Poet Yakov Polonsky: poto haurongo, toi, whiti me meka ngā

pehe e kore maha mahara JP Polonsky (1819-1898) i hanga maha mahi e kore anake i roto i te rotarota, engari i roto i te tuhi. Heoi, tonu te nuinga i roto i ana mahi aroha hei te romance. Pehe manene a tawhio reo, engari e kore e tau'a ki o te motherland te whakarau. ia tino whakamoemititia i roto i tona "Bell".

whenua iti

Ko te quietest o Ryazan, i roto i te pa iti porowini, i roto i te po o te 6 ki te 7 Hakihea 1819 tamaiti whanau, e rua wiki i muri mai ka karangatia e ratou i roto i te bapetizoraa Hakopa. kua tona whaea keke i ki te pōro i te kawana-whānui, engari i muri i te ako e te tukua humarie ratou tuahine i whanau, mahue te pōro ki te kawe ratou oha. kua koroheketia Rhode Polonsky, e haere i Poland ki te tomo i te mahi o Ivanu Groznomu. a Polonsky o ringa i runga i te papamuri Azure i whakaaturia ana e te whetu o ono haona, potae ki huruhuru pīkake me te kuao marama he koti. Ko te papa o te rohi pehe e kore i taea e te mātauranga pai whiwhi, engari ako ki te pānui i me te tuhituhi, ka i he ringaringa ataahua. Ko ia he rangatira pai, me te whānau nui e hiahiatia ana hoki reira utu ngako. ko Yakov te tamaiti matamua, a i roto i te tua i ia ono tamariki. I roto i te whanau whakamutunga mate tona whaea, Natalia Yakovlevna. i tukua e te tamaiti e ngaua te mate ia, a ki te whakaaro ki a ia i tanumia ora tona whaea. Ka rite ki te tamaiti, Yakov Polonsky maha kite moe whakamataku. I mataku ia. tīmata whakaaro ki te mahi, puta whakapakoko whiti. Ko te tuakana i korero ratou tales patupaiarehe whakaaro e te teina, ka anga puku ki te tuhituhi rotarota.

i muri i te kura nui

puta Yakov Polonsky Ryazan i te kura nui i roto i te 1838. Na roto i tenei wa, i tino pakaru toku papa me te mate o tana wahine e aroha, i toru nga tau i mahi i roto i te Caucasus, ka hoki ia ki tona kainga tupu. I roto i te take o ngā tamariki, e kore ia i pokanoa. Otiia ko Hakopa he hui i whakaaro ia he taumata o tona ora. I roto i te 1837 tae mai ia i te Ryazan Tsesarevich Aleksandr Nikolaevich, tahi e VA Zhukovsky. aroaro Young Hakopa Polonsky ki te tetahi emepera heke mai o ona fakatupu. Kei te hono ana tēnei hui ki nga whakaaro katoa o te tangata taitamariki ki ngā mahi tuhituhi. Mai i 1838 ki te 1844 tau, Akoranga Yakov Polonsky i University Moscow. Ko ia te tino rawakore, no te mea kei te tino pahuatia te utuafare, a taea anake whakawhirinaki i runga i to ratou ake kaha. whare reti i roto i nga wahi hawa i ki te hanga i te ora na roto i te ngana me mau haapiiraa tūmataiti. He nga ra ka tina, a ko kihai i taua. i te reira ki te mahi ki tea me te pukapuka. I roto i tenei wā tata mohio ia ki te A. Grigoriev ko A. Fet, whakairi whakatauranga taranata o te punake taitamariki. Faauruhia, whakaputaina ia i roto i "Notes o te fatherland" i roto i te tau 1840, i te ruri "whakatangi Toputapu pere nui." i whänui porohita o hoa i roto i Moscow. I roto i te whare o te uri o te Decembrist Nikolai Orlov, tutaki Yakov Polonsky ki Ahorangi T. Granovsky, philosopho P. Chaadaev. Hoki i roto i te 1942, ia hoa no te oraraa taatoa ki Ivan Turgenev, e ka tautoko i te reta.

Collection o "Gamma"

I roto i te 1844, kaha kohikohi Petr Yakovlevich Chaadaev moni ohaurunga mo te whakaputanga o te pukapuka tuatahi o te punake taitamariki. Lyrics Lermontov mahue te tohu i runga i te reira. Ko Belinsky rite te katoa e homai te arotake pai. tuhia te fakaanga i roto i te irava "huānga rotarota parakore". Nikolai Gogol Rewrites hoki ratou tetahi o nga oriori. VA aroaro Zhukovsky te kuao kaitito karaka whakaatu e te haafaufaa e ia tona taranata. LEV Sergeyevich Pushkin hoatu ia he homai taonga - he kōpaki no ki tona pukenga tuakana.

Odessa

I puta ia me te neke ki te tonga, me te haurongo o te ora o Yakova Polonskogo mohio ki tonu i te iwi o te porowhita o Pushkin. Harmony me mārama tohu tuarua te kohinga o te punake, "Poems 1845". Heoi kihai Belinsky i kitea i te reira i tetahi hua angitu.

Caucasus

Ko te hiahia ki te tiki arahi mana'o hou Yakov Petrovich i Tiflis i 1846. tavini te reira i rite te tari o te kawana o MS Vorontsov me i te wa taua mahi i roto i te niupepa "Herald o te Transcaucasian" ētita kaiāwhina. I roto i te reira, tā ia me. I runga i te rauemi tāwāhi o te Caucasus, kei te ngana ia ki te mahi i roto i te momo tuku iho o patere me rotarota. I te wa ano, whakamahia e te reira rahi raznostopnye iti noa. I te tau 1849 ka tukua te rohi pehe he kohinga o "Sandazar". Otiia i roto i te tau 1851 ka haere ia ki a Russia rite ako e pā ana ki te mate nui o tona papa.

Petersburg

Na parau Yakova Polonskogo haurongo te aamu o tona hokinga mai ki a Russia, te wahi i māfana riro ia e kaipānui me kaituhi. Ko te rauemi pai-oranga e kore e whai. I te tau 1857, i takoha ia ki te riro i te repeater. I roto i tenei kaha, haere tahi ia whānau SA Smirnova-Rosset, kua he tino iu me te uaua ki Switzerland. Ko 38 nga tau - he kore tenei te tau, ka taea e koe te aro ki nga hiahia o kaitukumahi. A marama torutoru i muri haere ia ki te pou, me ngā haerenga ki Geneva, Roma, Paris.

pehe faahiahia

I roto i te whakapaipai French reira ko he "hui mate" rite i huaina ai te rohi pehe, ki tana wahine ake nei. Tenei kotiro, Elena Ustyuzhskaya, i taitamariki, i roto i te aroha, me te i te faaipoiporaa ki te tatari mo e pā ana ki te tau. I roto i te 1858, ua faaipoipo ratou, ka haere ki St Petersburg. whakaaro tona ipo e i roto i te tane hanahana i roto heke mai. Aue, ko poto-ora te faaipoiporaa. e rua noa nga tau o ta ratou oaoa. I te tuatahi, i kino ai te maturuturunga iho Yakov ki droshky. nui ia whara tona waewae, i hoatu ki a ia e kore era tae noa ki te mutunga o te ora, a ka i ia ki te whakamahi i tootoo. Na ka mate-ono marama tama, a rave rahi marama i muri mai, ko tana wahine. Tenei ko te haurongo poto Yakova Polonskogo e pā ana ki tona faaipoiporaa tuatahi. pehe rumaruma tauhiuhi atu i nga rire o "te koekoea" te wairua o te rotarota, "te haurangi o te pouri," "tou aroha Ki te anake ...".

faaipoiporaa tuarua

roiate Literary kia taea, Yakov Petrovich, ka tīmata ki te mahi i runga i te komiti o te aukatinga ke. 6 tau i muri i te parariraa o tona faaipoiporaa tuatahi, taka ia i roto i te aroha ki a Zhozefinu Ryulman. mutu ana tēnei pūrākau ki te marena, e pai e whanau rua tama me te tamāhine. hanga ana home he Salon tuhituhi-waiata, i runga i Paraire kei te haere ki te tae Petersburg intelligentsia: kaitito, kaituhi, kaitito, kaipeita, fakaangá. He he ora ahurea e koropupu o te whakapaipai. I roto i tēnei haurongo poto o Yakova Polonskogo i roto i to tatou whakaaturanga kei te inaianei haere mai ki te mutunga. I roto i te whakanui o te huritau 50 o te mahi tuhituhi o Polonsky i whakawhiwhia ai ki te niao hiriwa, me te Grand Duke Konstantin Romanov whakatapua te ruri.

Romances ki nga kupu Polonsky

Romantic, e ngana ana ki te whakautu ki ngā take ā-tōrangapū, ano i roto i to tatou feruriraa e pā i te romance. Yakov Polonsky, nei rotarota aroha e maha kaitito Russian, mo te tokomaha matau, te tuatahi o te katoa, i roto i nga kupu, "taku ahi i roto i te marama kohu". Tenei ko te rārangi o waiata i runga i ana kupu, tawhiti-tawhiti i oti:

• Composer EF Napravnik:

Birdie: "kakara reira mara rangi ma";

Waltz "Ray o Hope";

Inoi: "E to matou Matua! Tama inoi: kia whai taringa ... ".

• SV Rachmaninov:

Hui: "Inanahi tutaki matou ...";

Music: "A kauhoe me te tupu enei oro whakamiharo ...";

Dissonance: "Kia te pai ai o te whakarau ...".

• AG Rubinstein:

Duma: "Ko nga pere mo'a tino tangi ...";

Ngaronga: "A, no te he tohu ki o wehenga ...".

• PI Tchaikovsky:

"Waho, i roto i te kōpura atarangi".

E te ara, i tuhituhi Tchaikovsky Polonsky te libretto o te opera "te slippers". I roto i te tua ki te taua maha iti o waiata i tabulahia i roto i tenei tuhinga, ka taea e koe te tuku ki te mahi o Bunin e aho i te pehepehe e J. Polonsky hoatu i roto i te taitara o tetahi o ana kōrero, ara "i roto i te kotahi ara maheni."

ka mate Polonsky i te tau o 78, kua tanumia tata Ryazan. Na kētia ana inaianei i roto i te Ryazan Kremlin. whiti katoa Polonsky, Yakov Petrovich kitea he whakautu rite i roto i tona temi, me nga whakatupuranga i muri o nga Symbolists, rawa i roto i poraka. I roto i te wā Soviet kihai i whakaputaina reira tetahi (!) O mahi whakatapua ki tona ora, me te mahi. Na ki te tohunga rohe Ryazan whakatika i tenei āhuatanga i te tuku monograph, tuhinga, me ngā pukapuka, e hoki tatou pehe he wareware, mahue he kainga tupu nui toi.