Pehe Gnedich Nikolai Ivanovich: haurongo, auaha me meka ngā

Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich - pehe me te kaituhi, i noho i roto i te whenua i te tahuri o nga rau tau th 18-19. Best mohiotia hoki tona translation ki Russian o o Homer "Iliad", kua meinga tenei kōwhiringa he tohutoro i roto i te akoranga e tika ana. Mō te ora me te o te mahi a te rohi pehe te whakarau, a aparau i tatou i roto i te taipitopito i roto i tenei tuhinga.

Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich: A Biography. tamarikitanga

whanau te kaituhi i mua nei i roto i Poltava, February 2, 1784. haere mai ona matua i te hapu rangatira tawhito, tata rawakore e te wa. ngaro Nicholas iti tona whaea, a ka ia tata ngaro tona ora - koroputaputa i roto i aua ra ko te mate e wehingia ana. E mata mate i ahua Gnedich ka huia ia o ona kanohi.

I te tau 1793, ka tonoa te tamaiti ki te ako i roto i te Poltava Theological Seminary. E rima nga tau i muri mai, kua whakaritea e te kura ki te neke tahi me te ākonga i roto i Novomyrhorod i Poltava. Ko Ivan Petrovich, te papa Gnedich, ka mau tana tama i te kura, ka tonoa ki te Kharkiv Collegium. I roto i aua tau, whakaaro tenei institution i te kura Ukrainian tino whaimana. Collegium puta pehe heke mai i roto i 1800, ka oho ki te noho tūturu i roto i te Moscow.

Here reira tahi ki te hoa tawhito ka mau Alexei Yunoshevskim te Gymnasium o University Moscow rite taitapa. Otiia i roto i te marama torutoru, rite i whakawhitia te tamaiti ki te ākonga i te Faculty o Philosophy, i puta ia i roto i te 1802 i te tau ngingila.

te tānga tuatahi

I roto i nga tau i tona whare wānanga ka hoa ki te mau melo o te Friendly Literary Society, i ngā A. Turgenev, Alexander Merzlyakov, A. Kaisarov Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich. Ka rite ki te rohi pehe ko hoa ki te kaitito N. Sandunova. I roto i aua tau, he whakaaro tiranoborcheskimi hiahia, whakairia Schiller te tangata taitamariki.

1802 i tohua mo te Gnedich take oaoa tuatahi - te wā tuatahi whakaputaina he iritiraa te. Ko reira he ati, "Abyufar", tuhituhia e te Wīwī Jean Dyusisom. I te wa ano, kua marama kua whakaputaina mo te mahi taketake o te kaituhituhi - ". Maurice, ranei te patunga o te utu" te pūrākau He tau i muri mai, i reira e tika e rua translation Schiller - te pūrākau "Don Corrado de Guerrero" me te ati "whakatakotoria Fiesco."

Ko te moni, ahakoa te meka i tīmata ai tā, he reira tonu e kore e nui, pera whakamahere ki tonu ratou akoranga i ki te waiho. I roto i te 1802, oho te pehe ki St Petersburg. Here riro ia e pā ana i roto i te Public Tari Mātauranga. wahi tenei Gnedich e mau noa 1817.

tona kaituhi wā e manawapa katoa homai haapiiraa i roto i te whare tapere, me te tuhinga. I roto i tenei mara tutuki ia angitu nui, a ka hanga ano te mohio o Pushkin, Krylov, Zhukovsky, Derzhavin me etahi Decembrists heke.

tari

hohoro Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich riro notoriety he rohi pehe nui, me te translator. whakatuwheratia tenei rongo i roto i mua o ia i te kāinga, me te maha rangatira nui-rangatira o St. Petersburg, tae atu i te Stroganov me Olenin. Ngā mihi ki te Tuhinga o te iwi te kaituhi i roto i 1811, riro he mema o te Academy, a ka i whakaritea pukapuka o te Imperial Public Library, te wahi ahu ia te tari o te tuhinga Kariki.

Hohoro Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich hoa tata ki te kai i hopukia. E piri ratou e te moni noa i roto i te whare tapere, me te ao tawhito. Tenei nui ke te tūranga rauemi me e pā ana o te rohi pehe.

Te nuinga o te katoa i roto i enei tau tukutaha te kaituhi wā ki te mahi i roto i te whare pukapuka. Na roto i te tau 1819 ko reira he rārangi katoa o ngā pukapuka, i nga i tona tari, a tuhia ratou i roto i te tauākī motuhake. I tua atu, Gnedich korero auau i runga i ngā kohinga pukapuka.

kohinga pukapuka

I roto i te ora, he kuware ia, me te ingenuous Gnedich NI haurongo o te kaituhi te kupu e ko tuhinga me ngā pukapuka tona weriweri anake. Ua tauturu te tuatahi ia ki te tiki i te taitara o academician me te paetukutuku o State Kaunihera. Ko ngā pukapuka, kohia te Gnedich i tona kohinga whaiaro o āhua 1,250 buka onge, me te ētahi wā ahurei. I muri i te matenga o te rohi pehe, oho ratou katoa Poltava hākinakina koha. I muri i te revolution, he pukapuka i roto i te whare pukapuka o Poltava, a ka i oho etahi o ratou ki a Kharkov.

I te tau 1826 i whakawhiwhia Gnedich te taitara o rite au Mema o te St Petersburg Academy o Sciences. iritihia ora nga mahi o Voltaire, Schiller, Shakespeare.

Mate me te mate

Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich - rohi pehe ataahua, me te deservedly wāriutia noa i hono to'utangatá. Otiia e kore e mea katoa i roto i tona ora na rosy. Mate, i timata rite te tamaiti, kihai i waiho e ia. haere te kaituhi e rave rahi taime ki te kia tukinotia i roto i te Caucasus, rongonui hoki nga wai kohuke. Otiia e tauturu te reira anake hoki te ia. A i roto i te 1830, te mauähara o mate ki te kaha hou, piri hoki ratou ano, a ka nui korokoro. Treatment i roto i Moscow wai kohuke tāwhaiwhai i kahore pānga. Ahakoa te āhua o te hauora, i te 1832 i taea e no te faaineine, ka whakaputa i te kohinga "Poems" te pehe.

I roto i 1833 te kaituhi he rewharewha. e kore e taea e te tinana ngoikore te tu i te mate hou, ko Pepuere 3, mate 1833 te rohi pehe i te tau o 49 tau. I roto i tenei haurongo poto mutu. i tanumia Gnedich Nicholas i St Petersburg Tikhvin Cemetery. I roto i tona ara whakamutunga haere tahi Pushkin, Krylov, Vyazemsky, Olenin, Pletnev me ētahi atu whika tuhituhi rangatira o te wā.

hanga

I te ngakau o te kaituhi lyrics kua tonu kua te whakaaro o te iwi. rapu Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich ki te whakaatu i te pai o ngā tika pai, me te mahi. ko tonu o te riri, me te haere noa tonu tona hero. Ko tenei te mea i meinga taua moni nui ki te rohi pehe Shakespeare, Ossian me toi tawhito i roto i te whānui.

au ra pūāhua a Homer hoho'a tumu Gnedich o te iwi hautoa me ōritetanga patereareha. ka tona mahi tino rongonui "kaihao", i roto i nei honoa te kaituhi te pakiwaitara Russian ki te kāhua Homer. No miharo whakaaro tenei idyll te te pai hanga taketake Gnedich. Ahakoa Pushkin i roto i te nota ki ratou "Evgeniyu Oneginu" string faahitihia o tenei hua, i roto i ngā whakaahuatanga Petersburg po ma.

I roto i nga mahi o te kaituhi, ko te ki te whakarato i te whai ake:

• "Ataahua o Ossian."
• "Hostel".
• "Peruvian ki te Paniora."
• "Ki te hoa".
• "I te urupa o whaea."

"Iliad"

I roto i te 1807, ka mau ake ia te translation o te "Iliad" Gnedich Nikolai Ivanovich. Ko te rotarota i tuhituhia i roto i hexameters, i ko tata ki te taketake. I tua atu, ko reira te translation irava Russian tuatahi o Homer. roa te mahi atu atu i te 20 nga tau, a i te 1829, i whakaputaina i te translation oti. a Reipa, he uara nui pāpori-ahurea, me te whiti. huaina Pushkin reira "feat teitei."

ka haere mai te whakaaro rawa o te translation ki Gnedich ara i roto i te kōhungahunga, ina ia te tuatahi i kite i nga mahi a Homer. I mua ia, i meatia tenei e maha kaituhi rongonui, tae atu Lomonosov Trediakovskii. Otiia i tutuki kahore nganatanga. kua homai tenei āhua o take whakawhiti Gnedich ake ara taimaha me te hiranga.

meka ngā

ora ahau i te ora tino mīharo Gnedich Nikolai Ivanovich. haurongo Poto o te kaituhi kia titoa anake o nga ngā ngā e tupu ki a ia:

• Olenin kotahi whakaurua Gnedich rite te kaiwhakamāori rongonui, me te pai i roto i te salons o te Grand Tiuka Catherine me Empress Maria Feodorovna. ka whakatakotoria hoki i te rohi pehe taunga ki rangatira nunui o. homai mihi ki a ia tauturu i te kaituhi i te penihana ora, kia taea e ia lī'oa tona wa katoa ki te translation "Iliad."
• Ko Gnedich te tuatahi nei ka anga ki te whakaputa rotarota tonu taitamariki, me unknown Pushkin.
• I whakawhiwhia te kaituhi e rua mētara mo tona mahi tuhituhi - Vladimir IV tohu me Anna II tohu.

I teie mahana, e matau ana nga schoolchild e nei ko Nicholas Gnedich me te takoha hanga e ia ki te tuhinga Russian. Otiia, kei te tona ingoa tiaki i roto i nga rau tau, me te whakaaro tonu te "Iliad" translation unbeatable.