Overview o CentOS 7: tāutanga, āhuatanga whakaritenga me tūtohutanga

He tokomaha e kore e mōhio i ngā ratonga katoa me ngā ratonga e whakamahi tatou i runga i te tukutuku, i runga i rite te taua rorohiko e mahi i roto i to tatou mau fare, engari whakaturia tino rerekē, e kore e taea e whakamanamana i te atanga kauwhata ataahua, me te whakahaere e te kapa i whakatapua. Enei rorohiko Ko huaina tūmau. E mōhio te iwi, o te akoranga, e matau ana pehea ki te rangi, me te "ara" tou tūmau ake. Hoki te hunga e e hou i roto i tenei mahi, e hiahia ana koe ki te kaukau i neke atu i te kotahi forum, ki te mutunga noho. Ko etahi Kotahi te mea: ki te whakatika i te iti-utu me te tūmau pūmau, me tīpako koe i te taua iti-utu, me te pūtake pūmau, ara te pūnaha whakahaere e hāngai ana i runga i Linux. taka te kōwhiringa o te nuinga i runga i CentOS 7. kohia tēnei rauemi ko te whakarāpopototanga o te pehea, ki te tāuta CentOS 7 me te hanga i runga i tona pūtake i te tūmau taketake.

He aha te mea CentOS?

CentOS - he tohatoha Linux, te painga matua o e ko te pūmautanga. Tenei pūnaha, rite te whakataetae tata Fedora, i hanga i te waehere pūtake o tuwha Red Hat Linux utua. Te whakamutunga, i roto i te tahuri, ko te taputapu pai hoki kaiwhakahaere pūnaha e rapua e predictability, mahi pūmau, me te mahi watea.

e kore e taea e CentOS whakamanamana o nga putanga hou o pōkai, i roto i te rerekē ki te taua Fedora, engari he anake te hari katoa kaiwhakahaere pūnaha ka "taka" Fedora tetahi tohatoha āhua hou ki ona mōkihi hou ranei, a ka haere tonu CentOS ki te mahi i roto i te rangimarie, ahakoa o huru. Tēnei rauemi whakaahua ana poto te tukanga o te whakatikatikanga, me te whakanoho CentOS 7, nga āhuatanga matua o te pūnaha, me te taiao mahi.

Tikiake CentOS 7

I mua i te tāuta CentOS 7, me tikiake koe te tohatoha pūnaha whakahaere i runga i te paetukutuku mōhiohio.

He maha ngā kōwhiringa whawhai:

• ISO-kōnae ki te tuhituhi ki te kōpae - pai mo te nuinga o te pūnaha oti, me te atanga kaiwhakamahi whakairoiro;
• ISO-kōnae ki te tāuta i te kōpae mārō, me te USB-rakau - te huinga oti te nuinga o pōkai;
• ISO ki te rere iti - kei anake te pūnaha turanga whakahaere ki te huinga iti o pōkai me kahore gui (tenei putanga o te tohatoha he kahore raruraru ki "ara" te tūmau, kahore tāuta tetahi anō).

I roto i te "ora" image kōpae e rua, ka taea e kitea e koe ngā kōnae whawhai ki taiao e rua rerekē papamahi (KDE me pōtekiteki). He pai hoki te hunga e hiahia ana ki te tamata i roto i te pūnaha i roto i te tāutanga ki te kōpae mārō ēnei whakapakoko.

Tāuta CentOS 7

Ahakoa, ki te tīpako koe i te whakapakoko iti CentOS 7 Ka whakamahi i te gui ki te tāuta i te pūnaha i runga i te puku mārō.

e tenei tukanga wahi i roto i te 6 kaupae taketake:

• te rā me te wā - i tenei wā, tika tīpako koutou rohe wa, a ka kia te kī aunoa wā.
• Tautuhi i te tahora reo me te papapātuhi - koe me whiriwhiri tetahi reo tuatahi, me te kotahi kōwhiringa, ka tautuhi i te tahora papapātuhi tika mo ratou.
• tāutanga Pūtake - i tenei wā e kore koutou e taea e te huri tetahi mea, na ka tangohia nga kōnae tāutanga i te pūnaha kawe.
• Pūmanawa ki te tāuta - i tenei wā e hiahia ana koe ki te tīpako i te mōkihi iti, rite hiahia tatou ki te tohatoha i te tūmau, kahore te papamahi me te atanga kauwhata.
• tauwāhi Tāuta - I tenei wā tīpako i te puku mārō i runga i nei ka kia tāuta, me te tautohu.
• Tautuhinga Ipurangi - konei e hiahia ana koe ki te tomo raraunga e pā ana ki te hononga whatunga.

I muri i te kupu whakataki o te raraunga ka hiahia ki te hanga i ngā kōtaha kaiwhakamahi, me te tautuhi i te kupuhipa Root. I muri i te tāutanga he oti, ka tīmata anō te rorohiko, me te wero ki te whakahaere i te pūnaha whakahaere hou.

Tāuta CentOS 7 tūmau

Here, he korero poto e pā ana ki te pehea, ki te tohatoha i te tūmau whakaaro whānui e hāngai ana i runga i CentOS 7 ki te huinga iti o taputapu faufaa e kua hiahiatia hoki tona mahi tino.

Na, te tuatahi e hiahia ana koe ki te kitea te tūmau iho. Ka taea e koe te rānei utu te tukutuku (250 moni), whakaturia ki runga ki te mīhini rohe ranei. Ko te mea anake e hiahiatia ana e te - tenei SSH raraunga, ka e kia whakamahia ki te takiuru ki te tūmau. Tangohia hoki tauira te wāhitau root@centos.com īmēra, me te hoki te ingoa kaiwhakamahi kupuhipa c CentOS waitara.

Tīmata tu ki te whirihoranga o te waihanga kaiwhakamahi me te tuku ki reira o nga whakaaetanga e hiahiatia ana katoa:

• Tāpiri whakahau kaiwhakamahi useradd CentOS;
• Waihanga i te kupuhipa ahurei hoki reira - CentOS passwd;
• Ai te pūnaha ki te unga pakiaka-mēra ki tenei kaiwhakamahi - vi / etc / ingoakē;
• hoatu matou te kaiwhakamahi te tika sudo visudo whakahau (rārangi whakahau mahi haamauraa haruru).

Next, me whakapūtā koe te ingoa ope. Ko taea ki te hanga i te rōpū hostnamectl whakaritea-ingoahautū server1.centos.net.

I muri hiahia koe ki te mono i te Pātūahi me SeLinux. Me mahi tenei i roto i te tikanga e kore e ki te pohehe whakakahore ratou mana uru ki te tūmau. Ka taea e Pātūahi whakatārewa mahi mā te rōpū systemctl mutu firewalld me systemctl firewalld mono. āhuatanga SeLinux he iti uaua ake: e hiahia ana koe ki te whakatuwhera i te kōnae whirihoranga hāngai i roto i te ētita kuputuhi Vi ki te whakahau vi / etc / selinux / Whirihora, kitea reira SELINUX = raina whakahohea, ka whakakapi SELINUX = monokia. Na e hiahia ana koe ki te whakaara anō i te pūnaha.

Te taahiraa tatū i muri, ko te ki te whakaturia ake SSH.

Ki te mahi i tenei:

• Tāpiri i te mau taviri e tika ana i runga i te raki SSH-tārua-id whakahau root@centos.com.
• Hurihia te tauranga i roto i te kōnae whirihoranga / etc / SSH / sshd_config i runga i Port 222.
• Rāhui te tomokanga ki te tūmau i waho te tika Root mā te tuhi i te PermitRootLogin string waho-kupuhipa.
• Na tīmata anō te rōpū tūmau systemctl tīmata sshd.

Me hoki koe ki te whakahou i te pūnaha katoa, me te tāuta i te whare putunga me epel rpmforge. Ki te mahi i tenei:

• Whakahōu āhuatanga pūnaha katoa whakahau whakahou paihikara.
• Tukuake i te pūnaha hou wāhanga whakahau paihikara -enablerepo = whakahou Kr.
• Ki te kore te mea nui o nga wāhanga tīariari, ka taea e koe te tiki hōu rpmforge putanga epel me, mo tenei tomo te whakahau paihikara -y tāuta * te wāhitau o te pätaka e pupuru ana i te putanga pūmanawa * hiahiatia (ngāwari taea te kitea pupuru tika i runga i te rauemi e hāngai ana).

Taki ratonga, Apache me PHP whirihoranga

Hei tāuta wāhanga atu ki te anga ngā a ka hiahia ki te tirohia atu etahi ratonga me MTA-ratonga te tūmau.

Ki te mahi i tenei:

• Tirohia mēnā e te rere kē te mahi, te mahi -t whakahau systemctl.
• Monokia tikanga katoa, ka rāhuitia ratou i rere, pēnei i te tāuta i te ratonga poutāpeta e Me ki mono Postfix faaue Postfix mutu systemctl me systemctl mono Postfix.

Na e hiahia ana koe ki te tiki Apache ko PHP, e tika ana mō te mahi noa o to tatou tūmau.

Na, hoki tenei:

• Tāuta i te mōkihi Apache whakahau -y tāuta paihikara HTTPD.
• Hanga ngā huringa ki te kōnae whirihoranga (te wahi me whakapūtā koe te wāhitau tūmau, te ingoa, waitohu, me ētahi atu).
• Tīmata i te Apache, ka tahuri ki runga ki te kapa āhuatanga Haereaunoa systemctl tīmata HTTPD me systemctl taea ai HTTPD.
• Na ka tāpiri i te rōpū PHP -y te tāuta i te paihikara ? Php? Php-o MBSTRING? Php-tata.
• Tīmata anō te kapa Apache systemctl HTTPD tīmata.

Tāuta i te pūnaha whakahaere pātengi raraunga MySQL

I mua i te tāuta koe MySQL i runga i CentOS 7, kia whakamārama e mā te whakamahi i Yum tikiake te pūnaha whakahaere paerewa ka tikiake te putanga kē o te hōtaka i huaina MariaDB, na i roto i ka whai i te take o CentOS ki te haere i te haere taiawhio ratou.

Hei tāuta kia MySQL:

• Tikiake MySQL kiritaki i te whaipainga pātaka mōhiohio mā te whakamahi i whakahau wget * hono ki te MySQL * kōnae kiritaki.
• Na ka whakaturia te reira i roto i te whakahau sudo rpm -ivh ingoa tonu * o te kōnae rpm ki te putanga tika o MySQL * me sudo paihikara tāuta mysql-tūmau.
• Na rua whakau te mahi, te arä, momo Y.

Tāuta pūnaha aroturuki Zabbix

Zabbix mō tāutanga i runga i CentOS 7 Me ki te kitea te putanga hou o te kiritaki i runga i te pae mōhiohio o te kaiwhakawhanake, a ka tāuta i te reira i roto i te pūnaha.

Ki te mahi i tenei:

• Tāpiri rpm Rapunga Uvh hono rōpū * ki te-kōnae rpm ki te putanga o Zabbix nāianei *.
• Whakahōutia i te rārangi o te pūmanawa e wātea ana whakahau whakahou paihikara.
• Na ka tāuta Zabbix kiritaki i roto i te whakahau paihikara tāuta zabbix-kaihoko.
• I muri i te toenga ki te manatoko i te putanga kiritaki (Me te toru), ka whakahoki ae ki tono katoa e tomo Y i roto i te rārangi whakahau.

Tāuta i te tūmau mēra Zimbra

I mua tāuta Zimbra i CentOS 7, he mea e tika ana ki te faaineine no te tenei pūnaha.

Na, e hiahia ana koe ki te mahi i te whai ake:

• Tika whakaturia ake te kōnae aha / mano me ingoahautū.
• Tukua ki te iptables tauranga katoa Zimbra.
• Tahuri atu SeLinux.
• Monokia katoa MTA-mahi.
• Whakapai i te pūnaha whakahaere paihikara whakahou whakahau -y.
• Na e hiahia ana koe ki te tiki i te mōkī e tika ana whakahau paihikara tāuta perl perl-matua ntpl nmap sudo libidn gmp.
• Na ka - te taputapu rawa te wget whakahau Zimbra * hono ki te kōnae ki te whaipainga Zimbra putanga o nāianei *.
• Whewheratia te whakahau kōnae uku, me te haere ki te whaiaronga e tika ana te whakamahi i te whakahau cd.
• I muri i taua hiahia ana koe ki te whakahaere i te whakahau tāutanga ./install.sh -platform-whakaawe.