Nikolaus Harnoncourt - kaiwhakahaere, hero,, philosopho me musicologist. Biography, ngā meka auaha, me te ngā

I roto i nga ra wawe o te puna 2016 haere atu te hero, Austria rahi, musicologist me te pēne Nikolaus Harnoncourt. Ngāue fāitaha mo tā me'alea nui i roto i Europe, kitea ia wa ki te popularize kaimahi tūturu, me te whakaako i te ao-rongonui Salzburg Mozarteum Conservatory. Hoki ana ratonga ka mau Harnoncourt i 2010 i roto i te wahi te rima i roto i te whakatauranga o te conductors faahiahia o te wā katoa, haaputuhia e te makasini BBC Music Magazine. I tua atu, ko te ingoa o te kaiwhakatangitangi ake tomo te Hall o Rongonui o te Ingarangi makasini waiata puāwaitanga pāpuoru.

Ko te hapu o te kaiwhakahaere heke mai

Nikolaus Harnoncourt (Nikolaus Harnoncourt) - kaiwhakahaere, ka he kōrero i roto i tona oranga tona ingoa. puta ia ki te marama i roto i Berlin i te tau 1929 ki te whānau e no ki te utuafare kahurangi pai. Mai i whanau, kakahu te kaiwhakatangitangi te taitara o te Kaute, ko tona ingoa tonu Johann Nikolaus de La Fonteyn d'Arnonkur-Unfertsagt. Ko tona whaea, te Countess Ladislaya von Meran, te mootua tamahine o Archduke Johann o Austria, i whanau nei i roto i Emperor Leopold II marena a Marii Luizy o Spain.

ka karanga a Matua Nikolaus Eberhard de La Fonteyn d'Arnonkur-Unfertsagtom. kakahu e ia te taitara o te Kaute a ko te Māori o tahito ahua Luxembourg Lorraine. Nga tupuna o tona tipuna kuia Julia Mittrovskoy noho i roto i te Czech Republic. Mai tamarikitanga, hiahia Eberhard ki te riro i te kaiwhakatangitangi, engari takoha te pai ai o whakarau i ki te tiki i te mātauranga kolisí. I muri i tu'ite, oho ia i Vienna ki Berlin, a ka he mahi rite te hanga metarahi. Here ka tango ia ia Countess von Meran, e whanau i muri e rima ngā tamariki ia. I tua atu i enei, i Eberhard i rua uri i tona faaipoiporaa tuatahi.

Passion mō te tākaro i te whiranui

A, no te, i roto i te 1933, ki te kaha i roto i Germany, ka haere Hitler, oho te Harnoncourt whānau i tonu kaha ki Graz, te wahi i reira ko te whenua whānau Ladislav. I muri noa iho nga Anschluss o Austria, i te 1939, i nationalized ratou taonga, me nga mau haamaitairaa katoa e kua fiefia roa aristocrats tīpakohia. Ahakoa nga wa pakeke, ki o ratou tamariki, me Eberhard Ladislaya tupu i roto i te aroha, me te tiaki. i whakaakona katoa o ratou ki te tākaro waiata, engari i muri ka he kaiwhakatangitangi anake Nikolaus Harnoncourt. Fira Pūtātaki aroha mai tamarikitanga, me te kore i hiahia ki te wehewehea ki reira i raro i tetahi tikanga. Ko tētahi o ana tuakana, a Piripi, ka whiriwhiria e karakia waiata a meinga ana ia hei teolosia Katorika, ko te tuarua, France, kua i te mahi taiea rite te rōia.

Te whakarite o te mātauranga, te mahi Philharmonic

I muri i te whawhai, ka tomo Nikolaus te Vienna Conservatory, te wahi puta ia i roto i te 1952. Ka rite ki te ākonga, roaa te kaiwhakahaere heke mai te tākaro i te fira i roto i te upaupa o te Vienna State Opera. I puta ia i te kaiwhakatangitangi-tau 23-tau Conservatory tuhia upoko o te Moscow Philharmonic Orchestra, Herbert von Karajan me fakafo'ituitui karangatia ahau ki te mahi. taea te huaina te reira i te angitu tūturu, no te mea ki te riro i te hero, i roto i te Vienna Philharmonic i tino uaua. i muri haamana'o Arnonkur Nikolaus e tona wahi i roto i te upaupa kī 40 iwi, engari pai Karajan tona mārōrō te, a tangohia ana e ia a reira i roto o te whakataetae.

Mahi i roto i te Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra kawea Harnoncourt moni totoka, ngā tour huri noa te ao, te whai wāhitanga auau i roto i te hakari Salzburg whaimana, te faatura, me te honore. Heoi, ki te karanga i tenei wā i roto i te ora o Nikolaus kore e taea e tino māmā. Karajan, e fakatāutaha karangatia te hero, pūmanawa ki tona upaupa, i hohoro whakaaro reira ki te taha, ka anga ki te whakahaere i roto i te pā ana ki a ia he kaupapa here o te whakatoi nahanaha. mutu te reira i anake i roto i te 1969, ka rihaina Harnoncourt-tau 40-tau i te upaupa, a ka anga ki te whakatū i te mahi pēne.

Marriage, he tamariki

I roto i te tau 1953, i te kaiwhakahaere Austria Nikolaus Harnoncourt, tona mahi e hipoki i roto i tenei whakaputanga, moea e vaiolini Alice Hoffelner, e ako tahi ia i te Conservatory. I roto i te 1954 i te tamahine, Elizabeth, e riro i muri mai i te kaiwaiata opera rongonui te tokorua. Kia marenatia, ka tango ia ingoa tana tahu a von Magnus. I muri whanau tana tamahine i roto i Harnoncourt 3 tama. noho Young utuafare i roto i te whare nui kei roto i nga māeroero Austria.

Te hanga koutou ake ensemble

Na roto i te tau 25 i te Nikolausa Arnonkura ko he mahi whaimana, he wahine kanga, he whare pai. e mea he e taea e koe te wātea, me te pārekareka ki te ora. Heoi, kihai i haere i te hero, ki te mutu i reira. I roto i te 1953 riro ia Viola de Gumbo - he Baroque string taputapu tawhito, haamana'oraa o te hero. Ka ako ki te tākaro i te reira, Nikolaus hokona etahi mea atu tawhito, i muri nei, tahi ki tana wahine, me te torutoru hoa whakaturia te ensemble Concentus Musicus Wien. Hanga e te kapa motuhake i roto i te mahi tūturu o mahi puāwaitanga o ngā rau tau XVI-XVIII. Ko reira ensemble tuatahi o te ao, ngā o te kainga tupu waiata o te wā Baroque nei wāwāhi. ka mau ana taupupu mō te 20 tau wahi i roto i te piha ora i Harnoncourt kāinga. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakaputa uri tino tika te reo o te waiata tawhito, i te mau melo o te pēne ki te noho i te rota o te wā tūhura i te nui nui o tatau.

rongonui pāriha

kihai i māia i roto i te angitu o to koutou kaupapa Nikolaus Harnoncourt, na te whakatakanga ngā ki te mahi o te Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra. Heoi, ki tona ohorere, ka rongonui i roto i te hunga i aroha toi auaha Concentus Musicus Wien, timata kaiwaiata he wā o whakaaturanga kaha me haere. Te riroraa i runga i te ngaru o te angitu, te mutunga te whitiki ki te kamupene German Telefunken kirimana moni rongonui, me te i roto i te 15 tau, rau o ngā pūkete o mahi waiata o te wā Baroque. Here a Tuhinga Purcell ko Bach sonatas, opera me Rameau koroheke, me Monteverdi.

Tīmata mahi o kaiwhakahaere

anga mahi i roto i te ensemble ki te tango i roto i Harnoncourt kia roa e kore ia i taea ngā reira ki ngā mahi i roto i te upaupa. Fuel ki te ahi ringihia nga pakanga tamau ki Karajan. Mai pinepine mahi te kaiwhakatangitangi 60raa mutunga 'ki tona ensemble rite te kaiwhakahaere, me te kore i kite i te wāhi ki te waiho i te whiranui noa. I muri ka mahue i te kapa Karajan, tīmata ia ki te whakahaere ki a Concentus Musicus Wien kore anake. I roto i te 1970, Harnoncourt tīrama tataki te puoru, i te opera "te hoki o Ulysses ki tona kāinga" i te rongonui Teatro alla Scala. I muri i tenei whakaaturanga, i aroha toi, ka reira mārama e tahuna te pae waiata he whetu hou me te ingoa reira - Arnonkur Nikolaus.

Harnoncourt mahi auaha i roto i te pakeke

Kaiwhakahaere mō te rua tekau tau i mahi tahi ki te harpsichordist Tatimana Gustav Leonhardt. Ka rite ki te hua o tenei mahi tahi, i taea ki te tuhi i te huringa oti o cantatas a Bach, e ngā neke atu i te 200 mahi nga kaiwaiata. I roto i te mutunga o 80-doma o te kaiwhakahaere Austria arahina Arnonkur Nikolaus te puoru, i roto i te whare opera pai i roto i te ao. I roto i te tika 4 tau (1987 ki te 1991) i taea ki te tuhituhi i te katoa ia mahi e Beethoven, Schubert ko Mozart, ki te hoatu i te rave rahi opera Vienna Theatre. Kua mahi te kaiwhakatangitangi ki te tā me'alea Philharmonic o Berlin, Vienna me Amsterdam, whakamana tahi me taua piana pūmanawa rite Lang Lang me Friedrich Gulda. I roto i nga tau o muri mai, kua whakawhānuitia te wāwāhi Harnoncourt. Na roto i te mutunga o tona ora, te whakahaere ia ki te hoatu tata nga mahi katoa i whakaohokia tona moni. Kua whakamana te kaiwhakahaere ki te tito waiata e Haydn, Vivaldi, Hanitelí, Schumann, Mendelssohn, Offenbach, Wagner, Dvorak, Brahms me ētahi atu waiata. I tua atu ki te whakahaerenga, ka kitea e ia wa ki te whakaako i te Mozarteum Conservatory, ko tākuta hōnore o nei i 2008

Nikolaus Harnoncourt: pukapuka, pukapuka me tohu

Tīkina maheni ki te mahi o Harnoncourt tenei ra e taea e tika ana ki tona pukaemi. he uaua ratou tau ki te hoatu i roto i te rarangi. He nui o te album tukua te tahi ki te ensemble Concentus Musicus Wien, te rangatira motuhake o i ko te kaiwhakahaere te wa roa.

no Harnoncourt Kaituhitanga ki maha tuhinga musicological whakaputaina i roto i te maha whakaputanga waiata whaimana. Pānuitia te tuhinga o te kaiwhakahaere rongonui taea e i roto i te pukapuka "aku to'ume'á o Bach, Mozart, Monteverdi," whakaputaina i roto i te Russian i 2005.

Hoki whakatutukitanga tino i roto i te toi o Nikolaus Harnoncourt toutou whakawhiwhia taonga whaimana. I roto i te 1997, mo te whakatairanga o puāwaitanga kaiwhakahaere waiata Robert Schumann paraihe i whakawhiwhia. I roto i te mahi i muri tuhia Harnoncourt te tohu "Grammy" me "Kyoto", me te te mētara Leipzig Bach.

Care o toi me te mate

Harnoncourt ako whakahaere ki te koroheketanga. I roto i te 85 tau, noho ia itoito, ki tonu i te pūngao me te faaururaa. tukua huru tinana pai ia ki te tu i te hōtaka konohete kaha, me te whakarongo ki runga ki te wahi o ngā kairīpoata me i aroha toi. e kore Harnoncourt i whakamahere ki te putere, a ia he maha mahere mo te heke mai. Otiia ka mau tau ana, ko Hakihea 15, hanga 2015 Pūtātaki te tauākī e pā ana i runga i te otinga o tona mahi. Ko te take mo te taua whakatau ohorere hoki tokomaha ko te ino o tona hauora rite ki te hua o te mate nui.

mate Harnoncourt March 5, 2016 i roto i te pa Austria o St. Georgen im Attergau. I roto i te mau taime whakamutunga o tona ora ki a ia ko tana wahine, tamariki, me mau mootua. kaiwhakahaere nui me te kaiwhakatangitangi, kua 86 nga tau i ora ai a. Ko nui rongonui o Harnoncourt i te ao, e o korerotia e takere katoa nui pouaka whakaata, reo irirangi me te nūpepa o te ao tona matenga. mutu te ngakau o te kaiwhakahaere tino whiu, engari ka noho ake i tona waiata i roto i te recordings, taea whakatupuranga angitu ki te oaoa i te ataahua o te waiata puāwaitanga i roto i te mahi tūturu.