakohia te oho ki te taha. I runga anō i te tiketike tata o te kaupapa, e pā ana ki te tini o mita te tuku ki te maihao kua oho whatu. whakanuia ana tēnei tawhiti e tekau, me te hua ko te whanui āwhiwhiwhi o te arai. I roto i tenei take, i te tangata ia puta mita tawhiti rite stereophotogramrnetrical.

tawhiti Geometric ine maha ara. He aha koe e korero e pā ana ki ia taipitopito, ka tangohia e te reira i te rota o te wā. Ko e āwhiwhiwhi ratou katoa, me he tika anake hoki ngā āhuatanga i reira ine pū ki mea e taea.