Prague - te whakapaipai o te Czech Republic. History, wae Prague

Ancient me ngaro, ahurei, me te ahakoa, Golden Prague - te whakapaipai o te Czech Republic. Kua tupu te reira hoki mano o nga tau, ka whakawhanakehia i te pūtahitanga o ngā ara hokohoko. Ka taea e tōna ahua kite i te hītori katoa o te hoahoanga Pākehā: puni Gothic me haurangi, hahi Baroque me ngā whare Renaissance, he whare i roto i Rococo me Art Nouveau. pokapū hītori o Prague me ona waharoa nui, me te awhiowhio te me ara kuiti, timahia, kia whakatau a UNESCO ngā i roto i te maha o Cultural Heritage Ao.

He kupu ruarua e pā ana ki te whenua

I roto i te ngakau o Europe, i waenganui o nga pukepuke, ngahere o Bohemia i tou kohanga ki me te whānuitanga maunga Sudeten, ko reira te Czech Republic. Tenei whenua e kore putanga ki te moana , me te e taha e Austria, Germany, Poland ko Slovakia. I roto i te Czech Republic, pea neke atu i hea atu, ka taea e tetahi ite i te wairua o te Anotau, āta tiaki i roto i pinepine o pa me pa, te whare me complexes pa. whenua Ataahua he anga ataahua mō kohatu whakamaharatanga hoahoanga.

Contemporary Czech Republic

Ka rite ki te hua, te whakarere wereweti pera-ka karanga (te tiango i Hānuere 1993 Czechoslovakia - te Czech me Slovak Federal Republic) i runga i te scene tōrangapū ao, i reira e rua āhua Ariki - te Slovak Republic, te pa matua i riro Bratislava, me te Czech Republic, kua noho nei te whakapaipai o Prague.
I roto i te hītori Pākehā tata, he reira pea anake te take i roto i nei kihai i te wehenga o te whenua i haere tahi e te mahi uruhi ture hōia atu ranei. Contemporary Czech Republic - he käwanatanga pāremata haere e te peresideni, pōtitia e te pōti rongonui. I teie mahana, te Czech Republic i raro i te ārahitanga o te 2013 te peresideni tīpakohia i Maehe Miloš Zeman wahi o te Pākehā Union ko NATO.

Ko te pa matua

Prague - te whakapaipai, hītori, ahurea me te ōhanga "ngakau" o te hou Czech Republic, kei roto i te raki o te whenua, i roto i te waenganui o te takotoranga wai Czech. hanga te reira i te pa i runga i te pukepuke taha te awa Vltava me te wehea ai kia rua nga wahi: rawhiti me te uru. Kei runga i te taha matau o Visegrad, a ki runga ki te maui, ko te Prague Castle. No te mea o te whakawhitinga auau hanumi te nohoanga o nga rangatira Czech i tetahi whakataunga ki tetahi whakatika ratou e rua kaha, me te tata ki te kotahi.

Otiia mana i hanga te Big Prague i anake i roto i te hauwhā tuatahi o te rau tau whakamutunga, i muri tata hanumi te rohe pa e rave rahi tatini ki tetahi whakataunga i ngā. A, i mua ko reira he pa iti, he reira 20 anake km ^2. Modern Prague i runga i te mahere e hipokina te rohe o tata 500 ^km2.

pūrākau Prague

I roto i te pokapū hītori o Prague nga whare, kari, me te timahia taea tona piriti korero te rota o pakiwaitara me ngā kōrero. Titaria e pūrākau me te turanga o tenei pa. I muri i te iwi Czech raro i te ārahitanga o te papa ka haere Cech, ka anga ki te tūhura i te whenua kei waenganui i te awa Elbe ko Vltava, ko Prince Krok te rangatira, kua whakaarahia e ia e toru nga tamahine, te whakaotinga o nei, Libuse, i muri ka haere mai te matenga o tona papa ki te kaha. Ko ia te tangata e, kia rite ki te kōrero, i whakaturia i runga i nga tahatika kohatu o te pa Vltava Vyšehrad, i muri mai ka tona noho. he atamai, me te ataahua kahore anake Princess Libuse, engari ano hoki i te mea homai noa o te wawe. Kotahi ra, e tu ana i runga i te pareparenga kohatu o te Vltava, i taea ki te "kite" e ka kia whakatakotoria te pa i roto i te wa poto, tae ki te rangi nei rongo ia. Ia te whakahaere ara ki te karanga i te wahi i reira e pa tenei e hanga: ko te paepae o te whare, e kia he tinkering tangata. kokiritanga tonu pononga a te rangatira ki te rapu me te hohoro kitea he ariki i roto i te wa e Prague i Czech tikanga "paepae", he kaiparau ohie i huaina Přemysl. ka mau a Libuse ia mo te tane, a ka whakaturia te wahi i reira i hanga e ia te paepae i pa Castle, i nei tupu Prague - he pa e mahi rite te noho o whakatupuranga maha o nga rangatira Premyslid.

E ai ki hītori

Scientists whakapono Libuse me te kaiparau Premysl kore ake atu i te pūāhua namata. I roto i te meka, i whakaturia Prague kahore mua atu i te 880 tau i muri i Bořivoj, te rangatira tuatahi o te whare Přemyslid, oho tona noho i Hradec nad Vltavou. Hoki ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te Libuse kitea i roto i te pai-mohiotia mahi o Cosmas o Prague "Czech Chronicle," me 623 rā ia ratou - 630 tau. I taua wa, i roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau whitu, kia rite ki ngā tohunga, nga Czechs kua kore i tufaa me te hanganga o te pa he pea.

He aha e te ingoa o te pa?

Ka rite ki whakahuatia i runga ake, ko te ariā tino rongonui e Prague - he pa mai i te kupu Czech Prah tona ingoa - «paepae». Tahi mau aivanaa whakapono e ahu mai Praha i te ingoa me te kohatu tāheke Old Slavic Vltava kauanga. He ko he putanga e kia whai pānga te ingoa o te pa ki te kupu pražení - au kiko, zazharki, mai i roto i tenei rohe ngakia te rota o te witi, ka kua whakawhanakehia production witi kua.

E hāngai ana te katoa o enei putanga anake i runga i te tātaritanga o ngā hanganga reo. kaipūtaiao Modern whakapono te whakapae tino lelei nai e pā ana ki te opape kohatu, he tokomaha i runga i te Vltava i i.

Pehea ka anga te reira katoa

whakaturia te tuatahi rakau Prague Castle i roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rangatira Borzhevym IX rau. I te timatanga o te rau tau X i te tahi atu taha o te Vltava whakatika Visegrad. Neke atu i te wā huri noa puni e rua timata ki te puta kaihokohoko me te mahi whakataunga. Na, i runga i te taha maui i hanga he wahi Old Town me i te matau, i raro i te Prague Castle, whakatika Lesser. Na roto i te mutunga o te rau tau XIII, i roto i te kingitanga o tona tama Premysl Otakar II o, Duke o Krakow ko Kingi Wenceslas II o Bohemia, Prague - te whakapaipai, te pa nui, me te tino whakawhanakehia ōhanga, e whakahaere ki te whakatika i runga i te toenga.
Ko te tino pokea ana o te pa Roa tata te katoa XIII rautau ka orua ki te kingitanga o Yana Lyuksemburgskogo me tana tama Charles IV. Ko te whakamutunga i taea ki te whakaara tūnga o Prague ki taua o te Patireia o Roma, te whakapaipai, a ki runga ki te rahi, i reira te rua ki Constantinople ko Paris anake. Charles IV tamata i roto i tona kingitanga ki te mahi i nga mea katoa ki te whakamatau e Prague - te whakapaipai o kahore anake ōhanga, engari tikanga ano. I reira hanga te reira i te Charles Bridge me te whare wānanga tuatahi, ka anga te reira i te hanga o te Cathedral o St. Vitus. Na ka ka hanga arhiepiskopalnaya tari, me i reira ko te rohe o Novo mesto.

ngā wāhanga o te whanaketanga

Ka rite ki te hua o te Hussite Wars Prague ite te wā o te ururua me te pirau. Otiia i te mutunga o te rau tau XV reira ko te stabilization äta i roto i te pa tīmata hanga o hou, me te hanga hou o whare ngaro. Ko reira i tenei wa i raro i te aronga o te kaihoahoa mai Benedikta Rayta i hangaia anō Hradcany o te Old Royal Palace.

Ko te tuarua "tau koura" mo Prague haere mai i roto i te kingitanga o te whare Habsburg, i timata i roto i te 1526. Kua haumi rangatira Austria te rota o te hōpuni me ngā rauemi i roto i te whanaketanga o Prague. I roto i te 1612, i muri i te matenga o te emepera Rudolf II o, ngaro te pa tona mana rite te marae kingi i kaha tonu oho ki Vienna.

Ko te wā i muri ko te tino pokea ana a Prague XVIII rau, i orua ki te whakaoranga motu. I te mutunga o tenei rau tau, i roto i te kingitanga o Hohepa II o, i reira he he rōpū ki te rohe whakahaere kotahi o te wāhi tāone matua e whā: Hradcany, Old Town, Town iti ko New Town.

I te mutunga o te XIX - wawe rau XX, ka ko he whanaketanga tere o te ahumahi ōhanga me, me te nuinga o nga whakapaipai Pākehā i reira, kei te kaha whakawhanakehia Prague me te tipu tino. I haukotia te ara o tenei wā i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. Czechoslovakia - I 1918, i hanga e te āhua motuhake. I roto i te Tama'i II o te Ao, i 1939 ki te 1945, Prague - te whakapaipai o te State - rite te pai kia rite ki te toenga o te whenua, i roto i te mahi Nasí. I muri i te whawhai, me te tae noa ki 1989, ka ko he "revolution wereweti" i roto i Czechoslovakia ko wahi o te puni hapori reira.

rohe Prague

Kei te tito Modern Prague o nga wahi maha, etahi o nei i hoki tenetere whakaaro rite nga pa motuhake. Ko ratou:

• Visegrad;
• Titiro mesto;
• Lesser;
• Hradcany;
• Town New.

I roto i nga ra tawhito, i ratou e kore anake pūnaha rerekē te whakahaere me te subordination, pūtea, engari taumahatanga ki ia atu, i ētahi wā e haere tae noa ki te mahi hōia. Na roto i te mutunga o te rau tau XIX ka mau te reira āhua Old Prague, i roto i te pokapū hītori e ngā wāhi pērā i te Tahito ko New Town, Hradčany, Vyšehrad, Mala Strana me Josefov - Hauwhā Hurai.

E tū ratou nga wae hītori, hoahoanga me te ahurea matua o te whakapaipai Czech. I roto i nga tau o muri mai, ka tupu te pa, a ki reira nga wāhi hou, engari he pārekareka ratou hoki haere o ngā paku.

He uaua e kore anake ki tūruhi engari ano ki te iwi taketake teie mahana mahino e founga wehea ki ngā rohe o Prague. I runga i te mahere, kia rite ki te ariā hou o te whakamahere pa, ngā wāhi hou tāutuhia e ratou rohe, no ki te municipality ngā. Ko te kupu, Kei te wehea te pa katoa ki 22 takiwa, tae atu i roto i ona takiwa mema 57.

Āpiti atu ki te mahi hou, me te pa tawhito wehenga pūnaha cadastral. Na, kua wehea Prague ki te 10 ngā wāhi matua o te 112 wāhanga. huaina te puta ke taua te Whakahaere me te Kei te whānui whakamahia i roto i ngā āhuatanga ngā o te ora tāone.