Poari Nicholas 2. Hua o Nicholas II

Kei te mea te reira e ki te kore te tangata e mohio ki te hītori o tona kāwanatanga Māori, e kore ia e mohio ana pakiaka. I runga i te ringa kotahi, e ora tatou i teie nei, ki o nga rangatira te whakarau, i kingi i te torutoru rau tau ki muri? Ko whakaatu mahi e kore e te wheako o mua ngaro hāngaitanga i roto i tetahi tau. Ko te kingitanga o Nicholas 2 ko te rauoro whakamutunga i roto i te kingitanga o te whare Romanov, engari ano hoki tahuri te reira i roto i ki te hei i te kānapanapa me tino hira i roto i te aamu o to tatou whenua. I roto i ka te tuhinga i raro nei koutou kia maheni ki te whānau kingi, koe ako pehea a Nicholas 2. Ko te ahua o te poari kāwanatanga o tona wa, rawa te ripeneta me te tikanga o tona ka o te moni ki te katoa.

Ko te Emperor Last

Nikolai 2 he rota o taitara me ka ūhia a: ko ia te Hiha o Russia, Grand Duke o Finland, te Kingi o Poland. I whakaritea e ia kānara, a whakawhiwhia piriniha Ingarangi ia te ana'iraa o Field Marshal o te ope, me te kaipuke admiral Ingarangi. Kei te mea te reira e fiefia ia te faatura me rongonui i roto i te tahi atu upoko o te kāwanatanga. Ko ia he tangata o te kōrero ohie, engari i te wa ano, e kore ngaro kiritau-. I roto i tetahi āhuatanga, e kore te Hiha wareware i ko ia - Royal. Ahakoa i roto i te whakarau, hopu whare i roto i nga ra whakamutunga o tana ora noho ia te tangata pono.

Ko te kingitanga o Nicholas 2 whakakitea e i runga i te oneone Russian kihai i iritihia patriots ki whakaaro pai, me mahi kororia mo te pai o te fatherland. ka mea a to'ume'a e Nicholas 2 ko atu rite te tangata pai kuware-whakaaro, ihupuku, ko ia he huarahi haepapa ki tetahi mahi, a nga wa katoa mātu'aki pahono te mamae o ētahi atu ki. Kei te whakaaro mahakai ia ki te hamani iwi katoa, ara peasants ohie taea e ngāwari te kōrero i runga i ngā rite ki tetahi o ratou. Otiia e kore te kingi whakarerea noatia te hunga e Ua whai wāhi i roto i te moni scam, Tinihanga me te tinihanga ia vetahi ê.

2 Nicholas whakahou

Ko te kingi kake te torona i roto i te 1896. Ko te wa uaua mo Russia, uaua hoki te iwi noa, me te mōrearea mo te piha faatere tenei. Ko te kingi ia mau piri ki nga parau tumu o te autocracy me tonu fakamamafa'i e ka tino pupuri reira reira tūtohinga, me te kore i tetahi huringa hiahia ki te kawe i roto i. hinga rā o Nicholas 2 i runga i nga wa uaua mo te whenua, te pōuri kia pāhoro i roto i te iwi, me o ratou whakaahunga ki te piha haapiiraa pule takoha Nicholas 2 mahi e rua whakahounga nui. Enei ko: 1905-1907g.g whakahou tōrangapū. me te whakahou agrarian i roto i 1907 te hītori o te kingitanga o whakaaturanga Nicholas 2 e tata katoa taahiraa o te kingi i ki te tono mea me te tātai.

whakahou Bulygin i roto i 1905

timata te whakahou tuatahi ki te wāhanga faaineineraa, puritia i tanguru ki August 1905. whakaturia te hui motuhake i runga, haere i te Minita o Interior AG Bulygin. I roto i tenei wa, te Faaiteraa i runga i te whakatū o te State Duma me kai i runga i pōtitanga kua rite. i whakaputaina ratou August 6, 1905. Otiia no te mea o te whakatikanga ake o te piha haapiiraa mahi zakonosoveschatelnogo Bulygin Duma kihai i huihuia.

I tua atu, ki te patu tōrangapū katoa-Russian, i akina atu Tsar Nicholas 2 ki te hanga ātetenga tōrangapū nui, me te 17 Oketopa whakaputa i te Faaiteraa i hoatu zakonosoveschatelnuyu tika-ture Duma, haere noa tōrangapū ki te kauwhau me te ki tino whakawhānui i te whānuitanga o ngā kaipōti.

te mahi katoa o te Duma me nga mau parau tumu o tona hanganga i tuhia i roto i te Ture i runga i te pōti o Hakihea 11, 1905, te ta i runga i te hanganga me te taputapu o te State Duma i tanguru 20, 1906, me te i roto i te ture Basic i 23 Paengawhāwhā 1906. huringa whakapaipai o tikanga kāwanatanga. Hoatu mahi hanganga ture ki te State Kaunihera me te Kaunihera o Minita, i tīmata ki te nuku 19, 1905, a ka whakaritea tona matenga te Y. Witte. Hanganga o Nicholas 2 autaki ue'i te kāwanatanga ki te huri i o te mana, me te hurihanga o te autocracy.

Ko te tiango o te Duma o 1906-1907

Ko rawa manapori te hanganga tuatahi o te State Duma i Russia, engari ki te hanga titauraa - tuwhena. whakapono ratou e me haere tonu hanganga tōrangapū, tono ki te mutu ngā kaipupuri whenua landownership, whakataua ratou te autocracy, kia mau i runga i te wehi katoa. I tua atu, ua faaite ratou te matakana o te mana i te faatere. O te akoranga, e kore i manakohia ki te piha haapiiraa pule enei innovations katoa. Na reira, ko te tuatahi, me te tuarua Duma 1906-1907 GG I whakamararatia reira e Emperor Nicholas 2.

Mutu te whakahou tōrangapū Nicholas 2 e i hanga Pipiri arikitanga Tuatoru, kaha herea i roto i nei tika o te iwi. E kore te pūnaha tōrangapū hou e mahi ki te nga raruraru pāpori-ōhanga, me te tōrangapū āwangawanga.

Ko te kingitanga o Nicholas 2 ko he wai kei mo te pūnaha tōrangapū o te kāwanatanga. Kua meinga e te Duma he atamira mō te faaino o nga mana, whakaatu ia hei tinana pato'iraa. Kua arahina tenei ki te whakatikanga ake orurehau hou, me te hë atu te raruraru i roto i te hapori.

Agricultural "Stolypin" whakahou

timata te tukanga o te huringa i roto i te 1907, a mahi ratou i roto i PA Stolypin. Ko te whāinga matua ko te ki te tiaki landlordism. Hei whakatutuki i tenei, kua whakaritea e matou e ko te reira e tika ana ki te whakakore i te hapori, me te hoko i te whenua ki nga peasants, noho i roto i nga kainga, i roto i te kaiahuwhenua Bank. timata hoki te whakaaro ki o te whakaiti matekai whenua kaiahuwhenua o te peasants ki te neke ki tua atu i te Urals. I roto i te tumanako e ka mutu enei mehua katoa ki tutū pāpori i roto i te hapori, me te ka whai ha faingamālie ki whakahou ahuwhenua, whakarewahia te whakahou agrarian.

Ko te ara o te ōhanga Russian

innovations rāwaho kawea hua sino i roto i te rāngai ahuwhenua, ua te ōhanga kāwanatanga Russian ora faahiahia. loto witi nui haere e 2 quintals heketea, tupu rōrahi o ngā hua kohia e 20%, te witi, tangohia ki waho, i roto i te rōrahi nui haere e 1,5 wā. tino nui haere moni Farmers 'nui haere o ratou kaha hoko. Ko te kingitanga o Nicholas 2 whakaarahia ahuwhenua ki te taumata hou.

Otiia ahakoa te ora faahiahia o te ōhanga, e kore i taea e ngā take pāpori whakaoti i te rangatira. Ko te puka o te kāwanatanga noho te taua, me tona whakaahunga ki te iwi āta nui haere. Mai i mahue te hapori% 25 anake o nga pāmu me 17% o Ural ngā hoki, me 20% o te kaimahi e tangohia e te whenua i roto i Farmers Bank, i pakaru. Ka rite ki te heke haere te whakaaro whenua kaimahi hua haumarutanga i 11 ki te 8 desyatinas eka. ka te reira mārama e oti te whakahou tuarua o Nicholas 2 pai, a kahore e te raruraru agrarian faatiti'aifarohia.

Whakarāpopoto i te hua o te kingitanga o Nicholas 2, e taea te tohe i te reira e i roto i 1913 ka te Russian Empire tetahi o te momona i roto i te ao. kihai i taua mutu i muri i te 4 tau o kurua patu he kingi nui, tona hapu, me te iwi mateaki tata.

Āhuatanga o te mātauranga o te emepera heke mai

kawea 2 Nicholas ia rite te tamaiti ki runga i roto i te austerity me Spartan. He rota o te wa i oti rawa ki hākinakina, kakahu tapatahi hakari, me reka me sweets i anake i runga i ngā hararei. Tenei huru ki ngā tamariki whakaatu e ara, ki te i whanau ratou i roto i te utuafare taonga, me te pai, e kore i te reira ratou take. I whakapono te reira e te mea matua ko te e matau koe a matau koutou pehea me te aha koutou wairua. Ko te whānau kingi o Nicholas 2 - ko te tauira o te uniana hoa, me te hua o te tane, te wahine, me a ratou tamariki pai-mahi.

i tukua e te mātauranga emepera taua heke mai i roto i tona ake utuafare. mohio te tamahine a kingi i tamarikitanga aha mamae me te mauiui, i taea ki te whakarato āwhina ki te hunga e hiahiatia ana i te reira. Hei tauira,, me tona whaea, Empress Aleksandroy Fedorovnoy, mahi tamahine pakeke Olga me Maria i roto i ngā hōhipera hōia i roto i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. Ki te mahi i tenei, i haere atu ratou akoranga rata motuhake me te torutoru haora e tu ana o ratou waewae ki runga ki i te tepu whakahaere.

I te wa nei e matau ana tatou e te ora o te kingi, me tana whānau - te reira i te wehi tamau mo tona ora, mo te hapu, me mo te katoa o te fatherland. Ko reira te tuatahi, me te tuatahi he nui hopoi'a, tiaki me te āwangawanga mo te iwi katoa. He "tikanga" ew hakawhetai, me te mōrearea kingi, e haapapu te hītori o te kāwanatanga Russian. Ko te whānau kingi o Nicholas 2 ka te paerewa o te pono mo nga tau maha.

Ko te upoko o te whānau kingi

2 Nicholas ko ia te whakamutunga tsar Russian, a mutu reira te tikanga o te Whare o Romanov Russia. Ko ia te tama mātāmua i roto i te utuafare, a ana matua i te Hiha Alexander 3, ko Maria Feodorovna Romanova. I muri i te matenga fakamamahi o tona koroua, ka ia kainga ki te torona Russian. Nikolai 2 i te āhua marino, āhuatanga e fakalotu nui, tupu ake tamaiti whakamā, me te whakaaro. Heoi, i te wa e tika kua kua he kaha, me te tamau i roto i to ratou whakaaro me mahi tonu.

Te Empress me whaea o te whānau

Wife o Russian Emperor Nicholas 2 ko te tamahine o Grand Duke o Heesi-Drmshtadskogo Ludwig, me tona whaea ko he rangatira o Ingarangi. heke mai Fanauhia Empress Pipiri 7, 1872 i roto i Darmstadt. huaina ngā mātua ia Alix ka hoatu ia he mātauranga hakari Ingarihi. whanau te kotiro i te tuaono, engari kihai i taua mutu ia i hoko 'mātauranga me continuer tika o te ahua Ingarihi, no te mea ko tona kuia ake Kuini Wikitoria o Ingarangi. i te Empress heke mai te huru taurite, a ko te tino mataku. Ahakoa te takenga mai pai, arahina ia he ora Spartan, i te ata ka mau te pati ki te wai matao, me te po noho i runga i te moenga pakeke.

tamariki e arohaina ana a te whānau kingi

Ko te tamaiti tuatahi o Tsar Nicholas 2 me tana wahine Empress Alexandra Feodorovna ko te tamahine o Olga. i whanau ia i roto i 1895 i roto i te marama o Noema, ka riro te tamaiti tino o te mau metua. ko rawa mohio, hoa, me te kitea i te kaha nui ki te ako nga mea katoa o te pūtaiao Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna Romanova. ko parakore me pono pono rerekē, me te manaaki, me tona wairua Karaitiana. Ko te timatanga o te kingitanga o Nicholas 2 tohua te whanautanga o te tamaiti tuatahi.

Ko te tamaiti tuarua o Nicholas 2 ko te tamahine Tatiana, i whanau nei Pipiri 11, 1897. Waho, ka titiro ia rite tona whaea, a ka ko te huru o tona papa. I ia te kaha aronga o te ohipa, me te aroha, puta noa i te tukanga. pai embroidering Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna Romanova me tuitui, i ia tikanga noa, me te kua noho te roto i ngā horopaki katoa.

Ko te muri a, i runga i, ka toru nga tamaiti o te emepera, me te Empress tetahi tamahine - Meri. I whanau ia Pipiri 27, 1899. Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna Romanova rerekē i tuahine aroha, fakakaume'a, me te ngahau. I ia te ahua ataahua, a i te ora nui. Tino nui kua reira kua herea ki te matua, a aroha ia ratou ngana.

I titiro te Emepara atu ki tana tama, engari ka timata ano tamaiti wha o te hapu kingi o te kotiro Anastasia. aroha e te kingi ia rite ana tamahine katoa. whanau Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna Romanova i Pipiri 18, 1901, me te i roto i te huru i tino rite ki te tamaiti. whakamatauria te reira ki te hei tamaiti kakama, me te spirited, ia aroha ki te tākaro māna, ka i he hinaaro mahorahora.

August 12, 1904 te kainga roa-tatari whanau ki te whānau o te emepaea. He tamaiti ko Alex, i te honore o te-koroua nui Alekseya Mihaylovicha Romanova. riro Tsesarevich te pai katoa i tona papa, me te whaea. Ia hoa aroha ana matua, ko tona papa, Nikolai 2 ko he whakapakoko tino mo ia, tamata tonu ia ki te pee i ia.

Voshestvie te torona

Mei 1896 tohua he hui nui - tū i roto i Moscow koroneihana o Nicholas 2. Ko te hui taua whakamutunga: ko te whakamutunga i roto i te whare Romanov kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te aamu o te Russian Empire te kingi. Ho'i, Ko te koroneihana tenei ko te tino nui, me te whakapaipai. Ko te kupu ka timata te kingitanga o Nicholas 2. I roto i te take nui, i te whakapaipai tika puta te pa i marama nga rama ātaahua. E ai ki kaiwhakaatu, ko reira mooni "moana o te ahi" i te hui.

I roto i te whakapaipai i te Russian Empire o kawea tahi māngai o nga whenua katoa. Mai i nga upoko o te kāwanatanga ki te iwi noa - ko nga māngai o te piha haapiiraa ia i te hui kōkuhutanga. Hei hopu i roto i te peita i tenei ra whakahirahira, tae matou i roto i Moscow kaitoi tairanga: Serov, Ryabushkin, Vasnetsov, Repin, Nesterov me etahi atu. Ko te koroneihana o Nicholas 2 ko he tino whāki mo te iwi Russian.

Empire moni whakamutunga

Numismatics - tino ngā pūtaiao. tirohia te reira i kore noa te moni, me pire o whenua rerekē me wā. Ko te kohikohinga o te kohikohi moni nui rawa e taea te ahu i te hītori o te whenua, ona huringa ohaoha, tōrangapū me te pāpori. Na ka rongonui Nicholas 2 ducat moni.

Ko te wā tuatahi i tukua e ia i roto i tau 1911, a muri ia tau miniti moni koura minted i roto i circulations nui. Haapa'oraa o te moni ko 10 moni, a ka hanga o te koura. e te mea he, te aha kua ngā tenei moni te aro o numismatists me hītori? Ko te hopu Ko e ko iti te maha o tukuna, ka minted moni. Na, ka, hanga ana e ia te tikanga ki te whakataetae mo te wahi koura hiahiatia. whakatau ahau ratou tawhiti atu atu i te Mint kī. Ko, kāore, i roto i te maha nui o fakes me "samozvanok" pakeke ki te kitea he moni tūturu.

He aha te mahi na e rave rahi i roto i te moni kua "mahanga"? Kei te whakapono te reira e i taea ki te tango i roto i nga pane i te mua me taha hoki ki te miniti, me te whakawhiti ratou ki nga ringa o tatau kākā tangata. mea tumu kōrero e taea e te reira rānei Kolchak, e ki "nachekanil" maha ducats faaino i ōhanga te whenua o, me te kāwanatanga Soviet, i tamata ki te utu i te moni ki hoa Western. Kei te mohiotia te reira e no te te wa roa, kihai i whenua Western ite i te kāwanatanga hou tino me kua tonu ki te kia tātai ki te Russian mongamonga koura. taea te kawea Just production papatipu o rūpahu moni i nui i muri, ki te koura o te kounga iti.

Ko te ke Politika Nikolaya 2

Hoki te wā o te kingitanga o te Hiha puta rua pakanga nui. I roto i te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti o te kāwanatanga Russian fehangahangai ki te tukituki Japan. I roto i 1904, te Pakanga Russian-Japanese, i ko ki tohoakii te iwi i te raruraru pāpori-ōhanga o te kāwanatanga. ka mau te mahi hōia nui rawa wahi i te pa kaha o Port Arthur, i hauraro i Hakihea 1904. I raro i Mukendi ngaro ope Russian te whawhai i roto i te Hui-tanguru 1905. I patua te kaipuke Russian, me te tino totohu atu te motu o Tsushima i Mei 1905. mutu te reira i te pakanga hōia Russian-Japanese mā te te takiuru i Portsmouth i August 1905 WHAKAAETANGA te pai, kua haere atu i raro i ai Japan Korea me te wahi tonga o te moutere o Sakhalin.

Te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao

patua te pa o Sarajevo i Bosnia i te kainga ki te torona Austria, Ferdinand F., i arahina ki te timatanga o te Pakanga o te Ao Tuatahi o 1914 i waenganui i nga Powers Central me te mua. Ko te Tōtoru Alliance whenua ngā pērā i Germany, Austria-Hungary me Itari. He wāhanga o te Allied ngā Russia, Britain ko France.

ka mau ngā mahi hōia Meiha wahi i runga i te Front Western i 1914. I runga i te mua Eastern, patua te Austro-Hungary i te taha o te ope Russian, i tata ki te tuku. Heoi ka awhinatia mai Germany te Austro-Hungarian Empire ki ora me te haere tonu i te whawhai i runga i Russia.

haere ano Germany ki Russia i te puna me te raumati o 1915, tango ki reira te takanga o Poland, wahi o te Baltic, wahi o Western Peraruhia me Ukraine. A i roto i te 1916, whakapangia hōia Tiamana te pupuhi matua i runga i te Front Western. wahia hōia Russian i roto i te mua, a patua te ope Austria, i tahuri, whakahaua nga ngā mahi hōia, General AA Brusilov.

Kua arahina e te ke Politika Nikolaya 2 ki te meka i ōhanga pau te kāwanatanga Russian e te whawhai roa, pakari me ngā raruraru tōrangapū. kihai i nga kawana huna i te meka e kore ko reira makona ki whaia e te mana i te faatere i te kaupapa here. E kore kua te pātai kaimahi-kaiahuwhenua i whakatau, me te Pakanga II o te Ao ake ngaa anake reira. Na roto i te waitohu i te Brest rangimarie March 5, 1918, mutu te whawhai Russia.

Komititanga ake

Mō taea te whakarau o nga rangatira kōrero mo te wa roa. Ko nga hua o te kingitanga o Nicholas 2 e whai ake: kua ite Russia he tupeke nui i roto i te whanaketanga ōhanga me te whakapakari o ngā whakahēnga tōrangapū, me te pāpori. I te kingitanga o te Hiha i rua noa takaí, te whakamutunga o i i whakatakotoria. faafariuraa nui-tauine i roto i te pā ana ki ētahi atu whenua arahina ki te meka e kua nui haere te Russian Empire tona mana i roto i te rawhiti. i roto i te kingitanga o Nicholas 2 ko reira tino tautohetia. Mahalo, Na, ko reira i roto i te hunga tau i reira i te mau ohipa i arahina ki te huringa o te pūnaha tōrangapū.

Ka taea e waiho he kōrero roa, ko reira tika ki te mahi i te Hiha tonu. Kōrero e kore i taea e tonu whakaae i runga i te whakaaro kotahi e pā ana ki te tangata e ko te Emepara whakamutunga o te Russian Empire - te tangata mārō haehae ranei nui tufaa. I roto i te kingitanga o Nicholas 2 - tenei wa, he wa tino uaua mo te Russian Empire, engari i te kotahi wā faahiahia me te ora-kope.