Mstislav Leopoldovich Rostropovich: biography, te utuafare, auaha

I teie mahana te ingoa o Mstislav Rostropovich - te ingoa o tetahi o nga rahi kaiwaiata mātauranga o te rau tau XX. Ia i kore anake te taranata ahurei mō te raveraa i, engari ko ia i he tangata o te parau tumu, ātete te kaupapa here o te pūnaha totalitarian o te USSR. I roto i taua i peia Rostropovich i te whenua. I roto i te hauauru, i hanga e ia he mahi o-ao te piha haapiiraa, i muri i nei hoki e ia ki tona whenua, te wahi kua hinga Communism.

tamarikitanga

I whanau kaiwhakahaere Future, me te whakatangi hero Mstislav Rostropovich i runga i Maehe 27 , 1927 i roto i te Baku. Ana mātua, me tīpuna nga kaiwaiata, na te heke mai o te tamaiti tautuhia noa i mua i whanau ia. I roto i te 1932-1937 gg. ako Rostropovich i te kura Gnessin i Moscow. Ko reira tetahi o te pai waiata whare mātauranga o te whenua.

Ki te tīmatanga o te whawhai i roto i te pane, ka anga te hōneatanga papatipu o civilians. eke ahau ki reira, a Rostropovich-tau 14-tau. i hono haurongo faatere ki te pa o Chkalov (Orenburg). ka mate te hōneatanga papa o Mstislav, a ka te taiohi te de märena upoko o te utuafare. I te tau o ma rima ka anga ia ki te whakaako i te kura waiata rohe, me te kupu whangai te utuafare.

Na i reira nga mahi te tuatahi motuhake, e kua oti te tuhituhi Rostropovich. i tohua kaitito taitamariki haurongo i te hanganga o te rotarota mo te hero, piano concerto me talateu pē piana. I roto i te whawhai, ka te kaiwhakatangitangi i te toi hāereere. Kua whakamana ia ki te puoru, o te Maly Theatre, e mahi ana mahi e Tchaikovsky. hoatu hoki Rostropovich konohete i roto i ngā waeine, ngā hōhipera, ngā pokapū rohe hōia me pāmu.

hanganga

I roto i te 16 tau, ka tae te kaiwaiata pūmanawa i roto i te pane i te Moscow Conservatory, te wahi i timata ai ia ki te ako i te toi o te tākaro i te hero, me te tito pūkenga. tahuri tona kaiako purapura moenga Kozolup. ka kite tonu ia i te pūmanawa e huna i te Rostropovich. i taea kua haere Biography kaiwhakatangitangi rerekē, ki te kahore i puta ia i roto i te ringa Kozolupov tahuri, me te tono.

Ko te Conservatory Rostropovich tutaki ki Shostakovich ka whakakitea ia te kaute o tona ake concerto piano, a i mahi ai mo te mārama. mauruuru Dmitry nga tautooraa o te ākonga taitamariki, ka karangatia ia ki te whai wāhi takitahi ki te whakapai ake i ngā pūkenga o te hanga toi.

I muri mai, Heoi, Rostropovich a kihai te tito tona ake waiata. Ko ohie te take. A, no te ia te tuatahi i rongo te Eighth Symphony o Shostakovich i whakaputaina he mana'o nui ki runga ki a ia, faaoti hero, ki te wahia te plug i runga i tona kaitito heke mai, te ite e kore ia e tae i te taumata ariki. Mahalo ko te faarahiraa taitamariki tenei, engari riro tona whakatau Rostropovich. Kua whakamatauria Time i hanga e ia te whiriwhiri tika, no te mea mahara te ao katoa ia rite te toi ahurei, me te inimitable.

ahorangi

I roto i te 1945, i haere ia i te whakataetae katoa-Union muri mō kaiwaiata taitamariki. tohu ahau riro te reira Mstislav Rostropovich. Haurongo hero, tohua te tohu tuatahi, ahakoa ko ia i roto i tona ora tonu he tokomaha nui o ratou. Kua tukua tenei angitu haere tika nga ākonga tau-rua ki te tuarima. I roto i te 1950, i riro i te kaiwaiata taitamariki te whakataetae, ko Hanuš Wigan, puritia i roto i Prague.

I taua wa i ia puta kē i te Conservatory me paetahi kura. Rostropovich kua hohoro riro te Tūrongo me te kaiako faahiahia. 26 nga tau i mahi ai ia i te Moscow Conservatory me 7 tau - i roto i Leningrad. Hoki e toru tekau tau, ako Mstislav Rostropovich te rota o ngaio-ao te piha haapiiraa. I roto i a ratou Natalya Shahovskaya, Natalia Gutman, Iosif Feygelson Sergei Roldugin, Rawiri Geringas, Maris Villeruša Ivan Monighetti me pera i runga i .. tokomaha o enei ākonga i muri ka ratou ahorangi i te hunga pukenga waiata tino whaimana huri noa te ao.

auaha Rostropovich

He aha mahara te rite te tū Mstislav Rostropovich? whakatangihanga a te kaiwhakatangi ki te wāwāhi nui o mahi. Ka taea te wehea tona mahi ki e rua ngā rōpū. Tuatahi, ko reira te hero, Rostropovich (ensemblist me p∂p∂ himene), a tuarua - te kaiwhakahaere Tira pūoru, me te hei mahi. mohio tona taranata i hurinoa - mahi e pā ana ki 60 o nga kaitito pai o te ao kua tuhituhia rawa hoki Mstislava Leopoldovicha. tuatahi i mahi ia, nui atu i te kotahi rau nga mahi mo te hero, a hoatu tetahi upaupa 70 pirimia. Ka rite ki te pēne Rostropovich hanga i tona tuatahi i roto i 1957, ka i raro i tona arata'iraa i te Bolshoi Theatre i hokona i roto i "Eugene Onegin" e Tchaikovsky. Ko te angitu tangi tiori.

I roto i te wā Soviet o tona mahi, kua huri haere hero, Rostropovich puta noa i te Soviet Union. whakamana hoki ia rite te kaiwhakatangitangi ruma i roto i te ensemble ki Davidom Oystrahom me Svyatoslavom Rihterom. Wife, ka artist he kaiwaiata opera Galina Vishnevskaya. maha Rostropovich korero ki a ia i runga i te atamira kotahi, tahi tana wahine. I roto i te 1951, riro te taeae faatere te Stalin paraihe i te tau 1965 - Lenin, a i roto i 1966 ka Artist o nga tangata o te USSR.

tiaki Solzhenitsyn

Mstislav Rostropovich, nei whaiaro ora kua e pā ana ki te momo o hoa kihai i wehi ki te tiaki i a ratou i roto i te mua o te kāwanatanga totalitarian,, ara, ki te i ia ki te aituä tona tūranga. I roto i te 1969, maru kaitito i tona dacha kaituhi whakaraua Alexander Solzhenitsyn. E te wa i noho ia i roto i te mua te koero Khrushchev me te kāwanatanga Brezhnev tīmata ki te rereke te kaituhi o "Kotahi Day i te Ivana Denisovicha" me ētahi atu mahi rongonui o te puni.

Kaiwhakatangi, e kore anake kua hipokina i Solzhenitsyn, engari tuhituhi ano hoki i roto i te korero o tona pukapuka tuwhera, kua tonoa nei ki te nūpepa matua Soviet "Pravda". I muri i taua, fehangahangai te hero, Rostropovich i ki maha ngā wero. kihai i tukua e te mana ki a ia te mahi ki tā me'alea matua, me te kore i whakaaetia ki te mataitai i ki waho. ka anga ki te tau'a ore i te hero, te press. I roto i te meka, ka ia he i peia mo te kāwanatanga Soviet me te hoariri he aroha.

Life i roto i te USA

I roto i te 1974, Mstislav Rostropovich me tana wahine Galina Vishnevskaya, i peia i te USSR. I roto i te 1978, i tangohia e ratou o te raraunga Soviet. timata te hītori katoa o te opals nui kaiwhakatangitangi, he pukapuka tuwhera ki te "parau mau". Ahakoa i muri i te hinga o te Communism, me te hoki ki manapori Rostropovich Russia i roto i te uiuiraa, mea ia whakapono ia e ki te tohu i roto i te korero o te mea pai o Solzhenitsyn mahi i roto i toku ora, kia rite pehea houhia e ia te kaiwhakahaere ki tona hinengaro ake.

I muri ka mahue te Soviet Union, te kaiwhakatangitangi me tona utuafare noho te nuinga i roto i te United States. Ko ia te papa o rua tamahine. whanau Olga ko Elena Rostropovich i roto i te 50s a mahue tamariki to ratou fenua. I roto i te 1977-1994 gg. kaiwhakahaere arahina te Washington National Symphony Orchestra. Nga tau e wha takaro te kapa i te kōkuhutanga o te US peresideni. hoki whakamana Rostropovich wā i te konohete taurima whakatapua ki te 4 o Hōngongoi Independence Day. I tua atu, kua huri haere ia katoa i runga i te ao. I te aniraa i whakamana e ia ki tā me'alea matua i roto i France, Britain nui, Germany, Austria, Japan, me te pera i runga i. D.

whetu ao

Ko tōna huritau 60 Rostropovich tutaki i Washington. I roto i te 1987, i runga i te take o tenei rā i roto i te pane a US whakahaeretia te Tuatahi o te Ao Congress o cellists. Na ka hoatu e Ronald Reagan te faatere te tohu kāwanatanga teitei - i te Medal o Freedom. Rostropovich tae mai ara Kuini Elizabeth II.

Ko te kaiwhakatangitangi i te taha o te natura ruarangi te tangata, me te arearea. I roto i nga tau o te rongo Hāuna ki waho riro ia i te nui rahi o hoa tiketike-rangatira me i mohio. I tona huritau TĀNAKI ao katoa whiriwhiri waiata. Rostropovich nga hoa o Picasso, Chagall, Dali, Galich ko Brodsky. I roto i te 1994, ka kauwhautia te taeae faatere te whakamutunga o te mahi ki te Washington National Symphony Orchestra, puritia ia he konohete taurima rahi. ka tono pukapuka o whakawhetai Rostropovich katoa peresideni American, ki nei tutaki ia ki tona "tari": Carter, Reagan, Bush ko Clinton.

Kaiwhakatangi me Citizen

I roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru, ka rongonui Rostropovich rite te kaiwhakatangitangi hope e kore anake, engari ano hoki i rite te toa mō ngā tika tangata. pinepine i hoatu e ia kōnohete i roto i ngā rohe raruraru ngā o te ao. Hei tauira, i roto i 1989, takaro te maestro he suites whiranui Bach i te Berlin Wall. I roto i te 1974, i riro ia te tohu, whakawhiwhia ki a ia e te League o Tika Tangata.

Na, kua puta ke te āhuatanga i roto i te ao. I roto i te Soviet Union haere mai ki te kaha i te aratohu hou i runga i te ara o whakahounga. I roto i te 1990, whakakorea Mikhail Gorbachev te whakatau i runga i nei Rostropovich me Vishnevskaya tangohia o ngā tohu raraunga me te honore. Heoi, hiahia te kaiwhakatangitangi ki te noho "tangata o te ao." kihai i tangohia e whakahokia e ia tona raraunga Soviet me muri mai Russia. I roto i te 1991, ka tū te feruriraa hopea o te reactionaries pūnaha Soviet he putsch tukipoto, rawa i Paris Rostropovich rere ki Moscow, a piri te mano, te parururaa i te Whare White.

mahi tonu

I roto i te nineties me kore, tonu te kaiwaiata ki te tere. whakatangi Rostropovich whiranui i roto i nga pa nui huri noa i te ao. Ka rite ki te kaiwhakahaere, kua whakamana e ia ki te "Kuini o Hāwara" i roto i San Francisco, ki te "wahine marena hou a Tsar" - i roto i Monte Carlo, ki "Lady Macbeth" - i roto i Munich. kua kotahi ano tīmata te kaiwhakatangitangi ki te hoatu kōnohete i Russia. I te 1996 i mahi ia i te Bolshoi Theatre ki "Khovanshchina".

Rostropovich maha tuhia mō konohete irirangi. I roto i te 2003, riro ia tona tohu hou "Grammy". Tenei wa, i te kororia nui ia -. Hoki "te ora i roto i te pūkete", me "mahi faahiahia" ka Tapeke Mstislav te toa o rima nga wa "Grammy" tohu. Puta noa i tona mahi, tuhia fakaangá virtuosity, kare, te faaururaa, me te ataahua auheke o te maestro kēmu.

Pūtea me te hakari Rostropovich

Ka rite ki te kaiako o te kaiwhakahaere i roto i te 2004 whakatuwheratia te kura i roto i Valencia, te wahi whakaako teitei pūkenga puoro. Whakahaere hero, kitea pūkenga i roto i tona mahi tuutuu ore, me te hanga o te hakari hou. Taua mau ohipa tukua ki te whakatuwhera i ngā ingoa hou o taitamariki toi pūmanawa ki te ao. I teie mahana, te mahara o te kaiwhakatangitangi nui Rostropovich Festival e tuu nga tau.

Kaiwhakahaere ka peresideni o tona moni ake. haere ona moni ki te āwhina i ngā ākonga pūmanawa. Ngā mihi ki a ia, i roto i Russia reira nga karahipi hou me karaati mō kaiwaiata tamariki. ahu teie mahana papa mutunga Fund Music e Olga Mstislavovna Rostropovich.

rongoa Āwhina

Ka rite ki te philanthropist, ka rongonui hoki mo ona kaupapa o āwhina ki ngā pūtahi hauora o Russia Rostropovich. Tenei mahi whai wāhi, ka whai wāhi i roto i "aroha Rostropovich-Vishnevskaya Foundation." I teie mahana e ahu ai i te tamahine o te artist Elena Rostropovich.

I roto i te 2000, ka timata te whakahaere ki te whakatinana i tētahi hōtaka ki te patiaraa tamariki ki kakā B. I taua wa, ko reira te kaupapa i taua tuatahi mai te tiango Soviet.

mate

I roto i te 2006, ka puta te pāpāho mōhiohio e pā ana ki te ino o te hauora Mstislava Leopoldovicha. I pokanga te kaiwhakatangitangi, puritia i roto i Geneva, Switzerland. I roto i te Hakihea, falemahaki te kaiwhakahaere i muri i hoki mai ki a Moscow i Voronezh.

I te hōhipera, pau ia toru marama. I muri noa iho mahue i roto i Maehe, ka mea te maestro-tau 80 tau. mihi tona deservedly nga hoa tino rongonui toa waiata, kaitōrangapū, whika tūmatanui me hoa tawhito. I tū whakanui takekore i roto i te Moscow Kremlin. Aita i maoro roa te mauähara o ano Rostropovich huru. April 27, 2007, ka mate ia. I muri i te matenga o te pūrākau i roto i Moscow Rostropovich Music Festival e wahi katoa tau.

āhukahuka

Rostropovich ko he mema o te French Academy o Toi, te Academy o Pūtaiao me Toi, te Royal Academy o Music i Ingarangi, me ētahi atu I roto i te kaiwhakatangitangi neke atu i te 50 whare wānanga ka he orometua, a i roto i pinepine o nga pa a tawhio noa te ao - .. He tangata hōnore. whakawhiwhia France ia te Rihiona o Honor, me te Japan Association Art o whakanuia kaiwhakahaere auaha o te Imperial paraihe. kua hanga mana Ingarangi te kaiaka hōnore Rostropovich.

I roto i te US, riro te kaiwhakatangitangi te peresideniraa Medal, i Sweden - te Order "Polar Star". Katoa i roto i ona tohu āhua Kitty i i 29 whenua. I runga i te eve o te tau 80 o Rostropovich riro te tohu Russian "hoki Ratonga ki te tohu fatherland» ahau.