Rauemi taputapu Main: momo, rama, āhuatanga, ngā āhuatanga, rauemi whakangao

whakaritenga Basic mō ngā rauemi taputapu -. wātea pakeke, ātete ki abrasion, ki te wera me te etahi Tautukunga ki enei paearu ka taea tapahi. Hei kawe i te whakataki o nga paparanga mata o te hua ki te kia tukinotia mata mo tapahi nga wahi mahi me hanga o alloys kaha. Ka taea e pakeke e tūturu riro ranei.

Hei tauira, taputapu maitai motumotu tapahia ngāwari. I muri maimoatanga nga tikanga pūkaha me te waiariki, me te huri me te Papatūānuku, te taumata o piki pakeke me te kaha.

Pehea he pakeke?

Ka taea te tautuhi āhuatanga i roto i ngā huarahi rerekē. steels taputapu i te pakeke o Rockwell pakeke he ti'araa tau, me te HR pūrārangi ki te A tauine, B C ranei, (hei tauira, HRC). Tīpakonga o te rauemi taputapu tei runga i te mahi i te momo o te whakarewa.

Ko te taumata tino pūmau o te mahi me te kākahu iti o te mata i haere te maimoatanga wera e taea te tutuki mo te taupū HRC 63 ranei 64. I te āhuatanga taupū raro o te rauemi taputapu ko kore pera tiketike, me te pakeke tiketike, timata ratou ki te hu'ahu'a roa'tu tika ki brittleness.

Konganuku he pakeke o HRC 30-35, e pai tukinotia ki taputapu rino,-tukinotia wera ki te mehua o HRC 63-64. Ko te kupu, ko te ōwehenga o ngā tohu pakeke ko 1: 2.

Hoki te konganuku whāki ki HRC 45-55 kia tono taputapu e kua hāngai i runga i konganuku pakeke. Ko te tohu o to ratou HRA 87-93. Ka taea te whakamahi rauemi e hāngai ana i runga i nga papanga waihanga i roto i penei i te steels i raro ki te pakeke.

rauemi taputapu mauroa

I roto i te tukanga o te tapahi i te kaha mahi o te pānga B10 KN me runga ake. whakaoho te reira i te ngaohiko tiketike, e kia uta e te whakangaromanga o te mea. Hei karo i tēnei, kia whai i te whakarea nui o resistance rauemi mō te tapahi.

Ko te huinga pai o te kaha e o taputapu maitai. Mahi wahi i hanga o ratou ātete pai ki te pikaunga taimaha a taea mahi i roto i te kōpeketanga, torsion, piko me te totoro.

Te pāmahana pānga whakawera tino i runga i te rau taputapu

A, no te tukuna wera i roto i te tuhi o te konganuku kitea ki o ratou mata whakawera, ki te whānuitanga nui - te mata. A, no te te pāmahana ko raro te tohu taupū tino (mo ia rauemi ko ona ake) e kore e te hanganga, me te pakeke huri. Ki te riro ki runga ake i te auau tīkina te pāmahana whakawera, taka te taumata pakeke. Critical pāmahana ka karanga te pakeke whero.

He aha e te wā "pakeke whero"?

ka karanga te reira i taonga pakeke whero o te whakarewa, ka hana ki te pāmahana o 600 ° C anaana whero pouri. uhinga a te wā tiaki o te pakeke whakarewa me te ātete ki te kakahu. I tona matua ko te kaha ki te tu atu ki te pāmahana teitei. No te rauemi rerekē, i reira he he rohe i 220 ki te 1800 ° C.

Nā ki te aha e taea te whakapai ake mahi o tapahi taputapu?

rauemi Tool o te taputapu tuhi āhuatanga e taumahinga tiketike i teitei resistance pāmahana me te whakapai ake o te wera whakapau hangaia i roto i te mata i roto i tapahi. tauturu te wera ki te whakapiki ake i te pāmahana.

Ko te atu wera peka i rau te hohonu ki te pūrere, te raro te pāmahana i runga i tona mata whakapā. taumata kawe ia ngāwhā tei runga i te hanganga me te whakawera.

Hei tauira, i roto i te maitai taua āhuatanga rite Tungsten me vanadium ai te whakaiti i roto i tona kawe waiariki, me he poke o te Titanium, hinu, molybdenum me faatupu te reira i ki ara.

Mai i ai te whakarea o retireti waku, tei?

Tohu te waku tau whakarea o retireti he ti'aturi i runga i te hanganga me te ngā āhuatanga ōkiko o te whakapā o ngā rauemi takirua, me te te uara o te ngaohiko i runga i nga papa pangia te waku me te retireti. pānga Factor te ātete te kākahu o te rauemi.

kawea pāhekoheko Tool ki te rauemi i raro ki te maimoatanga i roto i te awhiowhio whakapā tamau.

Me pēhea te ki te tikanga i roto i te take o ngā rauemi taputapu? Ngā momo o kakahu ōrite.

E āhuatanga ratou e:

• kaha ki te ūkui i te maitai ki i te mea te reira i roto i te whakapā;
• te kaha ki te whakaatu i ātete ki te kakahu, e ko te ki te pato'ii te abrasion atu rauemi.

puta kākahu rau tonu. Ka rite ki te hua o tenei pūrere ngaro ona āhuatanga, me te huri i te āhua o te mata mahi.

kakahu resistance taupū e taea rerekē i runga i te tikanga i raro i nei e te tapahi wahi rānei.

He aha ngā rōpū e wehea taputapu maitai?

Ka taea te wehea te rauemi taputapu matua ki te kāwai e whai ake nei:

• cermet (konganuku pakeke);
• cermets, okouku kohuke ranei;
• pūtiwha nitride i runga i rauemi waihanga;
• taimana turanga waihanga;
• taputapu maitai i runga i te pūtake o te waro.

kia rino Instrumental waro, kongatia ko HSS.

steels taputapu e hāngai ana i runga i te waro

E whakamahia matū Carbonaceous ki te hanga taputapu. Ratou tere whakairo he iti.

Ka rite ki tohua maitai taputapu? E tohua Materials i te pukapuka (hei tauira, "U" tikanga waro), kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki te tau (tau whakatekau o te ihirangi waro ōrau). Ko te aroaro o te reta "A" i te mutunga o tohu tohu o te parahi kounga teitei (ihirangi o matū pērā i whanariki me te ūkuikui, e kore neke atu i 0.03%).

faaite te reira i te rauemi carbonaceous ki te taupū pakeke o HRC 62-65 me te ātete pāmahana iti.

Pane rauemi taputapu U9 me U10A e whakamahia i roto i te hanga o matatahi, me te raupapa U11, U12 me U11A hangaia mō körere ringa, me etahi atu. Utauta.

Ko te taumata o te ātete ki te raupapa steels pāmahana U10A, U13A he 220 ° C, na tohutohu te mea o taua rauemi e ki te whakamahi i i tapahi kīia o 8-10 m / min.

patu rino

kia Tool rauemi doped chromium, hromokremnistym, Tungsten me hromovolframovym, doped ki konupora. E tāutuhia ēnei raupapa i ngā tau, a ka whai ratou i te mau tohu. Ko te tuatahi-te nuinga maui mati tohu te ōwehenga o te waro i roto i te hautekau ki te ko te ihirangi huānga iti iho i te 1%. Ko te whika tika-parirau tohu te toharite o te wāhanga doping rite te ōrau.

Waitohu X rauemi e tika ana mo te hanga o körere me taputapu mate. he hāngai hoki hokohoko he iti-rahi akoako, körere, me reamers Steel B1.

Ko te taumata o te ātete ki te pāmahana o te rauemi doped he 350-400 ° C, reira, te tere tapahi me ngā wā nui atu taua mo te waro koranu he hawhe.

He aha te whakamahi i steels nui-koranu?

Various rauemi whakairo taputapu tere whakamahia i roto i te hanga o paraire drill, reamers me körere. Kua tohua ratou ki reta me ngā nama. wāhanga nui o te rauemi he Tungsten, molybdenum, chromium me te vanadium.

steels High-tere e wehea ki e rua ngā wāhanga: noa, me te ki te taumata tiketike o te mahi.

Steel mahi noa

Ka taea te pēnei te kāwai o te rino ki taumata noa o te mahi kōeke P18, P9, R9F5 me alloys Tungsten doped ki molybdenum raupapa R6MZ R6M5 e pupuri i te pakeke kahore i raro i 58 HRC i 620 ° C. Material e tika ana mō steels obrabatyvaniya ki waro me ngā kāwai koranu iti, hina maka rino me alloys nonferrous.

Steel ki ake mahi

kia ngā tenei kāwai waitohu R18F2, R14F4, R6M5K5, R9M4K8, R9K5, R9K10, R10K5F5, R18K5F2. E taea e ki te pupuri taupū HRC 64 i te pāmahana o te 630 ki te 640 ° C. ratou Tenei kāwai ngā taputapu rauemi superhard. Kei te hangaia te reira ki te rino me alloys e kua tukatuka ki uaua, me te mo te Titanium.

alloys pakeke

Taua rauemi e:

• cermet;
• uku kohuke.

Ko te āhua o te mau papaa parau, tei runga i te āhuatanga rehe. Taua mea mahi i HSS whakaritea ki pikitia o tere tapahi tiketike.

cermet

alloys Mārō-whakarewa he:

• Tungsten;
• Tungsten ki te ihirangi Titanium;
• Tungsten ki te whakauru o te Titanium me tantalum.

raupapa VC ngā Tungsten me Titanium. Instruments i runga i enei wae i te ātete kākahu tiketike, ko te taumata ātete o te pānga e ratou iti. Urutaunga i runga i taua kaupapa e whakamahia ana mo obrabatyvaniya rino.

Ko te hāngai ki ngā momo katoa o te rino te koranu o te Tungsten, Titanium, me te konukurahina.

whakamahia Synthesis o Tungsten, Titanium, tantalum me te konukurahina te i roto i te wā motuhake te wahi e whai hua ana ētahi atu rauemi.

Kei te āhuatanga e ātete tiketike ki te pāmahana alloys Hard. Ka taea e Materials Tungsten mau tonu tona taonga tohu ki HRC 83-90, ka Tungsten ki Titanium - HRC 87-92 i te pāmahana o i 800 ki te 950 ° C, e taea ai mahi i kīia e whakairo teitei (500 m / min ki 2700 m / min i konumohe obrabatyvanii).

Hoki te wahi whāki i e whai ātete ki waikura, me te tiketike pāmahana, te tono i te taputapu o te raupapa o pai-baked alloys om. he pai hoki te mutunga o te whāki i, me VK10-VK15-om a om Mark VK6-om - mō te reo ki taratara.

te kakama nui i te mahi ki "uaua" wahi i rauemi taputapu superhard Series BK10-XOM me VK15-Hom. tantalum ratou carbide, whakakapia chromium carbide, hanga ratou ake roa noa ka whai wāhi ki tiketike pāmahana.

Hei whakanui i te taumata kaha o te paraharaha totoka, paitanga ki pani reira ki te kiriata tiaki. carbide hāngai, Titanium nitride, me carbonyl, tono nei te tino rahirahi. Ko te matotoru i 5 ki te 10 microns. Ko te hua ko te kahu pai o te Titanium carbide. Ko te taumata o te mau papaa parau ātete i roto i toru-korukoru runga ake i te mau papaa parau Kore Uwhi, e faarahi te tere whakairo i te 30%.

I roto i ētahi wā, te rauemi o cermets e hua i te tua o te konumohe ōkai ki Tungsten, Titanium, tantalum me te konukurahina.

okouku kohuke

Hoki tapahi taputapu whakamahia okouku kohuke CM-332. S ātete tūturu ki te pāmahana piki. HRC Taupū pakeke mai i 89 ki te 95 i 1200 ° C. kakahu hoki rauemi ātete he, e taea ai te tukatuka o parahi, maka rino me alloys ferrous ka kīia e tapahi tiketike.

Ki te hanga tapahi taputapu, cermet whakamahia rite raupapa B. Kei te hāngai te reira i runga i waikura, me te carbide. Ko te kupu whakataki o te kohuke carbide uku whakarewa me te molybdenum, me chromium, āwhina ki te arotau i te āhuatanga ōkiko me te pūkaha o te cermet me faaore tona brittleness. tere whakairo nui ake. Kei te whakamahia Waenga ki te whakaoti te tukatuka e hāngai ana cermet pūrere mo te hina maka rino, pakeke maitai me te maha o tukatuka konganuku kore-ferrous. whakahaere ana te tukanga i te tere o 435-1000 m / min. Ko ātete ki te pānga o te pāmahana tapahi Ceramics. Ko tōna pakeke o 90-95 HRC ko i 950-1100 ° C.

Hoki obrabatyvaniya rino pahure tinei, he maka rino roa, me te kaka kōata whakamahia mauhaa, te wahi whakairo hua nei te i totoka kei roto boron nitride me taimana. Tohu pakeke CBN (boron nitride) Ko e pā ana ki te taua rite taua o taimana. Ko tōna resistance pāmahana e rua nga wa ki runga ake i taua o te muri. Elbor kaua e mangere, ki te rauemi rino. Kurut kaha polycrystals taumata ka kōpeke ko reira 4-5 GPA (400-500 kgf / mm ^2), a ka piko - 0.7 GPA (70 kgf / mm ^2). Ātete ki te pāmahana ko ki te rohe o 1350-1450 ° C.

Hoki tuhipoka o ko te waihanga raupapa Ballas hāngai taimana-ASB me raupapa Carbonado ISPC. mahi Chemical o te whakamutunga ki te rauemi carbonaceous he teitei. Ko te mea i whakamahia aha i Sharpening o ngā wāhanga i hanga o alloys whakarewa nonferrous ki te ihirangi tiketike silicon, totoka VK10, VK30 me papa kore-konganuku.

kaitarai resistance taupū carbonade - 20-50 wa neke atu i te taumata o te ātete o alloys pakeke.

I alloys kua whānui i roto i te ahumahi?

Ao rauemi taputapu e wātea ana. Puka e kua whakamahia i roto i Russia, te United States, a i roto i Europa, mo te wahi tino kore e roto i Tungsten. no ratou ki te raupapa o KNT016 me TN020. Kua riro ēnei tauira i te rama whakakapi T15K6, T14K8 ko BK8. E whakamahia ratou mo te whāki i mo ngā hanganga maitai, tira pokekore me ngā rauemi taputapu.

whakaritenga New mō rauemi taputapu e tika ana ki te hē o te Tungsten me konukurahina. Ko reira e tika ana ki tenei take e e te whakawhanakehia tonu tikanga o te whiwhi alloys pakeke hou e kore e e roto i Tungsten kē i roto i te US, Europe ko Russia.

Hei tauira, te rauemi taputapu hokohoko kamupene American raupapa Adamas carbide Co Titan 50, 60, 80, 100 Kei roto he carbide, Titanium, me te molybdenum. Te whakanui ake i te tokomaha tohu te tohu o te pa o te rauemi. Āhuatanga o rauemi taputapu o tenei take fakahu'unga he taumata tiketike o te kaha. Hei tauira, raupapa Titan100 kua he kaha o 1000 MPa. Ko reira he whakataetae o okouku.