Ngā aituā me ngā maiki

whakaaro Papa ahakoa reira ko te puka haumaru o waka, aituā ki rererangi he nunu'a atu fakamamahi. Hoki taua mahinga āhuatanga e te maha nui o aituā, ngā kino te whakangaromanga ranei o te rererangi, he karanga tūmatanui me pāpāho whakarongo.

Whakarōpū o ngā aituā rangi

Whakaröpütia aituā me ngā maiki i te maha papa whenua. Wehewehe i waenganui i te whenua, me te rere aitua. Te whenua ko aua mahinga e puta i mua i muri i te whati ranei. ngā aituā rere Aviation - aua ati e kua e pā ana ki te mahi o te waka o ohipa rere oko.

I tua atu, i te tuku o te naianei, ngā aituā me mau ati. arata'i naianei ki te kino iti ki te rererangi, patunga me morehu ko reira. Ka karanga te raruraru te aituā, e kore entailing te mate o te ora, i roto i nei e tango i te rererangi kino nui ngaro ranei. I raro i te kino auraa aituā, e kua āhuatanga e:

• kino ki te rererangi kia ko öhanga kaore e taea ranei te hanga, te oti te whakangaromanga o te rererangi;
• mate o ngā pāhihi ranei te mau melo tāngata, me te iwi i roto i te hunga i runga i te poari, i roto i te 30 ra i muri i te kau o te raruraru.

Take o aituā

Ko te take tino noa o ngā aituā rererangi e pairati hapa, t. E. te take tangata. I roto i te 42% o ngā take mō te tahi atu mau tumu tupu aituā. He āhuatanga kino e whai ake:

• 58% o ngā mahinga e hua i te matenga o tetahi atu ranei ngā pāhihi ranei te mau melo tāngata, puta tika ana ki te hapa whakamätau.
• 22% o te wā e tika ana ki te kore toi fakamamahi.
• 12% o ngā aituā pūkete mō ngā āhuatanga huarere kino i roto i te rere.
• 9% o aituā tupu no te mea o te whakaeke kaiwhakatuma.
• 7% Ko te hapa o te rererangi kaimahi whenua.
• 1% o ngā aituā rererangi he tika ki te mana o te ahua rerekē o take.

Aituā me ngā maiki puta i whakapumautia take tangata i roto i te 29% o ngā take puta i te tāpiritanga, no te mea o te haapa'o warewaretanga ranei o kaiurungi, 16% mai i hapa meinga e ngā āhuatanga huarere kino, i roto i te 5% o ngā take te take o aituā riro taputapu whakakāhoretanga.

tikanga o te tūhuratanga o tukinga rangi

Ia ati poromu ki te rererangi i raro ki te arotake whakahauanga me te tātari. Ture o te tūhuratanga o ngā aituā rererangi me ngā maiki whai wāhi te whakatü tere o te rōpū whakautu tere, e ngā wāhi tohunga tika autaki ranei e pā ana ki tenei mara. I roto i te heke mai, tuku te mea ki te Komihana mo Tūhuratanga o te aituā ranei rererangi maiki i Russia, te Poari Transportation Safety National i roto i te United States atu ratonga ranei.

Tātaritanga o aituā me te mahinga tā te whai i ēnei:

• Rapu i te wāhanga matua e wha o te rererangi ki te whakatau tuki te waka rererangi ki te whenua, a wahia ake i roto i te rangi.
• Rapu me te whakarongo ki te tuhi rere.
• Tirohia a'oraa kaiurungi ki te dispatcher.
• pūrongo huarere Analysis.
• Kimihia ka kohikohi nga whatiwhatinga katoa o te manureva.
• Whakamatautau rite tauira o simulators taputapu.
• Analysis o nga kōnae whaiaro o te kaiurungi me te tautuhi o ngā āhuatanga hinengaro taea e tākiekina te meka o te kino.
• Taki pāhihi me te tuhinga utanga i roto i te tikanga ki te tutakina te whakau i te putanga o te whawhai ranei.
• morehu Poll me ite mata o te ati, te ohipa te mātakitaki ataata.
• tinana kairangahau mate.

Tatauranga o tukinga i te whenua

Tatauranga o ngā aituā ki rererangi metarahi i te tawhē nui te US-arahina. Ko te kupu, i 1945 ki te 2013 i roto i te United States tupu ake atu i te whitu rau ngā aituā ki aituā. tatauranga aituā mo te wā taua whakaatu e ko te maha o ngā matenga i roto i te tukinga o ngā pāhihi me ngā mema o tāngata tekau me te hawhe mano iwi.

Kei Russia i roto i te tatauranga pouri kei runga i te raina tuarua. Ko te tekau whenua runga rite ki te maha o ngā aituā me fakatamaki ngā ano Canada, Brazil, Colombia, United Kingdom, France, India, Indonesia ko Mexico. US mata nui i runga i ētahi atu whenua i roto i te rangatira e tika ana ki te meka i kiia te wahi o US mo 28% o rerenga o rererangi ā-i roto i te ao.

tūtukitanga nui i roto i Russia

He kua aituā nui i runga i te rohe o Russia. Ko te tino nanakia i runga i te maha o patunga o te ati, ko te kopuratanga o te Tu-154, e mau ana i roto i rere i runga i te ara Krasnodar-Novosibirsk roto Omsk, i te rererangi ki toru waka e pā ana i runga i te runway i roto i 1984. I whakangaromia e te rererangi aituā, i roto o 179 iwi nei i runga i te waka rererangi, e rima anake ora.

karanga ētahi puna te nui rawa i roto i Russia kino rohe maiki atu te motu o Sakhalin i 1983. I muri maumaui e rua o te rohe Soviet i koperea iho he Tonga Korean Boeing 747. Ko te takoha te mate 269 iwi.

Te kino nui i roto i te USSR

Accidents USSR i te rau atu ranei e mate e toru anake ngā take i roto i te hītori o te rererangi Soviet. Ko te ohipa nui ko te hinga o te Tu-154 tata Uchkuduk, i runga i te rohe o Uzbekistan. mahi ia eke te rere pāhihi i Karshi-Ufa-Leningrad, engari i muri i wha-ono meneti i muri i takeoff, ngaro te kaipuke mana, a haere ana ki roto ki te kaiahuwhenua. Ko te take o te raruraru fakamamahi mahi rite te hapa mana. E ai ki tetahi atu putanga o te wā paerata era kua whati. Patua e rua rau iwi i runga i te poari.

Mahuru 11, 2001 whakaeke kaiwhakatuma i roto i te US

Ko te rua nui rawa o te tau o ngā aituā i roto i te ao, he patunga o ngā mahinga Flight 11 Boston - Los Angeles me 175 Logan - Los Angeles, e kua riro i hoto, ka tono tangata ki nga pourewa World Trade Center ki te rerekētanga o 17 meneti. I roto i te rererangi tuatahi (Boeing 767-223ER) ko 92 pāhihi, kaiurungi me katipa rere, tae atu 5 tahae, i roto i te tuarua - 65 iwi, tae atu hoki i 5 tahae. Ka rite ki te hua o te tūtakitanga tuatahi i roto i te katoa i patua e pā ana ki 1692 iwi (pāhihi me te waka o te waka rererangi, te kohuru, te iwi nei i roto i te World Trade Center me faaora) tonu, i muri i te rua o nga patunga i pā ana ki 965 iwi.

Tenerife rererangi kino

tupu tetahi aituā nui i te mutunga o Maehe 1977 i roto i te Motu, kātahi. I runga i te runway tūpono rua "Boeing", rere i Amsterdam - Las Palmas ko Los Angeles - Las Palmas roto New York. Ko te take e pā ana o te tūhuratanga aituā mohio te hapa hē whakahau Kaiwhakahaere me te waka. patua te aituā 583 iwi.

Disaster Boeing 747 i Tokyo

I roto i te 1985, aituā, i kō atu e te kaupapa fakamamahi e tangohia e wahi i roto i Tokyo. Ko te waka rererangi e mau ana i te ā-Osaka Tokyo-rere, ngaro hiku stabilizer ma rua meneti i muri i tango-atu, ai te mana ngaro, ka tuki ki te maunga i roto i Japan, 112 kiromita i te whakapaipai.

O te iwi 524 te hunga i runga i te poari, e wha anake ora. kihai i tokomaha ngā pāhihi mate i te wa o te pānga, me i te whenua - i te hauhauaitu me whara. Mahalo, ki te i tae tokoni mua (kitea wha morehu i muri i ma wha haora i muri i te tūtukitanga), etahi o ratou i taea kua ora.

Charkhi Dadri waenganui-rangi tutukinga

Ko te tuatahi i roto i te maha o patunga i roto i te tukinga o te waka rererangi i roto i te kino rangi - te parariraa o te Air Boeing 747-168B Hauti Arapia Airlines me Air Kazakhstan oko rererangi. puta te ohipa i roto i te rangi i runga i te pa Indian Charkhi Dadra. patua te tūtukitanga 349 iwi runga rererangi e rua. I roto i nga patunga o te aituā, tae atu tangata o India, Nepal, Hauti Arapia, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, te USA, Pakistan, Bangladesh, me te UK (mā te whakaiti i te maha o aituā).

Ko te take o te aituā te kōmihana mōhiohio mohio nga āhuatanga e whai ake nei:

• mōhiotanga rawakore o te kaimahi rere Ingarihi me kaiurungi o rererangi;
• kore o te pūkenga o kaiurungi me kaumoana o te mahi ta'efakafiemālie o mau ohipa;
• kore o te faahitiraa parau paerewa ngaio mō ngā kaiurungi;
• te aroaro o anake te kauhanga roa kotahi mō faarevaraa e me ngā taunga;
• kahore hihiani i te rererangi i roto i Delhi India.

tūtukitanga Turkish Air tata Paris

tupu te kino ki runga ki Paris i te timatanga o Maehe 1973. Airliner Turkish Air rere i Istanbul ki Rānana mā Paris, i te wahanga o ono meneti i muri i te manureva i te tatau wehenga utanga. ngaro te rererangi mana, a whatiwhatiia ana e ia te taka ki whatiwhatinga iti. Patu katoa runga, arā, 334 pāhihi me ma rua mema o kaumoana.

Ko te whawhai kaiwhakatuma i runga i te Atlantic Ocean

mahi kaiwhakatuma e tangohia e wahi i roto i 1985 i runga i te Atlantic Ocean, kī te ora o 329 iwi. puta Plane tūtukitanga i roto i nga wai te ao, ka whawhati te manureva ki mongamonga rite ki te hua o te pahūtanga i roto i te mau utanga. Te kawenga mō te aituā kua riro noa e toru ngā rōpū extremist i roto i te Hau Amui no Marite, me Canada.

Kino Hauti Arapi Airlines i Riyadh

I roto i te 1980, rere Hauti Arapia Airlines rererangi te ara Karachi - Riyadh - Jeddah. He meneti torutoru i muri tango-atu i runga i te poari tupu te ahi. Ko te waka o te rererangi i taea ki te hanga i te taunga ohorere, engari anga mahi faaora rua tekau-toru anake meneti i muri i te taunga. i taea ki te whakatuwhera i te tatau, me te tīmata i te hōneatanga Haere Flight, me ngā ratonga rererangi hiahiatia wa ki te kōmaka i te tohutohu e tika ana i roto i te reo Ingarihi. Ka rite ki te hua o te roa, 287 katoa ngā pāhihi me ngā mema o te tāngata i patua, me te tekau ma wha.

Ko te ati o Donetsk i 2014

Nui tūtukitanga senekele rua tekau-tuatahi i roto i te mua Soviet Union ka mau wahi i roto i te raumati o 2014 i runga i te rohe o te pakanga patu i waenganui i ngā hōia a te kāwanatanga, me te ope o nga People o Donetsk Republic. "Boeing" 777, rere i Amsterdam - Kuala Lumpur (te whakapaipai o Malaysia), i patua e te "Book" o te anti-rererangi matatini whaiaro-tīhokatia. I uaua te mahi Rapu me te hōparatanga ki te raruraru i te meka e te rohe i reira tuki te waka rererangi, i waenganui o rua akina.

Ka rite ki te hua o te kino i patua 298 iwi. ka mau Reis painga o te waha kōrero mo te Health Organization World, he toofa i te Rōpū Reipa o te Netherlands, kaituhi Ahitereiria, nga kaiuru o te International AIDS Society. meinga te ohipa i te take nui o aukati hou ki Russia, uesia reira nga kuputohu kararehe me te kaihau o te kamupene Malaysia Airlines.

Kino utanga AN-32 i roto i Zaire

Top tekau Accident kati take utanga AN-32, i tangohia e wahi i roto i Zaire. Kāore i taea ki te ara ki te rangi te manureva, a tuki ki te mākete i he tata rawa ki te runway. Ka rite ki te hua o te aituā patua te mīhini, ko wai i runga i te manureva, me 297 iwi i runga i te whenua, i roto ia ratou matua wahine me te tamariki. i taea e ki te tāutu i i roto i te hunga mate 66 anake te iwi.