Exogenous - ko nga tāupe e whai pānga te taurangi endogenous. tauira macroeconomic

I roto i te kaha ki te hanga i te pikitia o te mooni ōhanga, ka anga tohunga ki te whakamahi i te ariā māmā. I roto i te ara tetahi, kua karangatia e ratou tauira macroeconomic. I raro i tenei ariā kia mohio ki puka whakaahua i te tukanga me te ari ki te kitea te therebetween hononga tata.

Ko te uara o tauira macroeconomic

Ko ratou he whakaata waitara o te pikitia ōhanga tūturu. Ko e tika ana ki te meka i roto i te akoranga o te tūhuratanga, ko te reira e taea ki te tango i tika ki pūkete te kanorau o ngā wāhanga e wātea ana tenei.

Na reira, e kore e taea e huaina kahore tetahi tauira tino tika, me te oti. e kore e whakarato te reira i te whakautu tika kotahi whakahaua etahi āhua i te tetahi wā wā.

Heoi, ki te awhina o ngā Kāwanatanga tauira i te kaha ki te:

• Te tātari i taua tukanga tonotono-ōhanga, me tītohunga rite te pikinga, kore mahi, ngä päpätanga huamoni, reiti whakawhiti me te nui atu.
• Hanga matapae o tukanga macroeconomic me ari.
• Te kimi rongoā ki ngā raruraru kōwhiringa.

Ko te whakamahi o tauira macroeconomic taea huinga tino arotau o mea o moni, moni, kaupapa here moni, me te hokohoko. Ko te tika tenei i roto i te tikanga ki te maeneene i te huringa pakihi me ki te akakoromaki i mōrearea.

momo o tauira

I runga anō i te aha te huru o te mau fifi e tūhuratia, te whakamahi i rerekē momo o tauira. E hāngai ana te whakarōpūtanga te i runga i te maha o ngā paearu:

• Na roto i te tikanga o te whakaaturanga o te tukanga whakamātau tītohunga ranei - whakairoiro me te ōhanga-pāngarau.
• Hoki te roanga o - wā poto, me te roa.
• I runga i te taumata o te kapinga o te rāngai ke - katia me tuwhera. e kore e tauira kati whakaaro mo te mana o ētahi atu whenua, tuwhera tango ki ki pūkete te pānga o te ao i waho i runga i te ōhanga motu.
• Na roto i te maha o ngā hinonga ohaoha - ohie (umanga me hinonga, whare), me te ki tonu (wahi o te kāwanatanga).
• E ai ki te momo whakaaro o ngā i roto i te wa - hikohiko me te hihiri. e kore e tango i te tuatahi ki te pūkete te take wa, i te mea e tika ana mo te tupuraa o te hui ngā. huru no te whakamutunga e huringa i roto i te hononga o ngā tohu te ōhanga i runga i te wā.

Ko te tauira tino rongonui o te macroeconomy

I roto i te akoranga o te whanaketanga o mua, i hanga e ratou he nui nui. Ko roto ia ratou ko te tauira macroeconomic, i meinga rawa rongonui.

rerenga porohita tauira.

ta te reira e e ua ite te kapewhiti tūturu me utu ka aifaito te hanga katoa ki te katoa whakapaunga o ngā umanga, whare, āhua me te toenga o te ao.

Ko te tauira o te tono tōpū, me te whakarato tapeke. āhei te reira koutou ki:

• tautuhi i te tikanga i raro i i tae i te taurite i roto i macroeconomics;
• ki te whakatau i te taumata e tika ana o te putanga me te taumata utu;
• tautuhi i te take o te huringa i roto i te putanga tauritenga me te utu taumata, me te whakaatu i te pānga o ēnei huringa;
• kōwhiringa hakari hoki whakataunga ohaoha.

Phillips ānau me te Laffer. Phillips ānau tohu te hononga i waenganui i te kore mahi me te pikinga.

Laffer ānau ko te kanohi kauwhata o te pānga Laffer. takoto Ko tōna ngako i roto i te meka e te whakaiti i roto i ngā pāpātanga tāke ka whakaiti moni kāwanatanga i roto i te wā poto. I roto i te wā roa - ki te hua i roto i te haumi, mahi me te hua i roto i te auau penapena.

tauira Solow o tupu o te öhanga.

Ngā mihi ki a ia, ka taea e tatou te whakatau i te auau penapena tino pai, e whakarato ana te kohi taea mōrahi.

I roto i te hanga o e rua ngā momo o taurangi mā te whakamahi i ngā tauira macroeconomic.

Ko te ariā o ngā taurangi exogenous

E te wa e hanga nga tauira, kua mohiotia kua ratou. Exogenous - taurangi e kua hoatu i te waho, me te e whakaaro waho. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, te kōrero tuatahi.

Ka rite ki puta enei taurangi, rite ki te tikanga, te kaupapa here moni o te kāwanatanga, te kaupapa here moni o te National Bank, me te ratou taputapu:

• uara moni;
• whakaritenga rahui;
• auau tāke;
• refinancing auau;
• moni kāwanatanga.

Exogenous - tāupe e whai pānga te hua o te tauira whakatau. i huaina ratou huringa ko motuhake.

Ko te ariā o ngā taurangi endogenous

Ko ratou te hua o ngā whakataunga i hanga i roto i te tātai tauira tautuhia. taurangi Endogenous e hanga e roto te tauira macroeconomic. Na reira e huaina ratou ā-.

He ti'aturi i runga i ngā āhuatanga o waho taurangi Endogenous. Ratou tauira tākaro:

• te taumata o te mahi me te kore mahi;
• putanga me te tupu ohaoha;
• INTERNATIONAL taumata mahi TRADE;
• te taumata utu me te pikinga.

Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te hononga o ngā taurangi roto, o waho, i reira e noa tetahi-ara causal hononga i waenganui ia ratou. taurangi exogenous - ko nga āhuatanga e whakatau endogenous engari koe enei, no te kore e hinga i te reira i raro i to ratou mana.

mākete rārangi Tauira

Hei mahino pai te ariā o te tāupe, whakaaro te tauira o hanga te tauira o te rārangi mākete.

Kia mea a e economists e toru whakapae:

1. Taumata i Q ^d huri tei tono i runga i te uara P _b rārangi, me te katoa Y. moni tenei fakafalala whakaata te _{^{whārite: Q d = D (P b}} , Y)
2. Ko te maha o ngā rārangi Q ^s, tunua i roto i bakeries, tei runga i te uara P _b rārangi me te paraoa P _f: Q ^s _{= S (P b, P f} )
3. huringa Utu rārangi kia tae mai supply me te tono ki te toenga: Q ^d = Q ^s

Ēnei whārite e toru hanga he tauira o te rārangi mākete, fakafofonga'i nei e te supply me tono tūtohi.

tono ānau anga whakararo me tohu pehea e pai ki te hoko rohi i te taumata tamau o te moni i te tetahi he utu nui kiritaki. Ko te teitei te utu, te raro te tono.

Ko te ānau supply whakarunga. E whakaatu ana te reira i te nui o te parāoa i te utu i whakaritea o te paraoa, ka hua pihikete i tetahi he utu. Ko te teitei te uara, te tuku teitei. Ko te mata o te pūtahitanga o te ānau - te tauriterite o te mākete, whakaritea nei e te utu taurite me te rahinga o nga taonga whakaekea mawhene, e hāngai ana ki te tono.

Ko te rārangi o te tauira mākete aroaro momo e rua o taurangi. Ko te utu o te paraoa, me te moni katoa, endogenous te taurangi exogenous - te utu o te taro ngā rārangi me te rōrahi o ratou hoko.

Me kï reira e kua mahue etahi kōrero. e kore e tangohia e te reira i ki pūkete te wāhi o te parāoa me te kaha ki te whakatakotoria utu rerekē i whakataetae.

E whakaatu ana te tauira pehea pānga nga taurangi exogenous te endogenous. Na, me te hua i roto i te moni katoa nui haere te hiahia mo te hua.

A ki te hua i roto i te utu o te paraoa, te whakaiti i te taumata o te supply o taonga.

Ko te kupu, e taea te āta kite i te tauira o te tauira ngā e te tauiraa i roto i te taumata o te moni, me te utu o te paraoa i te pānga nui i runga i nga pukapuka mākete. Tenei haapapu kotahi ano te ariā e te taurangi exogenous - enei ko nga āhuatanga e pā te hanganga me te whanaketanga o ngā tukanga tonotono-ōhanga, me te ari.