Rawiri Livingstone: haurongo, haere me te kitea. Ko whakatuwheratia te Rawiri Livingstone i Africa?

Ko tētahi o nga tira haere tino rongonui, e kore e taea te piriponotanga nei takoha ki te rārangi o te rangahau matawhenua - Rawiri Livingstone. whakatuwheratia e ahau te ngākaunui? He āmiki i roto i tenei tuhinga i tona kōrero ora me whakatutukitanga.

Childhood me te taiohitanga

whanau Future Kaikitetuatahi nui i Maehe 19, 1813 i roto i te kainga o Blantyre tata Glasgow (Kotirana). Ko tona utuafare rawakore, hokona tona papa i runga i te tea huarahi, a ka he te tamaiti i roto i te 10 tau i i ki te haere ki te mahi i te mira pueru rohe. I tona vahe tuatahi, e Rawiri Livingstone, tona haurongo e whakaahuatia i roto i te tuhinga, ka hokona te pukapuka wetereo Latin. Ahakoa te meka i mahi pakeke ia i 6 am ki te 8 pm, kitea ia wa Kaiako. Na ka timata te tamaiti me katoa ki te haere ki te kura, te po i reira ako ia e kore e Latin engari ano hoki Kariki anake, pāngarau, me te teolosia. ko te tino aroha o te pānui te tamaiti, kaitito rawa puāwaitanga i roto i te taketake, pono-kore, me te whakamārama haere.

Kia pehea te i te whāinga o te ora

I tau 19, i whakatairangatia ana e Rawiri Livingstone. Tenei āhuatanga i te hua o utu, i whakamahia e ia ki te ako i te whare wānanga hauora. I muri i te 2 nga tau, riro ia tona tākutatanga. I tenei wa ko te Ekalesia English whakatö kaha ki te kukume kaitūao mō te ohipa misionare. Î ki tenei whakaaro, a Rawiri tino ako ia teolosia, a i roto i tau 1838 i whakaritea he tohunga, a ka kua tono hoki mema i roto i te Society misionare i roto i London. I te wa ano, he tohunga taitamariki me te tākuta tutaki he misionare Robert Moffat, mahi i roto i Africa, ka tohe Livingston ki te titiro i te fenua mangu.

Timata o te ara nui o te ora

I te mutunga o 1840 haere-tau 27-tau rere i runga i te kaipuke ki Africa. I te ara, e kore ia i ururua wa, mapulei te whakaaro nui o te whakatere me te ako e founga ki te whakatau i te taunga o ngā o te whenua.

ū te tangata i roto i te Cape Town (Awherika ki te Tonga Coast) March 14, 1841. Ka whakaritea e ki tino faaineine no te take puta noa tona ora, i ora ai a Rawiri Livingstone i roto i nga tangata whenua, ka ako ratou reo me ngā tikanga. I roto e ono nga marama, ka korero ia matatau ki mohoao, e ko ia rawa whai hua i roto i te heke mai ki te whakatū i ngā hoapā ki te ngā iwi i roto i te neke uta.

kihai i Rawiri noho tonu. āta engari tamau oho ia whakamua, te whakatau hoki i te wa i roto i te iwi i muri, te pae mai maheni ki ritenga hou, hanga tāurunga rangitaki. Na roto i te raumati o 1842, patua Livingston he wahi nui o te koraha Kalahari. Na tawhiti kihai ia i haere mai ki te ara i te Pākehā kotahi.

Ko te turanga o to ratou iho misioni. Whawhai ki te raiona

I roto i te 1843, i whakaturia Livingstone te misioni i roto i Mobotse, kauwhau i te rongopai o te iwi rohe, me te āta neke raki. no Maori ki te misionare ki te faatura, te aroha, me te kitenga wahi anake o reira. Ia itoito awhina ratou i nga whakaeke o te koroni mangumangu Kua Portuguese, me te tahi atu ki pononga, whakamanawanui ana nga faingata'a katoa te ora pakeke i roto i te savannah Awherika.

I roto i te 1944, e Rawiri Livingstone, hei Africa mo e kua he tino whare, ora te mōrearea e wehingia ana. Hunting ki ngā mema o te iwi, i patua ia e te raiona nui, me te semeio ora. wahia kararehe tona ringa maui i roto i te maha o nga wahi, meinga he misionare no te ora noho kopa. I ia ki te ako ki te mau i te pū i runga i tona pokohiwi maui, me te whai mahue kanohi. I roto i te mahara o taua hui e wehingia ana i runga i tona pokohiwi kāmataga 11 niho o raiona. timata nga Maori ki te karanga i te tangata ma Leo te nui.

Te faaipoiporaa. Whakawhiti misioni

I roto i te 1845, ka moea e Rawiri Livingstone Meri - mastermind tamahine o tona haere, Robert Moffett. Wife tahi tana tane i roto i te kaupapa, resignedly ngā nga faingata'a katoa o haerenga, i whanau hoki he tama tokowha ia.

Na roto i te wa o te faaipoiporaa, i konatunatua te tangata taitamariki fiefia noa ki nga tangata Maori ratou i whakawhirinaki ai, na faaoti ia ki te neke i tona misioni ki uta Kolobeng awa. Ratou, me ki tana wahine noho i roto i te bakvenov iwi. Livingston Ko te auhoaraa rawa tata ki te rangatira Sechele, e kitea rawatia ake ka mau ki te ngakau te parau haapiiraa Karaitiana. whakaae ia ki te kia iriiria, whakarerea e tikanga etene a hoki ana nga matua o ratou wahine, mahue ki a ia kotahi anake. Ko reira me paetae, me i te wa ano i te wero nui o te haere Pākehā. I te wenewene te iwi ki taua huringa rerekē, Orua ngā pouri ki te tauraki nui, kua takoha te misionare katoa me tana wahine ki te waiho i te misioni, a neke noa atu ki roto ki te koraha Kalahari, i huaina te Maori te whenua o te matewai nui.

Ko te kitea o te roto Ngami

I tua atu ki te ohipa misionare, ahakoa nga fifi katoa, e kore e wareware e pā ana ki te mahi rangahau o Rawiri Livingstone. Te whakatuwhera i tona hanga e ia i roto i ngā haerenga roa, neke āta i te tonga ki te raki puta noa te fenua.

Pipiri 1, 1849 haere toa ki tana wahine, tamariki, me te maha o ngā hoa haere i roto i te Kalahari ki te awa Zambezi, te tauwāhi āwhiwhiwhi o te wahi i tohua i runga i te mahere o Awherika ki te Tonga i te ake Middle. i takoto Livingstone ki tohu te tūranga tangohia o te awa, ki te tūhura tona moenga, ki te kitea te pūtake me te mangai.

ara roa ki te tango rite te roa rite 30 ra, he fakaongosia, me te tumatatenga, rawa hoki Meri ki ngā tamariki. A, no te haere mai haere ki te awa, i matau ratou koa kahore rohe. I reira ka tutaki ratou i te iwi bakalahari ko Bushmen, nei ka mau nga tangata ke talitali whakakiia ratou kai, ka whakaratohia ārahi. ratou haere tonu nga haere ake te awa, ko August 1, 1949 haere ki te roto o Ngami, a mohoa noa kahore mohiotia ki tetahi Pakeha.

Hoki tenei kitenga, i whakawhiwhia a Rawiri Livingstone te Gold Medal o te Society Geographical Royal ka riro he utu moni nui.

I muri i nga mōrearea katoa o nga mema o te ope taua ka hoki ki te misioni i runga i Kolobeng humarie.

Dilolo Lake ko Victoria Falls

I roto i te 1852, ka tonoa Livingstone tana wahine, me ana tama i roto i Scotland, a ka whakatutehu ia ki te ngākau hou i roto i te ngakau o te fenua Black i raro i te tumu: ". E puaki i Awherika ranei ngaro"

I roto i te tere, 1853-1854 gg. raorao awa Zambezi, kua ona kautawa kua whakawakia. Ko te hui matua o te ope taua ko te kitenga Dilolo roto i 1854, mo e riro te misionare tetahi mētara koura i te Society Geographical.

Rawiri Livingstone ahu atu haere tā te kimi i te ara whakamarie i runga i te rawhiti ki te Indian Ocean. I roto i te ngahuru o 1855 oho ano te kaha iti iho te awa Zambezi. Tau hepetoma i muri, i runga i Noema 17, i mua i te kanohi o te tira puta pikitia auheke: he wairere whakapaipai 120 mita te teitei, me te 1800 mita te whānui. karanga Maori reira "Mosi wa Tunya", i iritihia tikanga "hamama wai". Tenei āhuatanga tūturu grandiose Rawiri ko Victoria i te honore o te Kuini o Ingarangi. I teie mahana, te wairere ko te tohu ki te Kotimana toa kaihōpara o Africa.

Tukua o te Indian Ocean. ho'iraa

Haere tonu Ako o te Zambezi, kumea ana whakarongo te misionare ki tona ringa te raki, ka haere ia ki te mangai o te awa, pa tonu te rohe Indian Ocean. Haratua 20, 1856 kua he whakawhitinga rahi o te fenua African i te Atlantic ki te Indian Ocean kua oti.

Kua Hakihea 9, 1856 i roto i hoki te UK piripono o te Kuini, e Rawiri Livingstone. whakatuwheratia te reira i roto i Africa, tenei haere tuutuu ore, me te misionare? ana haerenga katoa me ngā āhuatanga matawhenua , i tuhituhi e ia he pukapuka i roto i te tau 1857. Roiate i te kaiwhakaputa ki te whakarato i te pai kia tana wahine me ngā tamariki. Rawiri i ninii ki tohu me ngā taitara, i homai e ia he whakarongo ki a Korolevoy Viktoriey, a kua kauhau i Kemureti, ka tahuri ia ki te taitamarikitanga rohe ki te karanga ki misioni me te whawhai ki te hokohoko pononga.

Ko te haerenga tuarua ki Africa

I te Maehe 1, 1858 i runga i Hōngongoi 23, pau 1864 Rawiri Livingstone tuarua te haerenga ki Africa, e tahi ki a ia i haere i tona wahine, teina, me te tama waenganui.

I roto i te ope, tonu Livingstone ako o te Zambezi me ona kautawa. Mahuru 16, 1859, ka whakatuwheratia e ia Lake Nyasa, ka mea taunga o nga awa Shire me Ruvuma. I roto i te tere, i kohia he taonga nui o ngā kitenga pūtaiao i roto i mara pērā i huaota, te mätai kararehe, rauropi, tātai, ka hia kē.

Haerenga anake wheako koa o ngā āhuatanga hou kawea mate Livingstone 2: April 27, 1862 i malaria mate tana wahine, he iti i muri mai, ka tangohia e Rawiri i te rongo o te mate o te tama mātāmua.

I muri hoki mai misionare kāinga i roto i te mahi tahi ki tona teina i roto i te raumati o te tau 1864 ki te tuhituhi i tetahi atu pukapuka e pā ana ki Africa.

haerenga tuatoru ki te fenua Black

I Hānuere 28, 1866 i runga i Mei 1, 1873 i hanga te kaihōpara rongonui toru, me te whakamutunga i tana haerenga ki te fenua. Fakalaulauloto ki he nga steppes o Awherika Central, tae reira te wāhi o te Lakes nui, rangahau Tanganyika, Lualaba awa, rapu mo te pūtake o te awa. Te taha te ara, i hanga e ia e rua noa tuwhera teitei-kōtaha: Whiringa 8, 1867 - Lake Mweru, ko Hōngongoi 18, 1868 - Lake Bangweulu.

pau fifi haere te hauora Davida Livingstona, a kitea rawatia ake ka ia mate kirika dengue. Tenei takoha ia ki te hoki ki te puni ki te kainga o Ujiji. Hoki ruha me imi whakamamaetia Whiringa 10, 1871 rawatia ake ka haere mai ki te āwhina i roto i te tangata o Genri Stena, e rite rawa i roto i roto i te rapu o te niupepa misionare Karaitiana "New York, Harold." kawea Stan rongoā me te kai, na Rawiri Livingstone, he haurongo poto whakaahuatia nei i roto i te tuhinga, ka haere i runga i te tapitapi. Ia hohoro anō ana akoranga, engari, kāore, e kore hoki te roa.

Mei 1, 1873, ka mate i te misionare Karaitiana, he toa ki te hokohoko pononga, te kaihōpara rongonui o Awherika ki te Tonga, te I TE maha ngā āhuatanga matawhenua Rawiri Livingstone. Ko tona ngakau i roto i te pouaka tine i raro i te Maori paraoa whakahaere tanumia i roto i Chitambo mvula i raro i te rakau nui. tonoa home tinana kēne, ko April 18, 1874 tanumia i roto i Westminster Abbey.